History of Animation Film

Animation simply we can say an illustration or image that is printed in the frame-by-frame. Each frame has a different picture (almost identical) to each other so that if the projected (moving quickly) creates the illusion of moving images. Development of animation techniques from time to time so fast. Since the beginning of the first makers to draw directly on the frame animated films to date have been using digital technology. Of animated two-dimensional (2-D), and stop-motion animation, has now developed into a three-dimensional digital animation (CGI). Limitation of animated films are also increasingly "fuzzy" because the animation technique is now commonly used as visual effects for films non-animated, as we often see in science fiction movies and fantasy.

Animation is also often referred to as the genre attribute. Animation is not a genre but rather a technique. Animated films have a range of stories and area wide genre, such as drama, science fiction, war, fantasy, horror, musicals, until the epic history. Although it can be enjoyed by all people, animated films are also identical as children's entertainment films because in fact most of the films produced is intended for children. In some cases such as in Japan, for example, also produced animated films for adult audience segments.

Early Development of Animation

Since the initial discovery of cinema, filmmakers have used animation techniques to produce visual effects, such as explosions, rockets and other flying objects in their films. The first short animated film filled with standard film format recorded was Humorous Phases of Funny Faces (1906) produced by the American newspaper cartoonist, J. Stuart Blackton. The animated film depicts a middle cartoonist drawing faces on a chalkboard. In the European region Fantasmagorie short animated film (1908) by the Frenchman Émile Cohl listed as one of the oldest animation films. While the first length animated film is El Apóstol (1917) work Quirino Cristiani, Argentine animator. Stop-motion animation "3-D" is first recorded The Grasshopper and the Ant (1911) and The Cameraman's Revenge (1911) paper Soviet animators Wladislaw Starewicz. In the period of the silent film, animated films developed so rapidly in almost all countries in the world in Asia, Europe, and especially in America.

The first animated character who is very influential and successful is Gertie, the Brontosaurus in Gertie the Dinosaur (1914) that the film contains images of 10,000 frames. The author is a renowned comic animator of the New York Herald, the Winsor McCay. Several years later a popular character, Felix the cat works animator Otto Messmer, first appeared in the film Feline Follies (1919) and Musical Mews (1919). Cats superstar appeared in hundreds of films in the next decade and recorded a first successful animated character into merchandise. The Last Life (1928) was recorded as the last animated film Felix whose popularity has declined since the advent of sound technology and superstar compete with Walt Disney, Mickey Mouse. While the legendary animator Walt Disney during the silent film era has been successfully recorded with Alice and Oswald cartoon series, The Rabbit.

Early in the Age of Animation Film Talk

Arrival of sound technology in the late 20s decade of increasingly support the development of film animation. In 1928, Ub Werks, Disney studio animators developed a new character as a competitor to the character Felix The Cat. Popular animated character, Mickey Mouse first appeared in Plane Crazy (1928) and followed Steamboat Willie (1928). In Steamboat Willie, Mickey character has appeared with his partner Minnie, who voices both filled by Walt Disney. Steamboat Willie was also recorded as the first animated film to use sync sound. This film is a landmark for the development of successful animated films as well as trigger the rat character afterwards. In a further development of Walt Disney developed into the most successful pioneer studio producing animated films.

Disney is not inferior to some other competitors studios helped develop some of the character animations are still unknown until now. Fleischer Brothers were responsible for four brothers who popularized popular characters such as Bimbo, Betty Boob, until Popeye. The sexy Betty Boob became popular in the film Silly Scandals (1931), but after his success with some of these characters start to fade after the advent of the film censors. While the character Popeye first appeared together in the Betty Boop Popeye the Sailor (1933). Since 1938, Popeye replace Mickey Mouse as the most popular character in American animation that last up to two decades. Fleischer Brothers with DC Comics and later, also pioneered the popular superhero animated film, Superman (1941) were followed by dozens of other series.

Animation Film at the Golden Period Classical Era

In addition to success with a series of Mickey Mouse, Disney also had great success with the Silly Symphony cartoon series. His first series was Skeleton Dance (1929) and then continued up to 70 more episodes until 1939. During this decade Silly Symphony series also successfully won seven Oscar for best animated short category. Flowers and Tree (1932) was the first Oscar winner for the Disney studio and recorded as the first animated film to use the technology of three color (Technicolor). The most popular series was The Three Little Pigs (1933) with his hit song Who's Afraid of the Big Bad Wolf?. In the 30's era is also popular other Disney icons began to appear, ie, Pluto, Goofy, and Donald Duck.

Walt Disney grabbed the glory at the end of the decade of the 30s to the 50s through dozens length animated film. Disney started the barrage of success through animated classic, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937) which was recorded as a printer of the biggest advantages in a release. The film is a blend of romance, fantasy, and this musical a basic formula for the classic Disney films that followed, such as Pinocchio (1940), Bambi (1942), Cinderella (1950), Alice in Wonderland (1951), and Sleeping Beauty (1959 ). Disney also did a major breakthrough in films that time, the Fantasia (1940) which is a harmonious blend of classical music with animation.

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Warner Bros. studio. (WB) with a team of animators, Isadore "Friz" Freleng, Bob Clampett, Chuck Jones and Tex Avery, competing with Disney through a series of cartoons that extreme, brutal, and "sadistic" which is intended for mature audiences through a series of Looney Toons and Happy Harmonies. Through this series of icons like Porky Pigs cartoon classic, Bugs Bunny, Elmer Fudd, Duffy Duck, Sylvester, Tweety, Speedy Gonzales, Road Runner, Coyote began to emerge. Mel Blanc also known as the voice of almost all of the WB cartoon icon. While other WB cartoon characters eccentric, the Pink Panther emerged in the early decades of the 60's.

Meanwhile MGM studio with William Hanna and Joseph Barbera became a serious rival Disney and WB through its popular cartoon series, Tom & Jerry. The two characters first appeared in Puss Gets the Boot (1940). This movie success continued until the next two decades that produced by more than one hundred titles. Cat and mouse character is able to break the dominance of Disney with an Oscar (best short animation) more than the other cartoon series. In the decade of the 40s, there were only five films which won the Oscar, Yankee Doodle Mouse (1943), Mouse Trouble (1944), Quiet, Please! (1945), The Cat Concerto (1946) and The Little Orphan (1948).

At this period of stop-motion animation techniques also pioneered popular by Ray Harryhausen, who also dubbed the father of stop-motion animation. This technique is commonly used as visual effects in science fiction films to portray the character of giants, monsters, aliens, and so forth. Ray became involved with the production of stop-motion animation on Mighty Joe Young (1949), and his name became known after working in successful films such as Earth vs. The Flying Saucers (1956), The 7th Voyage of Sinbad (1958), Mysterious Island (1961), as well as Jason and the Argonauts (1963). Ray was involved in the production of stop-motion animation to early 80s.

In the era of the late 60's to mid 80's animated film barely experienced significant development. Disney throughout this decade only two animated films put out second grade, such as The Aristocats (1970), The Rescuers (1977), to Tron (1982). Sensor system that began to fade in the early decades of the 60's also have an impact on animated films as seen in the works of Ralph Bakshi. One direction, Fritz the Cats (1972) is the first animated film to get a rating X. This movie is about a cat who likes sex and drugs. Bakshi also produce unique themed animated fantasy, Wizard (1977) and The Lord of the Rings (1978).

Developments in the Era of 80's to Now

In the era of the late 80's to mid 90's Disney finally returned victorious with conventional animated films such as the classic era. Beginning with the story of mermaids, The Little Mermaid (1989) were a tremendous success so that the animation studio to produce a kind of more excited. Phenomenal success continues through animated films such as The Beauty and the Beast (1991), Alladin (1992), The Lion King (1994), Pocahontas (1995), and Mulan (1998). In addition to commercial success, The Beauty and the Beast was also listed as the first animated film nominated for an Oscar for best film. While The Lion King at his time listed himself as the best-selling animated film in history. Since the digital era dominated, the popularity of traditional Disney animation goes down. Noted Home on the Range (2004) is a 2-D movie produced last Disney.

Also shown admirable achievement comedy Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988) that is able to combine animation with real action decisively. The film features almost all of the icons either Disney cartoon classic era, WB, and MGM. Stop-motion animation techniques are still an option apparently also proven by the success of the film The Nightmare Before Christmas (1993), James and the Giant Peach (1996), Chicken Run (2000), as well as Wallace & Gromit: The Curse of the Were-Rabbit ( 2005). 2-D animation is also apparently still promises through the adaptation of the television cartoon series like Southpark: Bigger, Longer, and Uncut (1999), Pokemon The Movie (1999), The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie (2004) and The Simpsons Movie (2007).

Digital engineering (CGI) in the mid 90's finally starting to take over conventional animation techniques with a very impressive graphical achievement. CGI was already commonly used for visual effects films of non-animated, like Terminator 2 (1991) and Jurassic Park (1993). Powered by the animation studio Pixar, the CGI technology began to dominate the market of animated films produced in this decade to the next. In collaboration with Disney, Pixar Toy Story through a successful start (1995) which is a milestone in the history of animation in the digital age. Disney-Pixar collaboration continued through successful films of such high quality, Toy Story 2 (1999), Monsters Inc.. (2001), Finding Nemo (2003), and The Incredibles (2004). In 2006, Disney bought Pixar and proven success with subsequent films such as Ratatouille (2007), as well as new and Wall-E (2008). Become a serious rival studio Dreamworks Shrek Disney through (2001) and its sequel Shrek 2 (2004) is so phenomenally successful. Studio 20th Century Fox was also successful through the Ice Age (2002) with its sequel, Ice Age 2: The Meltdown (2006).

In the development of animated film production recorded a few abroad that enough to attract attention. Though not able to compete commercially with animated films American production but they show something different and be able to compete in the prestigious Academy Awards class. After the international success through Princess Mononoke (1997), Japanese animated films (anime) finally won an Oscar through a unique adventure fantasy film, Spirited Away (2002). Unique animated films French production also received high recognition in the same event, such as The Triplets of Belleville (2003) and Persepolis (2006). In future developments it animated films American production will still continue to dominate the world market. Movies traditional 2-D animation slowly but surely disappearing replaced by 3-D animated film of the higher quality.