History of Jakarta

Jakarta's history began in a small port at the mouth of the Ciliwung River about 500 years ago. For centuries this port city later developed into a commercial center bustling internal. Initial knowledge about Jakarta raised slightly through the various inscriptions found in the area of ​​the airport. Description of the city until the arrival of the early European explorers could say very little.

European authors report the 16th century mentions a city called Kalapa, which seems to be the main airport for a Hindu kingdom called Sunda, Padjadjaran its capital, located about 40 kilometers inland, close to the town of Bogor now. The Portuguese is a large group of people-the first Europeans to come to the airport Kalapa. The city was then attacked by a young age, named Fatahillah, from a neighboring kingdom with Kalapa. Fatahillah to rename Sunda Kalapa Jayakarta on June 22, 1527. This date is now celebrated as the birth of the city. The Dutch came in the late 16th century and then master the Jayakarta.

Jayakarta name was changed to Batavia. Batavia natural state swampy similar to the Netherlands, their homeland. They also build canals to protect from the threat of flooding Batavia. City government activities centered around the field, located about 500 meters from the city. They built elegant town hall, which is the position of the center of the city government of Batavia. Batavia city eventually developed to the south. Rapid growth resulted in a state of rapid lilngkungan damaged, forcing the Dutch authorities to move the center of government activity higher lying areas. This region is called Weltevreden.

WATCHING the city is like reading a long record of events of the past record. Various buildings and environments in Jakarta store traces its people traveling, how do they behave the challenges of his time, meeting their needs and adjust to the environment. It preserves the joys and sorrows and bitter-sweetness of the development, where we can absorb valuable lessons. Jakarta, capital of Indonesia, has many historical recordings. Among others, in the form of buildings and the environment. It is reflected in the efforts of the past in building the city did not escape from the problems of the ages.

"If we look at the city now, may be difficult to imagine that thousands of years ago this area was newly formed from silt the rivers that flow into Jakarta. For example Ciliwung River, Angke, Marunda Kali, Kali Cisadane, Great Kali, Kali Kali Bekasi and Citarum. Jakarta plateau age is now estimated at 500 years based on geomorphology, the science of soil layers. This sediment plains formed by streams that resemble a fan. This plateau after steady gradually inhabited settlements and formed several groups, one of which developed into major ports, "said Muhammad Isa Ansyari SS, leading historian in the Department of Culture and Museum Jakarta Government.

He says the city is a thriving city with a rapidly since got the role as the capital of Rl. Developments that are caused by social factors, economics and culture intertwined with each other. Starting from a small residential neighborhood with limited life activities, and then evolve into mega residential neighborhood with a variety of activities that amatkompleks. In the history of exposure to growth, where the city government after another and people are very diverse conditions, both of ethnicity, race and religion as the various aspects of their lives, their population remains habitable building where they lived and in accordance with the funding capacity, power and technology at their disposal .

Jakarta History

1897 map of Batavia, Muhammad Isa Ansyari SS revealed the city history begins with the establishment of a settlement at the mouth of the Ciliwung. According to the news of the Kingdom of Portugal in the early 15th century, the settlement was named "Kalapa" and is an important airport under the control of the Kingdom of Padjadjaran, whose center was at that time located in the city of Bogor.

"In the Kingdom of Padjadjaran, Bogor, it is still contained the inscription relics of the 16th century. Stele name" Sato Write "Void Watu Kencana Rahyang relics, but by Europeans Bandar is better known as Sunda Kalapa, because it was under the rule Sunda, "said Muhammad Isa Ansyari SS. In history, says Leading Historian of Culture and Museum OIC Jakarta's local government, Bandar Malacca Empire conquered Portugal in 1511. Portugal purpose when it is looking for the sea route to reach the islands of Maluku, source of the spice. Then in 1522 the ship this down messengers of Malacca under the leadership of Francesco De Sa.

Francesco De Sa reportedly occurred Bandar Kalapa talks with leaders who are under the rule of King Sundanese Hindu. Meanwhile in Javanese Majapahit Empire Tengan with reflux develops in the Islamic kingdom of Demak. Islamic empire was then attacked the Kingdom of Sunda in West Java encompass Cirebon, Banten, Kalapa and others. Given the lack of original sources in Central Java tnengenai that event, then we are forced to turn to the news of the Kingdom of Portugal, which in turn is not only anchored in Maluku but also the Kingdom of Portugal merapatdi East Timor, stating that in 1526-1527 a Portuguese fleet has visited Sunda Kalapa perfanjian meets the year for 1522.

"Apparently they do not know that there has been a shift in power from Padjadjaran kingdom to kingdom of Banten, the people of Central Java are Muslims. Ivlenurut news that they can, given the name Pangtima is Falatehan, their designation to the name Fatahillah," said Muhammad Isa Ansyari SS.

Prehistoric Period

In some places like Pasar Minggu Jakarta, Pasar Rebo, Djatinegara, Rubber, Kebayoran, Kebon Sirih, Kebun Nanas, Cawang, Kebun Pala, Rawa Belong, lefe Swamp, Swamp bangke, discovered prehistoric objects such as axes, pickaxes, drill , and the chisel of the stone. Such tools from the Stone Age or Neolithic era between 1000 BC. So, at that time there was no human life in Jakarta.

"And as latnnya area, in Jakarta also found inscriptions. Tugu inscription found in Cilineing. Inscriptions loaded with information about the kingdom of King Purnawarman Tarumanegara. According to the inscription, Jakarta is the Kingdom Tarumanegara, the oldest kingdom in Java Puiau, in addition to Bogor, Banten , Bekasi to the east and the Citarum Giaruten, "said Muhammad isa Ansyari SS.

Chronology of Significant Events

At 686 AD. Tarumanegara kingdom was destroyed by the armies of the kingdom of Srivijaya attack. 14th century, Jakarta enter the Kingdom often disebtit Pakuan Padjadjaran Kingdom of Padjadjaran, or the Kingdom of Sunda. Padjadjaran kingdom memiiiki six petabuhan, including port of Sunda Kalapa. This port city is located in Jakarta Bay - at the mouth of the river Citiwung - which is the most important trading center seiak 12th century until the 16th.

Monday, August 21, 1522. So important, Sunda Kalapa not escape from the target orana since in 1511 the Portuguese were already entrenched on the mainland of Malacca. Their desire to get a good reception from the King Pajajaran. In addition to concern about the trade, King Padjadjaran also intends to ask for the help of the Portuguese in the face of the people of Islam, which has many followers in Banten and Cirebon. Demak, at that time, has become the center of power and the spread of Islam.

The cooperation agreement was signed between the King and the Portuguese Padjadjaran. Ditzinkan contents Portuguese fort in Sunda Kalapa established, which is marked by the river Ciliwung. Wednesday, June 22, 1527. The agreement is unacceptable Demak, the Islamic Empire which at that time was at the peak of glory.

"Sultan of Demak sends his hosts, led by the son, Fatahillah. Forces managed to occupy the Sunda Kalapa Fatahillah in 1527. Fleet When Portugal came, Fatahillah menghaneurkannya forces. Vain to leave the Portuguese fleet of Malacca," said Muhammad Isa Ansyari SS. With the victory Fatahillah menggantt name to Jayakarta Sunda Kalapa. It means "Victory Berjaya." That historic event defined as 'the jadl' City of Jakarta. Jayakarta power ultimately lies in the hands of Fatahillah, and now extended to become the Kingdom of Islamic Banten.

In 1595. Cornells de Houtman and his men arrived in the waters of Banten. Dutch people came in search of spices. Competition between them tighter spiced hostility. Wednesday, March 20, 1602 a token and statesmen of the Netherlands, van Johati Oldenbarneveld, took an initiative of the Dutch traders gather in a container. Stand trade unions Verenigde Oost Indische Compaqnie or VOCs. VOC is a conglomerate of old container.

In 1617. The people of the Netherlands were allowed to trade in Jayakarta. They acquire a plot of land to the east of the Ciliwung river, in the township of China. There they build a fort and offices. Stronghold of the Kingdom of the Netherlands was not liked Jayakarta, Banten and the British Empire. They then fought.

In 1619. Triangle fierce fighting between the Kingdom of the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and the Kingdom of Portugal in the port of Sunda Kalapa. Atmosphere Bay Jayakarta it overnight into a red fire and blood red. At sea bay many soldiers sprawled bodies of the Netherlands and the Kingdom of Portugal after both countries the royal naval forces pounded out the British Empire. Britain won the war.

Thursday, May 30, 1619, JP Goen conquered Jayakarta back once mastered. When the fleet of the British Empire no longer exists because it has set sail for Australia, leaving Jayakarta. Medium fleet (Kingdom of Portugal went to the sea to the eastern end of the archipelago, specifically in East Timor.

"Jayakarta in that year entered a new chapter. Jayakarta changed name Kingdom of the Netherlands to Batavia. Batavia name is derived from the name Batavieren, Europeans who become fathers of the Kingdom of the Netherlands," said Muhammad Isa Ansyari SS.

VOC Batavia initially made as a center of commerce and government. With the expertise of the Compagnie through political intrigue and provoke or cfewtte et impera against the kings of the archipelago. throughout the archipelago. Glory had lasted long enough. In 1798. VOC fell and dissolved. Power, property and debts yartg 134.7 million guilders taken over the Royal Netherlands Government. Wednesday, January 1, 1800, Indonesia has since been ruled directly by the Government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. An assembly for Asian affairs and established colonies. However, beginning in March 1942, Japan seized control of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in World War 2. Batavia name of the Imperial Japanese army buried. And, the name Jakarta replaced until now.