Events of 10 November is a historical event of war between Indonesia and the Netherlands. On March 1, 1942, Japanese troops landed on the island of Java, and seven days later, on March 8, the Dutch surrendered unconditionally to the Japanese. Since then, Indonesia was occupied by the Japanese.
Three years later, Japan surrendered unconditionally to the Allies after the dropping of the atomic bomb (the United States) in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The incident occurred in August 1945. Fill the vacancy, Indonesia then proclaimed independence on August 17, 1945. Before stripped by the allies, the people of Indonesia and the fighters attempted to disarm the Japanese troops. Thus arose the battles that claimed in many areas. When the movement to disarm the Japanese troops was raging, dated 15 September 1945, British troops landed in Jakarta, then landed in Surabaya on October 25. British soldiers brought to Indonesia over the decision, and on behalf of the Allies, with the task to disarm the Japanese army, freeing the prisoners were detained Japan, and repatriate Japanese troops to the country. But, in addition, the British army was also on a mission to restore Indonesia to the Dutch government as a colony. NICA (Netherlands Indies Civil Administration) was piggybacking. That is throwing a tantrum Indonesian people everywhere.
In Surabaya, dikibarkannya Dutch flag, the Red-White-Blue, at the Hotel Yamato, has spawned Tunjungan incident, which sparked reignite armed clashes between British troops struggle with entities formed by the people. Armed clashes with British troops in Surabaya, culminating in the murder of Brigadier General Mallaby, (head of the British army for the East Java), on October 30.
After the killing of Brigadier General Mallaby, his successor (Major General Mansergh) issued an ultimatum that is an insult to the fighters and people in general. In ultimatum stated that all the leaders and people of Indonesia were armed to report and put the gun in a determined and surrendered with arms raised. Limit ultimatum is at 6:00 am on 10 November 1945.
The ultimatum was rejected by Indonesia. Therefore, the Republic of Indonesia at that time had stood (although recently proclaimed), and the People's Security Army (TKR) as a tool of the state has also been established.
In addition, many organizations struggle that has shaped the community, including youth, students and learners. Agencies struggle that has emerged as a common manifestation determination to defend the young republic, to disarm the Japanese troops, and to oppose the re-entry of Dutch colonialism (the ride with the presence of British troops in Indonesia).
On 10 November morning, British troops began a massive offensive and awesome one, by deploying about 30,000 troops, 50 aircraft, and a large number of warships.
Various parts of the city of Surabaya bombarded with bombs, fired indiscriminately with cannon from the sea and land. Thousands of people were affected, many died and many more were injured. However, resistance fighters also raged throughout the city, with the active assistance of the residents.
The British assumed that the resistance of the people of Indonesia in Surabaya can be conquered within 3 days, with a complete deploy modern weaponry, including aircraft, warships, tanks, and armored vehicles were quite a lot.
But unexpectedly, it was the community leaders who comprise the 'ulama' and the priest-chaplain java hut like KH. Hashim Ash'ari, KH. Wahab Hasbullah priest-chaplain and others boarding exert their students-students and the general public (at that time the community was not so obedient to the government but they are more docile and obedient to the chaplain) was also there as a young pioneer bung tomo and others. so the fight could last a long time, going from day to day, and from week to week more. Resistance of the people who initially spontaneous and uncoordinated, increasingly organized. This massive battle takes up to a month, before the city fell in the hands of the British.
The bloody events in Surabaya when it also had to move people around the Indonesian resistance to repel the invaders and defend freedom. Fighters were killed and many people were victimized when was later remembered as Heroes' Day.
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