May Day was born out of the various series of working-class struggle to gain control of the political economy of industrial rights. The development of [capitalism] industry in the early 19th century marks a drastic change in political economy, especially in the capitalist countries of Western Europe and the United States. Pengintensifan tightening discipline and working hours, minimum wages, and poor working conditions at the factory level, gave birth to the resistance of the working class.
The first strike of the working class in the United States occurred in 1806 by workers Cordwainers. This strike brought the pengorganisirnya to court and also raised the fact that the working class in that era worked 19 to 20 hours a day. Since then, the struggle to demand direduksinya hours a shared agenda of the working class in the United States.
There are two people who thought to have contributed ideas to honor the workers, Peter McGuire and Matthew Maguire, a machine worker from Paterson, New Jersey. In 1872, McGuire and 100,000 workers went on strike to demand the subtraction of working hours. McGuire then went on to talk to the workers and the unemployed, lobbied city government to provide jobs and overtime pay. McGuire became known as "bullies peace of society".
In 1881, McGuire moved to St. Louis, Missouri and started to organize the carpenters. Finally erected a union consisting of carpenters in Chicago, with McGuire as Secretary General of the "United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America". The idea of organizing workers according to their area of expertise and then spread to the rest of the country. McGuire and workers in other cities planned day off for the workers in every first Monday in September between Independence Day and Thanksgiving Day.
On 5 September 1882, the first Labor Day parade was held in the city of New York with 20,000 participants were carrying banners inscribed with 8 hours of work, eight hours rest, 8 hours recreation. Maguire and McGuire play an important role in organizing the parade. In subsequent years, the idea spread and all states celebrate.
Pada1887, Oregon became the first state to make it a public holiday. In 1894. Presider Grover Cleveland signed a law that made the first week of September an official public holiday nasional.Kongres First International held on September 1866 in Geneva, Switzerland, attended by various elements of workers' organizations around the world. Congress establishes a requirement to reduce working hours to eight hours a day, the previous (still in the same year) was performed at the U.S. National Labour Union: As this limits the general demands of the working class represents the United States, the Congress changing demands of a common ground working class around the world.
One may set as the day the world working class struggle in Congress in 1886 by the Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Unions to, in addition to the demands of the moment eight hours a day, giving a new spirit of working class struggle that reached a massive in that era. May 1 was chosen because in 1884 [Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Unions were inspired by the success of the action of the workers in Canada in 1872 requires eight hours of work in the United States and enforced from 1 Mei1886.
Haymarket Events
Haymarket Events, Police fired on the demonstrators was followed by the resistance of the workers. On May 1, 1886, about 400,000 workers in the United States held a massive demonstration to demand a reduction in their working hours to 8 hours a day. The action lasted for four days from May 1.
On May 4, 1886. The protesters marched massive American Police then opened fire on the demonstrators so that hundreds of people were killed, and its leaders were arrested and then sentenced to death, the worker who died is known as a martyr. Before the events of May 1, in various countries, also occurs labor strikes to demand fairer treatment of the owners of capital.
World Socialist Congress
In July 1889, the World Socialist Congress held in Paris set the events in the U.S. on May 1 as a day of workers of the world and pass a resolution containing :: "A large international action should be organized on a particular day in which all countries and cities at a time Simultaneously, on a mutually agreed day, all the workers are demanding that the government is legally reduce working hours to 8 hours per day, and carry out all of the results of the International Labor Congress of the French. "
This resolution received a warm welcome from many countries and since 1890, the date of May 1, termed the "'May Day' ', celebrated by the workers in many countries, despite intense pressure from their government.
No comments:
Post a Comment