History of the Chinese state

China in whatever aspect has been the new post-Cold War world. Attention people of the earth on her. If we look at history, we will be able to understand, that the country's bamboo curtain has forged many upheavals in the past, heavy and threatening.

China is one of the oldest cultures in the world's history. From archaeological and anthropological discoveries, the area was inhabited by the Chinese since ancient humans 1.7 million years ago. Chinese civilization originated from the various city states along the Yellow River valley in the Neolithic era. China's written history began in the Shang Dynasty (ca. 1750 BC - 1045 BC).

History has proved that China is a nation-state are managed through various episodes of life, with a tragic ending and happy. Of a great nation, led by various dynasties, China had to pass first "period contempt" by European powers since the mid-19th century before finally "freed" by the communist forces under the leadership of Mao Zedong in 1949.

China in the Mao was China's' hate but misses "to both the United States and the Soviet Union - a foreign policy posture that led to China should isolate itself from the international community. Meanwhile, trouble of the people in the country peaked due Mao political adventure in the Great Leap Forward (1958-60) and the Cultural Revolution (1966-76).

China in the Mao is a socialist state in which the state plays a major role in economic development. In the industrial sector, for example, the government-owned companies produce more than 60 percent of the gross value of industrial production. In the urban sector, the government is the only agency authorized to set prices of key commodities, determine the distribution of investment funds, allocated energy resources, set wage labor, and control of financial policy and the banking system. Foreign trade system is also a monopoly of the government since the early 1950's.

Since Mao "went to Marx" in September 1976, China began to open itself and adopt open market reforms. Since 1978 the role of the central government under the leadership of Deng Xiaoping in regulating the dwindling economy, coupled with the growing role of both private companies and other market forces. As a result, China's economy shows an astonishing dynamism: between 1978 and 1995, China's contribution to world GDP increased from 5% to 10.9%. Although China is still relatively poor in the context of per capita income, this result has fueled speculation about the future of China. In fact there are observers who say that the success of China to not be sucked into the waves of the Asian economic crisis, the Chinese economy is expected to be able to match the United States in about 2015.

China enters the 21st century with the remnants of socialist ideology in one leg and endeavor to be one of world power other leg. If during Mao ruled China still apply autocratic rules, excessive cult figure heads of state, the rigid orthodoxy and isolationism, it is in the era of the 1990s and beginning of the 21st century is the Chinese government is faced with a much more educated population and could articulate themselves.

China's communist revolution that was adored (which is closely related to working-class radicalism, egalitarianism, and hostile alisme imperi-West) has been replaced by a modernized China, with an integrated capitalist industrial economy to the world, the application of the concept of democracy, and human resource development through the education system advanced. This is evidence of rejection in the name of modernization or revolution, in other words, the rejection of socialism in the name of capitalism.

The transition from a centralized socialist economy towards a free market economy is making the most of the living standard of the Chinese people has improved. It is therefore not surprising that prosperity is no longer a luxury item in China. Economic boom has brought great progress in living standards most urban Chinese. Although China is not necessarily soon will be free and open society, but restrictions on pop culture and other harmful things from the West have started deducting three quarter capitalism has further evidence that the stick nails in China.

The transition was also raises acute issues that must be addressed immediately. Kenneth Lieberthal, a sinolog from the University of Michigan, make a list of five tergawat problems facing China today: (1) reduction in the degree of environmental quality, (2) unemployment, (3) separatist conflicts that lead to disintegration, (4) China's participation in the WTO, and (5) the endemic corruption.

With regard to the latter issue, China realized that a political and social environment that is stable is a necessity for maintaining a healthy economic development, including the fight against corruption. This is why the Chinese government since the beginning of the reform has been committed to making economic development as the primary task and with it also struggling against corruption to ensure stability and promote reform and development.

Given the importance of China today in many fields, it is no exaggeration when it is stated that we need to look at how the development of culture and history to be as current as a valuable reflection. This book complements the history of China in Indonesian paper titled China's Nio Joe Lan Sepandjang Century. At least this work will facilitate sinologi scholars and the general public in the study of Chinese history.

History The band Evanescence

The band Evanescence is a rock band from Arkansas, United States. Founders originally as vokalist Amy Lee and Ben Moody as gitarist. Evanescence means berpudar. Evanescence's Amy Lee loved the name because tedengar mysterious and dark.

Evanescence success through debut album, entitled Fallen has been a lot of controversy following them. Departure of Ben Moody as the initiator founder of Evanescence, many people will think this band's career will be over. The Open Door who became her second album to be the answer that without Ben, Evanescence can succeed despite not segemilang the album Fallen. But underneath it all through both previous albums, there is one thing that is very worrying. What? Yes, what else if not a lot of personnel who leave and re-assembling the personnel raises teradi back. After the album The Open Door, the only remaining personnel Amy Lee and Terry Balsamo on guitar position where he previously just a backup charger. Terry himself who joined since 2003 helped the tour Evanescence Amy Lee, Anywhere But Home before becoming a permanent member in the year to date, as well as engaging the album The Open Door.

As if do not want to drown, Amy rose through the third studio album, Evanescence. With logo Evanescence writing that shines through the little white lights, surrounded by the blue and black colors seem dark, dark as if to show and confirmed that Evanescence will remain there and can not be underestimated by anyone, so this is the era of the rise of Evanescence. With the merger of three new personnel that Troy McLawhorn on rhythm guitar, Tim McCord on bass and last Will Hunt on drums for Evanescence has established drove past behind. With a wide range of personnel from backgrounds different bands that enrich this third album material.

Still rely on alternative metal genre, combined with elements of gothic rock but on this third album, musical composition and lyrics are offered to sound heavy, gloomy and dark, although same fleeting second album, but musically it has the feel of different music than her previous album , as well as multiple tracks with up-tempo rhythms adorn this album. With Amy Lee's vocals are very distinctive and charming, and seemed to 'haunt' who could refuse to hear "What You Want", which became the single track as well as the opening where Will Hunt played very hard on beating drums and distorted guitar accompaniment continues with strong , but it sounded catchy and easy to digest bring listeners to see what the current Evanescence. "Made of Stone" "The Change", "The Other Side" and "Sick" still sounds more dark and gloomy and suggests desperation.

How to track balladnya? "My Heart Is Broken" which opened with a piano intro bit deceptive where the twenty-second of continuing with a stomping drum beats, plus lyrics containing the despair of post left by his lover adding more value to this track. "Lost In Paradise" ballad track which at first glance reminiscent of "My Immortal" invites the listener to enjoy the powerful vocals Amy. Through the "Erase This" and "End Of The Dream", Evanescence tried playing with the shades up tempo, as well as "Never Go Back" sounds more metal. But listen to "Ocean" which is directly related to my ears seemed reminiscent of the tracks on the album Fallen "Whisper" and closed with "Swimming Home" ballad track which is very much different from track to track Evanescence most perfect dessert.

Different, yes a little different or maybe a lot if listeners can still expect Amy will continue to play as the two previous albums. Evanescence itself is the third album where it can also be said proyect idealist with Amy Lee of Evanescence band members post some others go. Although not much of anything new to offer, and with a little formula and adds a touch of rhythm hand some new personnel, at least this album is a form of waiting is worth the wait after a span of five years after the release of the album The Open Door. Nick Raskulinecz appointed to producers previously worked with Foo Fighters, Alice In Chains emphasized musicality that carried through the album Evanescence. Regardless of success or failure, Amy Lee and Evanescence proved that under any circumstances, Evanescence will still be there, and nothing prevents to keep moving forward.

History of Germany

Country Germany is a country located in Central Europe. Countries with a long history of this, on the west border with the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, and France. In the south by Switzerland and Austria. On the east by Czech and Polish. In the northern border with Denmark.

German territory 357,021 square kilometers and is influenced by a winter climate. With 82 million inhabitants, Germany merupakannegara diantaranegara most populous member states of the European Union and the third largest number of adalahtempat migraninternasional in the world.

Early History of the German Standing

Germany has a long history and unique state. Initially, the German form of German Unity. In 1871, Germany stands, the form of the German Empire. After World War II, the German Empire was divided into two countries, West Germany (Federal Republic of Germany) and East Germany (German Democratic Republic). Both countries have different ideologies. Since unification (unification) of West Germany and East Germany in 1990, Germany had its name officially known as the Federal Republic of Germany. At present, Germany consists of 39 sovereign federation. Berlin is the capital of the country.

Germany is considered as prehistoric period before the arrival of the Romans who then wrote the notes on the region. The historical record of the area now called Germany started since the reports about the Roman and Greek barbarians ("Berbers"), which inhabits the northern Alps. This period can be termed as the era protosejarah.

The era of history began in the 5th century, commonly called the Middle Ages by European historians. At this time, the stage of history dominated by a feudal federasilonggar variety known as the Holy Roman Empire, which stretched for nearly 10 centuries, from the 9th century until the year 1806. In its heyday, the empire's territory covers the territory of modern Germany, Austria, Slovenia, Czech, Polish western, eastern France, Switzerland, and the modern Italiautara. After the mid-16th century, when the nation lost a lot of non-German territories, the empire is referred to as the "Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation".

Napoleonic Wars changed the course of history, from the orientation of feudalism into a militaristic state, with the formation of the German Confederation in 1815-1866, in 1871-1918 the German Empire and the Weimar Republic in 1919-1933. After the reign of Adolf Hitler's Nazi Germany in 1933-1945 that brought the destruction of this nation in World War II, came the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) and the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) as a symbol of the Cold War, until German reunification in 1990.

History Of Bubat War

Bubat war is a war where King Pajajaran come to talk about the marriage of King Hayam Wuruk of Majapahit and Princess Diah Pitaloka of Pajajaran. Bubat war makes the controversial historical events between Sundanese and Javanese culture, and spawned a variety of prejudices between the two.

There are many important information is actually from the Song of Sunda if we analisia, this book is a reference source in addition to reinforcing the war Bubat Pararaton book, although the book is the official book of Negarakertagama Majapahit kingdom, which did not mention the great event.

Canto I of the hymn book Sunda mentioned the name of king Hayam Wuruk Majapahit kingdom, the name Hayam Wuruk was raised also by Pararaton book, this relation and why it is said that the Song of Sunda and Pararaton are 2 books that reinforce each other in the event of war Bubat. Very strange that the public receives the title king of Majapahit Sri Rajasanagara with Hayam Wuruk, Hayam is a word that has meaning Sundanese Chicken, was Wuruk same in Sundanese word that has meaning more towards whiz whiz fights. This is great to promote the book so that the name Hayam Wuruk Pararaton as if the correct name designations or call and not half-hearted name of a great king of Majapahit empire. Even the government admits this title.

Other information like things are impossible, not in logic and mysticism, such as this excerpt:

"So he (red-Gajah Mada) impose any upakara (equipment) and do yoga samadhi ceremony. Thereafter he disappeared (moksha) invisible toward nothingness (noetic)"

The Song of Sunda views of the entire contents of a narrative for a story, more towards fantasy fiction means there is a utopian imaginary of the creator of the events narrated. Of course, the truth of history to narrative is highly doubtful there may be no historical value, may also take Bubat war is only engineered to follow the story before, because the Song of Sunda is diterbitan after the first book containing similar incidents of the war which first published Bubat Pararaton book.

Well in the case of initidak deepened further on the authenticity, the truth or falsity of the Song of Sunda and Pararaton, but rather focus analyzing the content presented by the Song of Sunda on events perng Bubat, let's look at the passage from the Song of Sunda:

Excerpts most of the Song of Sunda (translation) Canto I:

"So Madhu took the letter back to the Majapahit king Sunda reply and tell their arrival. Soon they departed with innumerable accompaniment. There are two hundred small boats and the total was 2,000 ships, small boats following. Junk boat. It is possible to board the Sundanese party of this kind. But when they boarded the ship, terlihatlah bad foreshadowing. The ship that rides the King, Queen and Princess of Sunda is a "junk Tatar (Mongolia / China) as widely used since the war Wijaya." (Verse 1. 43a.) ".

Important information obtained from a passage the Song of Sunda on one of them is on the fleet of the Kingdom of Sunda Galuh group, consisting of 200 pieces of small size vessels, the total fleet of about 2,000 boats comprised mostly of large number of vessels in plus sizes 200 ships in a small size.

Arithmetical simple, if we let 1 piece boat load average or carried a crew of 10 men, mean number of entourage around 20,000 people, this amount is too much to overdose or a wedding. Imagine further that the charge in 1 piece minimum boat crew transporting an average of 20 people, the group number can reach about 40,000 people, and it's also not a small amount, that amount was enough for a plan of attacking or invading a country or other kingdoms at that .

Sunda land sailing trip from the east end to Java using boats, certainly not the kind of small boats are used. These boats should be able to accommodate the number of personnel or the crew of more than 30 people in 1 boats, if counted again and summed average of 1 piece boat load crew of 30 people, the total number will reach a total range of more than 60,000 people, enough fantastic and ideal for a plan of attack, as well as the Majapahit kingdom incinerated in fact they were busy outside the territory invaded his kingdom.

Maritime technology or boat building technology, and then adapted to the presence of a future work Sunda Galuh perdamainya hundreds of years, of course, boat building and technology will be possible, it could be the result of buying from other countries as it is revealed that the large boats used are similar to boats attacked a Mongol army during the reign of the kingdom of Kediri Jayakatwang, even had close relationship with the history of the famous kingdom of Srivijaya maritime having superior technology, plus sufficient funding to purchase or make it a ship or boat.

Javanese tradition or wherever in marriage, men who have come to the bride, not the opposite. If Galuh Sunda king and his army on the story of the Song of Sunda is said to feel insulted as an excuse to go to war at the time, to be told that they must be defeated militarily and was asked by Gajah Mada, then logically the actual sense it was impossible, that the reason such It means from the beginning he was humiliating himself by coming escort the princess bride Citraresmi as king of Majapahit Hayam Wuruk (or Sri Rajasanegara), the story is a paradox, of course, unacceptable. While it is possible in certain areas or special conditions exist such that the candidate is the wife who came to the man but it can not be called a general truth.

In the Song of Sunda is also discussed about the Gajah Mada was blamed by the senior (Daha and Territory authorities Kahuripan) dikeraton Majapahit kingdom merpakan Hayam Wuruk uncle, when the end of the war Bubat, but why in the book of hymns Sunda Sunda stated that among the leaders Galuh including the murdered king, that they (the seniors) did. When the incident took place, something that no one else is singkron Hayam Wuruk participate in that war. Here too realistic, clearly the fantasy of the author, in fact any real war could kill each other not only with a magnifying magnifying, ordinary soldier can kill a king, or it could be they were not killed immediately but because of a long-distance arrow or spear.

Although there were no sentimental side of the Sunda Song said that regrets the death of Hayam Wuruk Dyah Citraresmi narrated Pitaloka or suicide. Yet such a death for those who are frequently at war is something common especially the teachings espoused enables the wife or the family or the husband sacrifices himself after his parents passed away, or is it humanity though war is an option, seeing thousands of people drifting soul, certainly as all warriors tribute to it themselves or the other party with a sense of deep sorrow.

In the Song of Sunda is also explained there envoy to the kingdom of Majapahit Galuh Sunda, who narrated and explained the purpose of bringing the king Hayam Wuruk to apply for a royal princess. The analysis was possible for the current event or events coming messenger of Majapahit, is that it's actually Majapahit kingdom envoy envoy to ask the king Sunda kingdom to bow down and surrender Galuh below of the Majapahit kingdom, the pattern of the messengers as the usual things that one desires for empire have conquer another kingdom, a sort of warning not to attack suddenly for no reason. In the end if acceptable means both sides come to terms with the conditions prescribed together, if instead the two sides have been preparing to go to war.

If the war had been intended by the King of Sunda Galuh, the question is why pramesuri and daughter participate palace. It is easy to answer, on the assumption that long trip, a planned military operation off the ground Sunda to Majapahit at least take a long time. Certainly there are major vessels convenient for them, the ship-ship was certainly able to perform activities of members of the royal family were not disturbed by the course of the war the condition of the soldiers, the other, can be made as comfortable as possible.

Their participation in the course of the fighting are common, like the Mongols who travel (long march) to other countries, they often bring along their families, as well as they can be used in preparation for a religious ceremony before the start of the war and so forth. In certain times may be to motifator for the troops and the king, adding to the spirit of combat soldiers.

Number of about 2000 pieces of the ship is an exceedingly grandeur, it makes sense for Galuh Sunda kingdom prosperous and extensively large territory, wants to show the superiority of the economy and their financial capabilities. Great army led by the king of Sunda Galuh it is natural, a combination of the colonies, the areas of power subordinate kingdoms Galuh Sunda kingdom at that time. That number is the sum of the combined army and certainly no confidence of their army defeated the Majapahit kingdom pasukanya most likely still come out on an expedition or invasion of the country or territory to the other kingdoms.

Other historical sources to support the story of the war Bubat Pararaton book (Book of the Kings), which is one excerpt of the event include:

"The Sundanese will present the king's daughter, but was not allowed by the noble lords, they are able to fall on the field of battle in Bubat, will not give up, will risk his blood."

Excerpts above provide information that the notice of the King of Sunda Galuh to the nobles, the daughter of the king of delivery options as an offering to the King of Majapahit. The nobles refused that option before, this means that the theory of planned submission or the motorcade to escort the princess to be married to the king of Majapahit Hayam Wuruk it never happened, that there was a king and his princes Sunda Galuh kerajaanya agreed to declare war on Majapahit. The conclusion that can be drawn is that this war was planned before, was chosen area Bubat is because the location and selection of their strategies they already charge for attacking or invading the kingdom of Majapahit.

Excerpts from the book Pararaton:

"Willingness noble nobleman blood flow, leading to the parties who are eager Sunda, was to: Disallow Court, Sohan Lord, Lord Gempong, Panji Melong, the people of Tobong Goods, Rangga Cahot, God Guts, God Sohan, People Pangulu, People Only , Rangga Kaweni, People Siring Satrajali, Jagadsaja, all Sundanese people cheered.

Mingled with the sound of bende, cheering hubbub was like thunder.

The King Maharaja had preceded fall, falling together with God Guts.

Majesty Parameswara headed to Bubat, he did not know that the Sundanese still many who do not fall, aristocratic nobles, leading their last strike, the Majapahit damaged.

As for the conduct of resistance and revenge, was to: Arya Sentong, Gowi duke, duke of Highways Lewih, Patih Teteg, and Jaran Baya.

All ministers araman was fought on horseback, terdesaklah Sundanese, and held a strike to the south and west, towards the Gajah Mada, each person who arrives upfront Sunda train, fall like an ocean of blood, carcass like a mountain, shattering the Sundanese people , no one was left behind, in saka: Nine Horses Wings Earth, or: 1279. "

Excerpts above as tit for tat, in tune or in accordance with the information provided regarding the number of the Song of Sunda Sunda kingdom Galuh troops in the war, with the scale of the number of troops enormous.

Additional information about the strengthening of the passage above bende statements that sound like the roar of cheers and fanfare, and also stated that the Sunda Galuh troops who died described the situation that the distribution of blood flow due to the many soldiers who died is like the ocean, dead bodies of human beings or forces such as mountains, and the total destruction without a trace.

If the number of bodies piling up small amounts and it is not such a death in the war era as it may be used, and often, because when troops attacked the empire of Genghis Khan Kwarizmi, a massacre can be outside the reach of millions of the human soul. It's said that time depiction of the situation, the decapitated head just at the time when digambarkankan hills forming the great pyramids, not bodies strewn and scattered everywhere. It was a terrible sight, but these historical facts and events can also occur at that time.

The question then is why the great army Galuh Sunda royal army can be defeated in the war, slaughtered out no trace. This is due to the hundreds of years Galuh Sunda kingdom never again fight in large scale and long, after a period of peace and prosperity-mas (10th century to 14th century AD), while it setatusnya great empire which was one of the superpowers Java ditataran even archipelago. The opposite condition for the kingdom of Majapahit troops at that time constantly making military invasions into other countries and that means always covered with war experience until then.

Majapahit troops at that time diasmunsikan still was keen to invade or expeditions to other countries, certainly most troops pasukanya no position empire. The logic of the amount of involvement at the time of Majapahit army itself is certainly reduced from the total amount of the overall work force, estimated at about 1/2 or 2/3 of the army Galuh Sunda kingdom is there. But with the number of such troops could defeat the Sunda Galuh, why? This is because the They are trained, accustomed, Forged and experienced in life during that war.

War scenario could be likened to three stages, namely:

Beginning of the war between the fleet sea, ocean fleet Majapahit troops were forced because of lack fleet, but that goal is not total war more toward disorder

War of the beach, here simply to weaken the royal troops Sunda Galuh because that can only be done by the Majapahit army can hold your arrows through the attack and that there is a limit supply of arrows, but is most effective in reducing the number of enemies.

Ground war going Bubat broad field, this is total war, with a variety of strategies, and a more dominant role in the war as it is the experience and strategy.

Gajah Mada and Hayam Wuruk have a prototype or a source of inspiration for a method of forming an army of war, from the Mongols to the warlord of the land at once Imparium Mongol emperor Genghis Khan ie, the Conqueror with kekaisarnya period also developed at that time as well, though at the time of their emperor Mongol held by his successors, namely I stroke Khan, is also a model for other countries around the world for an ideal unification of ethnic nations into a great nation.

The main idea or the idea of ​​unification was first pioneered by the Sri Rajasa Amurwabhumi (Ken Arok - Book Pararaton version of the name), founder of the dynasty Rajasa, which began as a sovereign duchy Tumapel, part of the kingdom of Kediri, then took over the kingdom of Kediri and form a new empire known by the name of kingdom Tumapel (Singhasari Pararaton book version). Death of the king of Sri Rajasa Tumapel with Genghis Khan's death in 1227 AD. The existence of the kingdom Tumapel already in the record of the Yuan Dynasty of China with sebutanatau chanting "Tu-ma-pen". This means that it has been done before trade relations between the kingdom archipelago with China region, and from this bleak world political map delivered to the archipelago.

King was a direct descendant of Majapahit dynasty Rasaja, whose founder is nothing more famous king Tumapel or designation Singhasari first, Sri Rajasa the Amurwabhumi. The idea or notion of territorial expansion Sri Rajasa then followed by the fourth derivative of the king Kertanegara, so more power Tumapel known as Singhasari at that time was widespread with the mission known as "Expedition Pamalayu".

The idea and the idea of ​​unification and expansion of the region is actually ultimately aims to counter the onslaught of great strength Mongol army itself, which is likely to lead to the southeast Asian region, without exception archipelago areas. The idea or the idea of ​​reunion was also made for the defense system and the formation of alliances or joint military troops throughout the kingdom in the archipelago facing major storm of the Mongol army.

Mongol armies devastated and could even slaughtered a number of troops that could be 5 times the amount pasukanya, this would yield fruit of their strategies and experience on land Mongol wars, wars between clans (tribes) led the They tested for the model of war as any.

So also in the army troops face the Sunda Galuh even brought so many soldiers, like a flood, maybe Majapahit troops collected only 30,000 to 45,000 people, but the position of the They who control the battlefield and experts from all wars, will easily make helter- Sunda Galuh devastated army formations.

War is definitely Bubat war is heroic and full of stories of heroism for both parties (if the assumption is really happening), because the evidence of inscriptions relic was never discussed about the heroism of war Bubat, logically, if it happens for a historical monument is established for both parties, because these events are not likely forgotten in the history of nationalities.

Majapahit troops would fight with proven strategies, while Sunda Galuh than strategies relying on the number of magnitude, although in the end there must be a defeat and surrender, Majapahit troops certainly will not receive, because it adopted a policy of war Genghis Khan, what the enemy struck first logic must be slaughtered if we are indeed in a war such emotions, events reversed if Majapahit troops if they are in a position to win, definitely turns Majapahit troops to be slaughtered.

But perhaps more striking is the nature of heroism Galuh Sunda troops themselves, who do not know the word surrender, they make war like a war models Puputan the war to the bitter end, in the spirit of war is blood sampa efflux alias autumn as a war hero.

Surely this heroic spirit of great pride and makes anyone touched including the opposition, and the tradition of war usually have a remarkable tradition of respect for the fallen opponent. That picture of king Hayam Wuruk who was touched by the conditions of such a war, saw heroism of all soldiers who died, including the entire royal family and the nobility.

Unlike the case when the king of Sunda Galuh escape from war, this course will mencedrai heroism that. War to the death will be the pride of the entire community as well Sunda Galuh at that time. Lost indeed but lost honorably and proud, there is no reason for them to feel humiliated or embarrassed.

If the method of war to the plenary by Majapahit troops, which is probably the kingdoms of the archipelago are treated equally well by such means is the total war to clean, terrorized in a similar way to the finish perfectly. It also, once again when it's in a state of war, for the They were declared not subject to and recognize the kingdom of Majapahit kingdom, so it is also fast in a short time and that cause can Nusantara kingdoms united and conquered.

What does the king of Sunda Galuh with an army is reasonable, as they try to defend themselves by attacking first kerjaannya, theories surprise attack, than they attacked first, but miscalculated and not endorsed or accompanied by troops of war experience.

At the end of the They had to admit defeat. The king Sunda Galuh along with the rest of the army and followers of Sunda kingdom Galuh into the fallen heroes who bravely face the risk of death as an end result in war.

Gajah Mada famous elite intelligence has named Bayangkara, which has telatih and educated nearly perfect, offensive information Sunda kingdom Galuh like this it would have been the They received earlier and prepared antisifasinya albeit with modest resources.

Mahapatih Gajah Mada, King Hayam Wuruk and military forces have to work hard and with a brilliant strategy for dealing with such a large number of enemies who, despite the victory achieved but the number of troops who survived only a few thousand people for sure.

After the war Bubat, the Majapahit Empire troops did not mobilize a large force to the center of the kingdom of Sunda Galuh after that win, it is because the calculations Galuh Sunda kingdom is no longer a force that can confront the future and they also need time to recover from induced by the great war.

The Song of Sunda stated Gajah Mada moksa (disappear swallowed by the earth in ways mystic), but in Negarakertagama of Gajah Mada was because he was already replaced uzhhur it time and enjoy the old times, and within its own Gajah Mada had had enough, what he helped forge the last with the royal army defeated a large army Sunda archipelago Galuh means all can be conquered, the conquest of a perfect journey.

Gajah Mada was 71 years old when finished serving Mahapatih in the kingdom of Majapahit in 1313 AD governor since he took office in Kediri kingdom, Majapahit kingdom subordinate to the year 1364 AD, accounting for 51 years shook it, plus he has served as a senior soldier Bayangkara squad leader, Assuming say 25-year mean age range of about 76 years, if only reasonable age Gajah Mada dies, or Gajah Mada with a man that age was older (red - aki-aki rempong), it is natural to retire and enjoy life let alone ideals and devotion is considered sufficient magnitude.

Hayam Wuruk when referring to the war years of the Book Pararaton Bubat the year 1357 AD, it is adjusted to the time served Hayam Wuruk reigned from the year 1334 until the year 1389 AD is calculated years earlier dinobatkannya called the young king, say age 10 at the time of annual , mean age at the time of the war Hayam Wuruk Bubat occurs is 33 years old and that age Hayam Wuruk is married and has a daughter aged 14 years who had an arranged marriage with a young cousin who will be king of Majapahit after the king Hayam Wuruk. Dyah Pitaloka rich offerings theory redundant, because the King King Galuh certainly do not want their children to be concubines were not lower crown.

Bubat war story is different from the stories that circulated in general. Wars between party candidates for the introduction of the royal princess bride Galuh Sunda to Majapahit king Hayam Wuruk. It is simply an analysis of the existence of the Song of Sunda is considered a reference to the event or events Bubat war.

The Song of Sunda itself as Sundayana Pararaton book and the book must be ensured to absyahannya, the truth content of the story. Because this history, not just stuck and glued to the story of the son of man, a certain group of people or parties that have an interest in not good for the nation of Indonesia, which later plot was considered a general truth. This means that we will be misguided and research the history of the Indonesian government alone should be responsible to straighten the truth of history, with a House of National History.

What I tell just based Asumi that if the war was really the case, please each dear readers to analyze their own book of Song of Sunda. Logic and conditions realistiklah that became the basis for the author.

One thing that so the big question in this Sunda hymn, the author does not mention the exact name prameswari and daughter of the king of Sunda Galuh Citraresmi or Dyah Pitaloka and even the name of the King of Sunda Galuh at that time was also not called, logically, those who authored the book (the book) Song of Sunda were those who were limited knowledge of history itself, or is it all fictional stories sebelumnyaan which Citraresmi daughter alone or Dyah Pitaloka Pararaton only exist in books, books that are considered true by the general public, even though the book is a lot of weirdness and Pararaton kebenarnya equally be proved.

History of The Zombie

Zombie is a term for the undead in the Voodoo belief system Creole and African-Caribbean. Zombie is the man with the spirit that had been stolen in a way supernatural or shamanic, and was employed as a slave who served the "zombie master" in the plantation areas. A more sinister version of zombies and humans like to eat often appointed as horror fiction.

"Zombi" is also the name for a voodoo snake god named Damballah Wedo Niger-Congo origin close to the word nzambi which in Congo means "god".

In 1937, Zora Neale Hurston researchers who conduct research folklore in Haiti find cases Felicia Felix-Mentor, who died at the age of 29 and was buried in 1907. The villagers believe that they often saw Felicia dead 30 years ago are still likes to hang around in the streets. The same case was also found in several others. Zora Hurston sought truth rumor says zombies are humans who have been given a concoction of drugs, but was unable to find anyone willing to open up about the secrets of the zombie.

Some twenty years later, an ethnobotany Canada named Wade Davis raised the matter from the point of view of pharmacology zombies in two books titled The Serpent and the Rainbow (1985) and Passage of Darkness: The Ethnobiology of the Haitian Zombi (1988). According to the research results Wade Davis while he was in Haiti in 1982, two types of ingredients included powdered drug into the blood stream (usually via an open wound) can transform the living into zombies.

The first drug powder called coup de poudre (French for "medicine attacker") that make human beings in a state of "like death" caused by tetrodotoxin dose. Tetrodoksin is a deadly poison that also contained fugu puffer fish and fish that are common food in Japan. Man given nearly lethal doses tetrodoksi (LD50 of 1 mg), may be in a state of near death for several days, but continues in the waking state. Herb medicine powder from the plant genus Datura both hallucinogens and make people have no will of its own. Wade Davis also explores the story of the Haitian people named Clairvius Narcisse who claimed never to be used as a zombie. Theory Wade Davis often treated with skepticism the story and the truth is often a source of debate. Voodoo belief still impenetrable secrecy foreign researchers, although some people Haiti acknowledged the existence of "zombie drug"

In the Middle Ages people believed the spirits of the dead could return to earth and haunt the living. According to the free Encyclopedia of Things that Never Were, corpses up from the grave (especially in France) usually come kill people for revenge. When night fell, at the tombs of wandering zombies or skeleton shaped bodies that have thin and weak. Norse (Scandinavian) familiar creature named Draugr corpse believed to be the knight who got up from the grave to attack the living.

In modern culture in the West, who first peel books zombie concept is the work of WB The Magic Island Seabrook published in 1929. Zombies often appear in horror films, television shows, video games, and role playing (RPG). Zombies are usually described as rotting corpses with low intelligence and stagger, but got a taste of human meat. In some cases, more zombies targeting the human brain to eat.

Before the 1950's, usually described as a corpse zombie brains are not controlled like a puppet master. The depiction of zombies in popular culture changed in 1954 with the publication of the book I Am Legend by Richard Matheson. The book tells the city of Los Angeles are blood-sucking creatures invaded a bacterial infection caused by a pandemic. The sole survivor of a pandemic must survive the onslaught of people who had been turned into a blood-sucking creature. Although similar to the vampire story, the plot is often used as the basis for the zombie-themed films produced in the future. Night of the Living Dead by George A. Romero is the first film to depict the modern zombie. Film The Last Man on Earth (1964), starring Vincent Price was also based on the story by Richard Matheson. Similarly, the film The Omega Man (1971), starring Charlton Heston, although this film has little resemblance to the original story.

The most common story plot revolves around the uncontrolled invasion of zombies. A group of survivors trying to stop the spread of zombies. As with many other horror stories, zombie story does not end happy end and there is always something remaining zombies. The origin of the zombie plague is usually in the form of radioactive contamination, toxic materials that make the brain dead, black magic, voodoo, aliens, viral infections and various other reasons.

In various works of fiction, zombies can infect healthy people through bites or scratches zombies. Zombie attack victims are usually killed instantly and turned into zombies. Zombies can be killed by cutting off the head or destroying the brain zombies. In some cases, the entire body must be destroyed if the zombies do not want zombie body parts that had broken moving steadily.