History of Toxins

Toxins has been known since the time of Ancient. Hunted animals die from poison arrows smeared. Too many events, people die from poisoning. Even in Indonesia, human rights activist Munir also believed to have died of poisoning. How history poison? In English, the poisons are called toxins. The word is derived from the Greek term 'toxicon' which refers to poison arrows.

The early history of the poison, as written in wikipedia, is closely associated with myths and beliefs. 2500 BC, the Sumerians worshiped a goddess known toxin called sugar. a Greek mythology, there are few references on poisons, among which are kosah about Medea, granddaughter of Helios (the sun god). Medea wanted to kill her stepson, Theseus with wine toxin. but, the effort was thwarted by Aegeus, Medea husband. The oldest writings about the toxins found in Egypt and dates to the years around 3000 BC and documents about the poisonous plant research conducted by Menes, the king of Egypt.

In the history of Greece, the poison has been used as a so-called death penalty Country or State Poison Poison. One of the philosophers who ever put to death in this way is a Socrates. During the reign of the Roman Empire, poisoning at dinner time, especially among the upper classes became commonplace. [5] This is one way to get rid of family members who are not favored, as he had done by the 246-year Nero. in BC, Chinese developed a ritual drama called Chou, in which there are 5 kinds of ritual burning poison.

Entering the Middle Ages, in the year 8 AD, the toxin developed because Arab chemists managed to convert arsenic into powder which is odorless and tasteless so the detection of the toxin was difficult diketahui.Di that time, toxins commonly traded in pharmacies and obtained by the public with easy. A variety of academic texts about the poison was also written by the monks, one of which is The Book of Venoms (1424) by Magister Santes de Ardonis which contains toxins that are known at that time, the mechanism works, and how to cure.

In the 14th century and 15, Italian chemists trying to make poison stronger than ever and it spread from Italy to Paris.Usaha to restrict the sale of poisons made by Louis XIV in 1662 which introduced a rule banning pharmacies for selling toxic compounds, except to buyers who had registered their destination. In 1836 and 1841, Marsh and separately Riensch successfully developed a method for detecting arsenic so many people who commit crimes, especially murder by poison eventually be arrested. In the 20th century, the poison began to study to be used as a weapon. Also encourage the growth of the field of toxicology berkembangan control systems and the spread of toxic compounds. Not only in the archipelago, the use of poison has been widely applied to many centuries ago for a variety of purposes. Detikhealth revealed, some motive or purpose of use of toxins in the past include:

1. Get rid of opponents

In the Roman Empire, poison often used to kill political opponents, business competitors, or those who are considered dangerous. Because of the rampant practice of this dirty, poison scourge of the Roman Empire. And finally a dictator Lucius Cornelius reformers felt it needed a legal first in the world on a poison called Lex Cornelia.

2. Capital punishment

The use of injectable toxins for executions was implemented in some countries. The Greeks were the first to introduce the poison as a form of capital punishment. Ironically, Socrates was a great philosopher who undergo this execution. Unlike the death penalty in the modern era, Socrates 'requested' drank poison to end his life.

3. Motif Asmara

Suicide drinking poison insects because love is no longer a surprise. It could be the culprit inspired by the tragic story of Romeo and Juliet. Two lovebirds under the age of dying by drinking poison because her love was blessed each family.

4. Ritual

Since the period of 246 years before Christ, the Chinese have preserved the ritual drama called Chou. This ritual consists 6 using feather ceremonial dances accompanied by burning 5 types of toxins, which poison cinnabar or mercury, or arsenic realger, green vitriol or copper sulfate, lodestone and other toxins are not known.

5. Not Strong Bear the Shame or Defeat

In recorded history, narrated Queen Cleopatra of Egypt end his life by reaching into a nest of snakes poisonous. Cleopatra is the lover of Julius Caesar, the Roman leader. After Caesar died, he had a relationship with one of the later Roman leader, Mark Anthony.

Cleopatra accompany Anthony in battle in Greece. Unfortunately Anthony Roman defeat and went home to his country and then commit suicide. The Queen is also home to Egypt and followed her lover to the afterlife.