History of the discovery of Bikes

Historically, the bike was found in France in the late 18th century. The country's two-wheeled transport is named Velocipede. Over the years, Velocipede is the only term that refers to the results of the design of two-wheeled vehicles. But according to another source, said first bicycle was invented in England around 1970.

Historically, the bike was found in France in the late 18th century. The country's two-wheeled transport is named Velocipede. Over the years, Velocipede is the only term that refers to the results of the design of two-wheeled vehicles. But according to another source, said first bicycle was invented in England around 1970.

When first created, do not imagine it is a complete bike as the bikes do you have now. The so-called bike at the time was two round boards that serve as the wheel is then connected to the wood frame to unify the two. We can imagine how awkward and the look of the bike at the time. Forerunners of the bike is then given the name of Hobby Horses and Celeriferes.

In 1818, a student of mathematics and mechanics in Heidelberg, Germany named Baron von Drais Karls Sauerbronn Velocipede tune to have the steering mechanism on the front wheels. Drais provide a system that allows the front wheels can turn right or left. By taking the energy of motion of both legs, Drais able to glide faster time around the garden. Drais homemade bike is nicknamed "dandy horse" (horse style). Drais himself calls this vehicle with the name, Draisienne.

The process of creation is then performed by Kirkpatrick Macmillan. It was in 1839, in England, Mac Milan who worked as a blacksmith began to think of making a better bike. Later, Mac Milan managed to create a bike that can move without set foot on the ground. He added that the drive shaft that connects the rear wheel with the front tire and put a wooden pedal to get them moving wheels. To run it, just pedal there.

Meanwhile, in Paris, France, a man named Kirkpatrick Macmillan also trying to modify the bike made Drais. Michaux and his son made the bike run with the pedal. Bikes made Michaux obtain extraordinary acclaim. With the pedal, riding a lighter and fun. To be able to run fast bike, the front wheel to enlarge it.

This vehicle is the perfect after a Frenchman named Pierre Lallement strengthen wheels by adding an iron circle around it (now known as the rim or wheel) in 1865. Lallement also introduced a bike with the front wheel larger than the rear wheels.

In 1870, James Starley started making bikes with the huge front wheel was very small rear wheel. Starley then managed to make a breakthrough by creating wheel radius and cross-tangent method. With a system of spokes on a wheel, Starley can save wood material and make a lighter bike to ride. Unfortunately, the bike with big wheels it has many shortcomings. Because the position of the pedals and the seat is high enough, the women and the people who do not complain of difficulty so high to drive.

Fortunately, in 1886 the gap repaired by Starley's nephew John Kemp Starley named. He managed to create a safer bike to be ridden by anyone. He put a chain and equalize the amount of front and rear wheels. Equally important discovery also made John Boyd Dunlop in 1888. Dunlop motorcycle tires managed to find a technology that can be filled with air (pneumatic tire). From here, the beginning of the rapid progress of the bike. Then the pace of the bike was no longer shaking and various forms of bicycle successfully created.

Subsequent discovery that contributed bicycling technology, ie as brake, gear ratio which can be removable, chains, handlebars that can be moved and many more which makes the bike more comfortable to ride. Since then more and more people to use bicycles as a means of transportation. Although its functions are now being replaced by motorcycles and cars, but bikes still have quite a lot of fans.

History of Radio

Radio is a technology used for signal transmission and modulation by electromagnetic radiation (electromagnetic waves). These waves propagate across and through the air and can also propagate through the vacuum of space, because these waves do not require the carrier medium (such as air molecules).

Basic theory of propagation of electromagnetic waves was first described in 1873 by James Clerk Maxwell in his paper at the Royal Society on the dynamic theory of the electromagnetic field (English: A dynamical theory = CE = BFF th = D0 = B5 electromagnetic field), based on the results of the research work between 1861 and 1865.

History of Radio

In 1878 David E. Hughes was the first to transmit and receive gelombangradioketika he found that the induction balance caused disruption to phone makes. He demonstrated his discovery to the Royal Society in 1880 but only say it's just an induction.

Heinrich Rudolf Hertz was that, between 1886 and 1888, the first time to prove Maxwell theory through experiment, demonstrating that radio radiation had all the wave properties (now called Hertzian waves), and found that the electromagnetic equations can be formulated into a partial derivative equation called the wave equation.

A Brief History of Radio

1877: Edison introduced the phonograph

1895: Marconi discovered radio transmitter and turn it into a business

1906: De Forest invented the vacuum tube

1920: Frank Conrad start KDKA in Pittsburg

1926: RCA launch radio network NBC

1934: Federal Communications Commission Didirikankannya

1949: The start of an era radio DJ

1970: FM stations increased, began sounding echo and already has a segmented audience

1996: The behavior of radio communication led to many mergers and cooperation

2000: The internet site Napster was ordered to put an end to file sharing on the internet for free

2002: Radio station's agreed to share some of its profits to the musicians and = C6 = 96 = D0 = D0 = B5 = B0b = C6 = 96 to use copyrighted music.

Satellite Radio

Radio broadcast technology revolutionized with the advent of satellite-based radio broadcasting (satellite radio broadcast). Its history began in 1992 in the United States (U.S.). At that time, the FCC (Federal Communications Commission) which is the regulatory body in the U.S. telecommunications allocate a frequency band spectrum in the "S" (about 2.3 GHz) for nationwide broadcasting (in the U.S.) using satellite-based digital audio (digital audio radio service / DARS). There are only four companies that volunteered to get a broadcast license.

Radio

In 1997, the FCC gave permission to: CD Radio (which changed its name to Sirius Satellite Radio) and American Mobile Radio (which changed its name to XM Satellite Radio). Each paid over 80 million dollars for using bands or frequency band is available. Apparently, only the XM Radio who can continue his business and began broadcasting nationally on 25 September 2001. While Sirius has not been able to follow up, with intense anekaprogramdan XM Radio offers high-quality audio reception for fans of home audio and car audio. From the center of the broadcast (broadcast center) in Washington DC that has 82 digital studio, XM Radio 101 channels emit berisiprogramacara: music, news, interviews or talk = D1 = 95H = CE = BFW, sports, comedy, and children's events. The 101 line was emitted together into the satellite. The customers can receive directly from satellite or through a repeater station (repeater) that exist.

Cellular Radio Merger

Ease of various purposes can be accessed through mobile phones thanks to the incorporation of RFID technology (Radio Frequency Identification) technology provider. RFID technology is translated by the official website of RFID as a common terminology to describe the transmission system identification (auto ID) wirelessly via radio waves. Auto ID include bar codes, optical character readers and some biometric technologies such as retina scanners. Auto ID techniques are used to reduce labor costs, time efficiency, and accuracy of the data makes more precise than the manual way.

Radio phone

RFID microchip could in principle respond to radio signals with a remote transmitter. With the patch antennas are also micro-majority RFID works without batteries due to send back responses using power from the RFID radio signals. In short this process, it's no wonder companies with process monitoring bejibun stuff like supermarkets are making use of the advantages of this technology. The advantage of RFID is then harassing phone vendor interest in the handset marry.

History of Mobile

In the 21st century, telecommunications has entered the era is so powerful. When a couple of decades ago the phone was a luxury home, now named cell phone (mobile phone) has an everyday item. The price is getting cheaper made mushroomed. But did you know that behind all this is that the energy transfer events are so phenomenal

Who does not know or mobile phone (mobile phone)? Introduced in the 1980s, today's communications tools have become fixtures of everyday. Many people in cities in particular, young and old often seen showing it off when it is not in use. Placed in a pants pocket, tucked at the waist, or some are intentionally kept hold while occasionally used for pointing. The price is more affordable to make this stuff can be owned only by the not-rich.

Whatever it is, a tool increasingly cute and attractive size has also been considered as a 'friend' on a trip or at a very practical move. He could hook us up with relatives, colleagues, and even the grumpy boss from anywhere. Telecommunications technology has enabled it can be used anywhere. Especially with the launch of mobile satellites, which in turn allows small objects can be used in remote areas (remote areas), even from the middle of the ocean. One that makes it superior to phone home, namely its cordless or wireless.

The revolution in the field of telecommunication has indeed been through a terrible stage. When daily activities has so overlaps (overlap), is further advanced equipment becomes a decisive tool. It can be used as a messenger and important news than as a medium for light conversation, in which young people used to call 'chat slang'.

However, did you know that to reach this stage, hundreds of engineers have spent many years in laboratoirum to uncover the mysteries behind it. Starting from studying the mysteries of electromagnetic waves, the properties of radio waves following classifications, until air or atmospheric parameters of the media perambatanannya. All of this is related to the energy transfer invisible, so anything related to it can still be referred to as a natural phenomenon. If in the city within a certain time interval there are two million people conversing with colleagues by phone, we did not ever truly understand how crowded spark or an electromagnetic wave radiation generated each milling.

Mobile devices themselves are not really sophisticated. This tool is basically just a radio transceiver (transmitter-receiver/pengirim-penerima) ordinary, like walkie-talkies or handie-talkies are often standard equipment so police or security officers. The main part of the telecommunications equipment is an oscillator for generating a radio signal, radio frequency amplifier, mixer (mixer), wave counter (detector), and the audio signal amplifier.

Then why is it called a mobile phone? This title seems to depart from the stretch signal booster antenna network built RBS (radio base station) is a catcher and spreader device signals. For a city, the network operator or so-called provider (whether it's Telkomsel or Satelindo) ordinary share in the form of cells that form an imaginary, in which each cell is represented by an antenna RBS. That's why mobile phone (mobile phone) is to be known also as a mobile phone.

The smaller

Trace back, in its history, both mobile phones and other wireless telecommunications equipment, principally related to the results of two experiments conducted scientist named James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879) and Heinrich Hertz (1857-1894). Maxwell managed to uncover some of the natural phenomenon of electromagnetic waves which insists that the speed of electric-magnetic radiation is equal to the speed of propagation of light, which is about 186,000 miles (300,000 km) per second. Meanwhile, on different occasions, Hertz equip Maxwell with the results of scientific study reveals that the radio waves are part of this natural phenomenon. To appreciate the efforts Hertz, the world scientific community then use the name 'Hertz' as the unit of frequency or cycles per second.

In the characteristics and functions of different electromagnetic waves themselves can be sorted out by the spectrum becomes (ranging from the largest to the narrowest wavelength): radio waves, microwaves, infrared, light / visible light, ultraviolet light, X-rays, and gamma rays . In particular, radio waves occupy the wavelength region of several kilometers to 0.3 meters, while the frequency of a few Hertz up to 10 ^ 9 Hertz. The wave is then broken down to thousands of channels and is used internationally for various purposes under the supervision of the International Telecommunication Union.

At first, the radio itself only used a limited circle in the army. Form the first handheld radio in the beginning is still as big and heavy bricks. In this form, he is still far from practical. However, the benefits of high makes it used anywhere. On the battlefield it can be used as the sender equipment orders, results reconnaissance, and command a very strategic. In the event of World War II, the shape and strength many times repaired. In the decade of the 70s, the shape can be reduced with the invention of transistors that can represent dozens of components is large, and by the decade of the 80s is getting smaller again with the successful creation of the integrated circuit which can contain dozens or even hundreds of electronic components to the components of which only amounted to buttons. This finding makes telecommunications equipment becomes increasingly bermasyakat because production costs are becoming increasingly cheaper and wider benefits. Digital technology also makes these devices even better.

In the history of telecommunications, Indonesia itself was stuck as the fourth country in the world after the U.S. consumer communications satellite, the Soviet Union, and Canada. The first satellite was named SKSD Palapa A slide in 1976 that was used as a 'unifying' archipelago. Operation performed by Perumtel (now PT Telkom). In addition to long-distance telecommunications commercial purposes, it is also used as the sender of television signals in addition to governmental purposes. Satellite itself functions just as a relay station receiver and router * high frequency signal that is not reflected layer of the atmosphere. If SKSD Palapa tend to operate for the purposes of government, the other agencies, PT Indosat (Indonesia Satellite Corporation), also operate the satellites, but for commercial purposes even if only on a lease.

In the 70's, maybe some of us still remember how excited can enjoy series Akbar Muhammad Ali boxing match. This is thanks to the support Intelsat Indosat hired for the purpose of commercialization of the broadcast television world. These satellites are also used for the benefit of the international conversation. As soon as the opening of the telecommunications network utilization also makes various telecommunication companies worldwide are racing to another commercial innovation. Indosat, for example, has recently introduced 12 services that can be connected to 250 countries. Starting from IDD 001, Conference Call, Precard, Virtual Net, Indonesia Direct, to free phone. In the services are then called Indosat @ your life is, the user is becoming increasingly easier to contact anyone anywhere in the world.

HISTORY OF TELEVISION

History of television that there are many people maunpun organization that looks at it. From the development of an idea until it becomes an electronic machine called television, created by the hard work of many pihak.Berikut history of television:

1876 - George Carey created a selenium camera, which has a picture so that one can see the power.

1881, the idea of using scanning to transmit images added to actual practical use pantelegraph.

1884, A German student named Paul Gottlieb Nipkow patented the first electromechanical television system which works by scanning disk, a spinning disk with a number of holes spiraling toward the center. At the same hole in the disk rotation interval will allow light to pass through each hole and into selenium sensors that generate electrical pulses. Called the electric telescope with a resolution of 18 lines.

1897, Karl Ferdinand Braun created a CRT with a screen that can fluoresce when exposed to light. This is the basic starting-based screen tube television history.

1900, History of the use of the name even television for the first time this year ditemukanpada. Is Constatin Perskyl mentioning tele (distant) and looks (vision). which, when combined into television.

1907, Two bernamaBoris Rosing and Campbell Swinton separate experiment that used cathode rays to be able to send pictures.

1925, John Logie Baird demonstrated the transmission of Scottish origin black shadow moving pictures in London. He also found the video recording system for the first time.

1927 - History of the development of modern television first invented by Philo T Farnsworth. A ilmuwah from Utah, United States. Why is that? this is due to his idea of the basic image dissector television.

1929 - Vladimir Zworykin of Russian refining developments cathode tube and then called it a kinescope. Her findings are actually just developed a technology owned by CRT.

1940 - This is the beginning of the development of the first color television. Someone named Peter Goldmark invent color television with a resolution of up to 343 lines.

1956, Robert Adler and Eugene Polleymenemukan television remote. Its real purpose is to avoid the ads. Well fortunately there are those ya: D

1975 - Larry Weber a scientist from the University of Illinois began designing a color plasma display. but the history does not end here only ..

1979, the Company created a kodak OLED (organic light emitting diode), the same year Walter Spear and Peter Le Comber makes LCD thin film of material transfer light.

1981, a television station NHK in Japan demonstrated a new history which HDTV technology.

1995 - Still remember the Larry Weber, the year he succeeded mengelesaikan plasma screen project. He created a more stable plasma screens and brilliant.

2000 years old and above, product Pengembanga LCD, Plasma and even CRT. And following the historical development of digital television.

History of the Internet

Here's the history of the emergence and development of the internet. History of the Internet began in 1969 when the Department of Defense, the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) decided to conduct research on how to connect a computer to form an organic network. This research program known as the ARPANET. In 1970, already more than 10 computers were successfully connected to each other so that they can communicate with each other and form a network.

In 1972, Roy Tomlinson managed to complete the e-mail that he was created a year ago for the ARPANET. E-mail program is so easy that instantly became popular. In the same year, was also introduced as an icon @ important symbol that shows the "at" or "on". In 1973, ARPANET computer network were developed outside the United States. Computer University College in London, was the first computer that is outside the United States who are members of Arpanet network.

In the same year, two computer experts that Vinton Cerf and Bob Kahn presented a bigger idea, which became the forerunner of the Internet thinking. This idea was presented for the first time at the University of Sussex.

Historic day following the date of March 26, 1976, when the Queen of England managed to send an e-mail from the Royal Signals and Radar Establishment at Malvern. A year later, more than 100 computers on the ARPANET joined to form a network or network. In 1979, Tom Truscott, Jim Ellis, and Steve Bellovin, created the first newsgroups called USENET. In 1981 France Telecom created a buzz by launching the first television telephone, where people can call each other while dealing with the video link.

Because the computers that make up the network increasingly, it needed a formal protocol that is recognized by all networks. In 1982 established the Transmission Control Protocol or TCP and Internet Protocol or IP that we know it all.

Meanwhile in Europe appear counter computer network known as Eunet, which provides computer network services in the countries of the Netherlands, England, Denmark and Sweden. Eunet network providing e-mail and USENET newsgroups.

For a uniform address existing computer network, then in 1984 introduced the domain name system, which we are now familiar with DNS or Domain Name System. Computers connected to the already existing network of more than 1000 computers more. In 1987 the number of computers connected to the network soared 10-fold manjadi 10,000 more.

In 1988, Jarko Oikarinen of Finland discovered and simultaneously introduce the IRC or Internet Relay Chat. A year later, the number of interconnected computers soared 10-fold return in a year. No fewer than 100,000 computers are now forming a network. 1990 is the year of the most historic, when Tim Berners Lee to find a program editor and a browser that can roam from one computer to another computer, which form a network. The program is called www, or Worl Wide Web.

In 1992, the computers that are connected to form the network has exceeded a million computers, and in the same year the term surfing the internet. In 1994, the website has grown to 3000 pages address, and for the first time in a virtual-shopping or e-retail surfaced on the internet. The world changed. In the same year, Yahoo! was founded, which is also well-born Netscape Navigator

Understanding the Internet

Internet can be interpreted as a broad and large computer networks of the world, which connects computer users from one country to other countries around the world, which included a variety of information resources from a static to a dynamic and interactive.

Benefits of the Internet

In general, there are many benefits to be gained if a person has access to the internet. Following is a portion of what is available on the internet:

1. Information for private life: health, recreation, hobbies, personal development, spiritual, social.

2. Information for professional life / worker: science, technology, trade, stocks, commodities, business news, professional associations, business associations, various communication forums.

One of the most interesting is the membership internet knows no national boundaries, race, economic class, ideology or other factors that normally inhibit exchange of ideas. The Internet is a global community that is very democratic and have a code of ethics that all members are respected. Benefits of the Internet mainly obtained through collaboration between individuals or groups without limits of distance and time. To further improve the quality of human resources in Indonesia, Indonesia's time professionals utilizing the Internet and become part of the world information society.