History of Clowning

Clown is an entertainer who furnishes her face with a thick powder and dressed weird, and demonstrate fluent expression - expression funny . Professional clown is actually quite old . That said , since the times of ancient Greece and ancient Rome.

They not only make the rich laugh that stress through the show . But also entertain and make a living on the streets or are known as street singing . With the ability to mime the movements slapstik silly , they may be one of the oldest street vendors in the world of entertainment .

In the Middle Ages around 500 - 1500 AD is exactly the character of a very famous clown . European Society kususnya Italy , know as Arlecchino or Harlequin clown . Popularized theatrical group called Comedia del l' arte . Costumes used are still very simple , yet seheboh or today.

Arlecchino

While the clown clothing as it is known today is actually the result of developments in the ever popular costume Germany and the UK , around the 18th century . at that time Pickellhering Mime makeup and style so famous . Characteristics baggy clothes and shoes , colorful headgear and large circular lace around the neck of the clown .

In the 18th century it is also a clown began to be an important part of the circus . Understandably wrote the name right contents circus acrobat tense , well this is the presence of a strange creature into laughter anglers and is expected to be a tense nerve relaxants . Until now , the actions of these clowns into the eyes awaited event .

One of the pioneers of the use of modern clown costume circus star at the same time in the early 18th century is a character created Jocy Joseph Grimaldi . Jocy purported advantages that make it memorable in the history  of Clown is its ability to turn the clown character played . Jocy not just funny , but it also plays through the audience feeling sad expression , even fear .

Joseph Grimaldi

Towards the era of modern cinema , clown character inspired many prominent entertainment business . Comedian Charlie Chaplin and Buster Keaton , for example adopting the spirit of the clown in all not speak movie . Begin a new era   Clown, from street busking beginning now become an integral part of the entertainment business .

History of the Penataran Temple in Indonesia

Penataran temple is one of the historical relics of the temple which is very fascinating when viewed from the side of beauty and culture. Upgrading is the enshrinement of the temple complex is the largest in East Java . Based on the Department of Antiquities know 1914-1915 report number 2045 and Verbeek record number 563 , Temple kekunaan Upgrading a building consisting of multiple clusters of so -called complex enshrinement . The location of the temple is located in the southwestern slopes of Mount Kelud at an altitude of 450 meters above sea level , the village Upgrading , Nglegok Subdistrict , Blitar .

Penataran temple discovered in 1815 , but until 1850 had not been known. The inventor was Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles (1781-1826) , Governor -General of the British colonial power ever in the archipelago . Since the collapse of the Majapahit kingdom which was followed by the introduction of Islam , many sacred buildings associated with the Hindu and Buddhist communities simply abandoned by its adherents . Long sacred buildings are no longer used the forgotten people because most people have changed the trust . As a result, the building became derelict no longer take care of it , eventually buried in landslides and bush scrub . But over time , the temple complex that formerly had neglected Upgrading now starting to get the attention of the government . So for the time being has become the temple complex as a beautiful tourist destination and attractive .

Location the Temple Penataran

Penataran temple is the only temple largest in East Java . Upgrading location is situated in the village , subdistrict Nglegok , Blitar . Precisely in the southwestern slopes of Mount Kelud at an altitude of 450 meters above sea level . To arrive at the enshrinement location can be reached from the city center to the north of Blitar is to majors tomb Bung Karno . The distance between the city and up to an estimated 12 Km location . When taken from the town of Blitar , after reaching 10 km, after arriving at the village market Nglegok , then forwarded to the market Upgrading then turn left toward enshrinement . Upgrading from market junction up to the location just a 300 meter . For visitors coming from Malang can be reached via a T-junction and then turn right Garum village as far as approximately 5 Km 've arrived at the location of enshrinement .

The number of visitors of the temple Upgrading is high . According to the average number of visitors in a month to reach about 20,000 to 25,000 people . That is a considerable amount when compared to the other temple visitors . Every tourist as required to stop by the temple Upgrading and it is not valid if it traveled to East Java without a stop at the temple Upgrading. Those interested in kekunikan of the temple itself , which could be the object of shooting , a source of inspiration for artists and the land for the small traders for selling food or souvenirs vehicle care and tour guides to transportation agencies .

Penataran temple monuments including the dead ( dead monument ) means nothing to do anymore with the beliefs held today's society . The temple building no longer serves as a place of worship or as a place of meditation, but as a tourist . The pengnjung which comes in order to enjoy the art and culture of antiquity and science . Now 800 years have passed , the temple complex of Upgrading still standing in its original place with full of elegance and grandeur .

History of the Brahu Temple in Indonesia

Brahu is one of the temples that exist within the site Trowulan Majapahit Kingdom . Brahu existed before the reign of King Hayam Wuruk also estimated existing even before the time of King Brawijaya I. It could be argued that Brahu is the oldest temple in comparison to other temples in the area Trowulan site . Brahu established by MPU Sindok yet he is the king of the ancient Mataram kingdom in Central Java . It is described on the linked name Brahu thought to have originated from the word ' Wanaru ' or ' Warahu ' , which is the name of a sacred religious buildings mentioned in the copper inscription ' Alasantan ' found approximately 45 meters to the west of Brahu . This inscription was made in the year 861 Saka or , rather, 9 September 939 AD on the orders of King MPU Sindok of Kahuripan . Of narrative inscription was explained that Brahu period established by MPU Sindok temple is older than the other temples even older than the kingdom of Majapahit . At the time of the Majapahit Empire , Brahu used as a persembayangan or a sacred building that used to berdoa.Hal can be seen from the findings that were in the temple as some objects are often the tools of religious ceremonies such as ceremonial tools of metal .

According to some studies , Brahu expressed as Buddhist temples . This presumption arises because the temple stupa intensification Brahu has become characteristic for Buddhist temples . Besides the shape of Brahu more different than the other temples on the site Trowulan Majapahit Empire, body shape Brahu square indecisive but many angled , obtuse and notched . The middle part of her body curved into a waist like . Indentation is reinforced by the pattern of bricks on the west wall or front wall of the temple .

The roof of the temple is also not shaped prism -shaped or rectangular tiered , angular but many with a flat top , it gave rise to the notion that Brahu founded not in the kingdom of Majapahit , but the temple was built before the Majapahit Kingdom . In addition another assumption stating that Brahu a Buddhist temple is the discovery of some ancient objects . Around the temple complex Brahu 've found ancient objects , including ceremonial instrument of metal , jewelry and objects of gold , and metal statues where it shows the characteristic of Buddhism . Thus it can be concluded that the temple is a Buddhist temple Brahu .

History of the Rat Temple in Indonesia

Rat Temple is pertirtaan, made ​​of red stone , except fountains made ​​of stones. And building approximately 3.50 m below the ground surface , a square shape with a size of 22.5 mx 22.5 m . Named as the Rat Temple in 1914 in the area under attack Temon rat , so that residents have problems and crop failure . Then the public deliberation of how to overcome the rat . Then hold a public consensus pegejaran and nest excavation tikis mass . So that each nest to be excavated , the excavation there ternyta slah the findings terminatur temple , which at that time this location is where the tomb mound and local people .

Then the temple terminatur findings reported to the regents mojokerto named R. A. Kromodjojo Adinegoro . The permission of the archaeological department at that time was called Oudheldkundige dients . Excavations reveal the whole building was completed in 1916 , the establishment of which is estimated at VIII to XIV century . However , the function of the temple is not known for certain , by looking at the shape is a sacred bathing . The composition of the temple mountain symbolizing Mahameru dwelling place of the gods and the source of all life that is realized in the form of a flowing water fountains located along the foot of the temple .

Rat Temple is located in Temon village , District Trowulan , Mojokerto . Rat Temple is pertirtaan buildings . It is evident from the miniature temple in the middle bangunanya symbolizing Mount Mahameru dwelling place of the gods and the source of all life that is realized in the form of a flowing water fountains / jaladwara found along the foot of the temple 

History of Jade

Jade or jade stone is a kind of " green jewel " is one of a kind gemstone which consists of many elements of the mineral have been discovered and used by the east for thousands of years ago .

At this time many jade originating from Tibet region , China and Burma as an export commodity . Jade is also believed efficacious make peace , joy and health , safety .

Stone jewelry and health

Over the course of history after being discovered , jade has been known as an accessories and jewelry for thousands of years ago by human civilization . Even heralded as a " rock savior " even as the " stone of health " by tribes in East Asia and in Africa or America , including by the Mayans and Incas .

Even in today's medical world is also believed to improve health have also been used in human civilization thousands of years ago . It is widely noted in many ancient medical books and is recognized as a source of natural energy . In the medical world , this stone is widely used to improve blood circulation , anti-aging , improve immunity and eliminate fatigue . Jade is also widely used during CERAGEM massage therapy . Besides the investigation showed that jade contains many essential elements such as calcium , potassium , iron and magnesium .

Shapes and sizes

Jade being the most desirable stones in jewelry , medical and uniqueness that this stone also has a lot of models depending on when the stone was honed and shaped .

In its history , jade is the only type of gemstone that honed and shaped in many sizes and models . Honed and shaped jade ranging from the size of the table , a large sculpture to small sculptures , pendants , earrings , rings up of a small button . The shape is also varied , ranging from Buddha sculptures , statues of dragons and other sculptures , also shaped square, oval , oval , square three square up a lot . Besides the shape , the color of jade also varied , ranging from white , yellow , red to green the most popular .

History of Theatre

In history, theater arts since long before recorded starting in 500 BC. At first, Theatre only acted as a religious ritual thousands of years before Christ. Some ancient peoples who had advanced civilizations, like the Mayans in South America, Ancient Egypt, Babylon, Central Asia, and China, using a form of theater as a way to connect with the Almighty. Usually the mastermind of the whole ritual is a shaman or high priest.

Recorded history, theater arts serves only as a ritual (religious), but also function as art or entertainment. Theater event that requires togetherness, when, and where, remains a key requirement theater attendance since thousands of years before Christ, so that in the days of Greek theater was always present with similar requirements. Based on these explanations, it can be concluded that something can be called a theater if there is unity of the three forces, such as: the theater, the place, and the community (the audience). Three forces are met and delivery is synergy and childbirth "theatrical event".

In the history, the art of theater in ancient Greece known as the time of the convention instituting Theatre who still have influence today. Spells that originally only spoken and not written, take a written script, while prayers metamorphose into the story or play. Greek playwright studies bring figures, such as Aeschylus (525-456 BC), Sophocles (496-406 BC), Euripides (480-406 BC), and Aristophanes (about 400 BC). They are the ancestors of the father plays the researchers.

In the subsequent development of theater art history, religious ceremonies emphasize the storytelling. A group of people moving paraded a goat that has been dressed up with a variety of jewelry. They led offerings that surround the market or the highway accompanied by the sound of drums, flutes, and other noises. The convoy slowed, or stopped if the audience increased to allow the narrator (storyteller) who tells of an event. The narrator tells the audience one god-lined in the street or stand surrounded him.

History of Mask dance in Indonesia

According to folklore growing Mask Dance was created by fairly famous sultan of Cirebon, namely Sunan Gunung Jati. When Sunan Gunung Jati Cirebon ruling, there was an attack by Prince Welang of Falkirk. Prince is very powerful because it has a sword called Sewu waterfall. Seeing the magic prince, Sunan Gunung Jati could not match even been aided by Sunan Kalidjaga and Prince Cakrabuana. Cirebon sultan finally decided to fight the supernatural Prince Welang the art of diplomacy.

Starting from a decision that was later formed a dance group, with Nyi Mas Gandasari as dancers. Once the art was known, eventually Welang prince falls in love with the dancers, and the Sewu waterfall handed sword as a sign of his love. Simultaneously with the sword, that is, ultimately losing its miracle Welang prince and then yield to Sunan Gunung Jati. Prince even then promised to be faithful followers of Sunan Gunung Jati is characterized by the alternation of the name Prince became Prince Graksan Welang. Over time, then even this dance is better known as Mask Dance and still growing up now. In addition to the entertainment media, this dance has also been used as a medium of communication message of Islam in Cirebon in ancient times

TYPE OF DANCE Mask CIREBON

Cirebon mask dance itself can be classified into five main characters of different masks are:

• Panji mask. Described as a newborn human figure, full of sanctity, his movements smooth and soft. This dance is for some observers dance is a combination of intrinsic and intrinsic motion in a silent dance philosophy.
• Samba mask, describing the phase when man began to enter the world of childhood, illustrated with graceful movements, lively and funny.
• Rumyang mask is a picture of a phase of teenage life during akhil-age
• Hero Mask, an overview of the maturity of a man, full of wisdom, like the figure of the soldier firm, full dedication, and loyalty as hero
• Kelana mask / Ravana is a visualization of the human nature of greed, anger, and ambition. Nature is what is the other side of the human self, the "dark" that there must be a human being. Kelana mask so firmly movement, full of ambition-hungry king like figure of worldly ambition.

History Jaipong in Indonesia

UNDERSTANDING Jaipong

Jaipongan is a school of dance that was born from the creativity of an artist native of Bandung, Gugum Gumbira. Attention to folk art, one of which is Tap Tilu making treasury know and know well the patterns of dance traditions that exist in Kliningan / Bajidoran or Tap Tilu. Motions openings, pencugan, nibakeun and several kinds of motion of several arts mincid above have enough inspiration to develop a dance or art that is now known as Jaipongan. As social dances, dance Jaipong successfully developed by Sundanese artist to dance very popular in the community and loved by the people of West Java (in particular), and even popular until outside West Java.

History Jaipong

Jaipongan call will actually not only reminiscent of the traditional Sundanese dance similar to the attractive dynamic motion. Hands, shoulders, and hips are always a dominant part in the agile movement patterns, accompanied by the beating drums. Especially on female dancers, all of it is always accompanied with a sweet smile and eyes cast. This is a type of social dances in traditional Sundanese dance that emerged in the late 1970s to the present day popularity is still living in the community.

HISTORY Jaipong

Prior to this emerging form of performance art, there are some influences behind this form of social dance. In West Java, for example, social dance is the influence of the Ball Room, which is usually in a dance-dance association could not be separated from the existence ronggeng and pamogoran. Ronggeng in social dance is no longer working for the ceremony, but for entertainment or slang way. Ronggeng existence in the performing arts has an appeal that invites sympathy for pamogoran. For example in Tilu Tap dance is so well known by the Sundanese people, estimated this art popular around the year 1916. As the folk performing arts, art is only supported by simple elements, such as waditra which includes fiddle, drums, kulanter two, three percussion, and gongs. Similarly, the dance movements that do not have a standard pattern of motion, simple costumes dancer as a reflection of democracy.

Along with the waning type of art above, former pamogoran (the audience plays an active role in the performing arts Tap Tilu / Doger / tayub) switch Kliningan attention on the performing arts, which is in the North Beach area of ​​West Java (Karawang, Bekasi, Purwakarta, Indramayu, and Subang ) known as Kliningan Bajidoran dance patterns and events that show has some similarities with the previous art (Tap Tilu / Doger / tayub). In the meantime, the existence of dance in mask Banjet quite popular, especially in Karachi, where some Bajidoran motion patterns extracted from mask dances in this Banjet. In choreographic dances that still reveals patterns tradition (Tap Tilu) that contains elements of the motions of the openings, pencugan, and several kinds of motion nibakeun mincid which in turn became the basis of the creation of dance Jaipongan. Some basic motions other than Tap dance Jaipongan Tilu, Ibing Bajidor and Mask Banjet is Tayuban and Pencak Silat.

DEVELOPMENT Jaipong

Of the nascent dance Jaipong Jaipongan some dancers like Tati Saleh reliable, Yeti Mamat, Eli Somali, and Pepen Dedi Kirniadi. Jaipongan dance presence contributed greatly to the art lovers of dance to more actively explore the types of folk dances that were previously lacking in attention. With the advent of this Jaipongan dance that many are making Jaipongan dance courses, and frequently used by employers to lure guests.

In Subang Jaipongan style "Kaleran" have the characteristic cheerfulness, erotic, humorous, excitement, spontaneity, and simplicity. This was reflected in the pattern of presentation of dance on the show, there is a given pattern (Ibing pattern) as in art Jaipongan in Bandung, also there are also dances that are not patterned (Ibing Saka), for example, on the arts Jaipongan Subang and Karawang. This term can be found in Jaipongan kaleran style, especially in the area of ​​Subang.

Jaipong at this time can be called as one of the typical dances of West Java, look at important occasions arrival of guests from foreign countries who came to West Java, always welcomed with dance performances Jaipongan. This Jaipongan dance much influence on other art-art that exist in West Java, both on the art puppet shows, gamelan, and other Genjring has even collaborated with Modern dangdut by Mr. Nur and Leni to be a Pong-Dut art.

PREPARATION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF A TYPICAL

Kaleran Jaipongan characteristic style, namely joy, erotic, humorous, excitement, spontaneity and simplicity (natural / whatever they are). This was reflected in the pattern of presentation of taxis on the show, there is a given pattern (Ibing pattern) as in art Jaipongan in Bandung, also there is a dance that is not patterned (Ibing Saka), for example in Subang and Karawang jaipongan Art. This term can be found in Jaipongan Kaleran style, especially in the area of ​​Subang. In the presentation, Jaipongan kaleran style is as follows: 1) tatalu; 2) Flower Gadung 3) Fruit Kawung Gopar; 4) Opening Dance (Ibing Pattern), is usually performed by a single dancer or Sinde Tatandakan (a Sinden but not sing but dance song sinden / interpreter kawih); 5) Jeblokan and Jabanan, a part of the show when the audience (Bajidor) Sawer money (Jabanan) while greeting temple. Jeblokan term is defined as a couple who settled between sinden and the audience (Bajidor).

Subsequent development of Jaipongan occurred in 1980-1990's, where Gugum Gumbira create another dance as Toka-toka, Setra Sari, Sonteng, Pencug, egrets Man gut, firing procession leaves Puring, Rawayan and Dance Kawung Anten. Taritarian some of the dancers appeared among other reliable Jaipongan Iceu Effendi, Yumiati Mandiri, Miming Mintarsih, Nani, Erna, Mira Tejaningrum, Ine Dinar, Ega, Nuni, CEPI, Agah, Aa Suryabrata and Intercessory Asep.

History Of Ancient Egypt Cultural

Ancient Egyptian civilization developed along the Nile. An Egyptian priest named Manetho has divert translated chronicles of the kings of Egypt into Greek. -Inscription inscription which uses converted hieroglyphs translated into Coptic, the language used by the ancient Egyptians in the last days. Of the language and then translated again into Greek. Champolionadalah a French scholar who contributed in reading hieroglyphs are forgotten, the Rosetta stone melaluiprasasti containing Ancient Greek alphabet, Nails and hieroglyphs.

Technology development, agriculture and irrigation systems originated from the desire to conquer the ancient Egyptians to overcome the river's tidal waters. They opened the channel and bendunganyang once used to irrigate the rice fields around the river.

One evidence is the discovery of the civilization of stone crescent storage of grain and timber land fork. Nil culture so the experts call it, originated in the early stages of a delta around the village Narinde. In the village are found stone tools and an assortment of pottery.

Some of the pottery was even decorated with white lines and black lines in the pattern of zig another zag.Temuan depicting the progress of Egyptian culture during the proto history is finding pottery with images sacred boat, a bird's head, hands, elephants and turtles with lines -simple lines, most of the relics are still kept in Musieum Of Fine Arts in Boston.

To understand how the culture of Ancient Egypt, should first understand their beliefs, although not all of them works of art dedicated to religion, but all the works were found in the tombs and temples. Their belief that the dead person still has life, so people who die like that is preserved mummy that was placed on the tomb of the beautiful and powerful contribution to the building wall paintings and reliefs.

Among them are paintings above table available equipment such as jugs and food, Arts Building, Sculpture and Art

Build Art And Art

Up art, such as pyramids, temples and palaces as well as the fine arts, such as sculpture and painting are reaching a peak. One of the ancient Egyptian art up until now is still famous Egyptian pyramids. Scholars have noted no less than 30 pyramids that have been discovered but only 3 pieces in the Giza area that is still relatively incomplete.

Kufu great pyramid, height 480 feet, or roughly the width of 14.5 meters 750 feet or approximately 25 Meter.Piramida is raised above ground pants almost 5 Ha.Untuk 2.3 million stones needed to build it in the form of the respective beams each beam weighs 2.5 tons. The interior of the pyramid is composed of limestone yellowish, there were two booths (booths for the tomb to tomb king and queen). This tomb is also built from a pile of rocks called Mastaba.

HISTORY OF ANCIENT EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION

Everyone would know Chufu pyramid right? It was one of the historic relics. Pyramid was there in the days of ancient Egypt. So let's read immediately wrote History of Ancient Egyptian civilization that describes the progress of the country and the greatness of his day.

In the year 3350 BC, Egyptian architecture influenced by the cultures of Mesopotamia. Approximately in the year 3100 BC, Egyptians sailboat introduced for the first time and at the same time introduce the navigation system. The year also King Menes became king who succeeded in uniting Egypt.

Period of the unification of Egypt took place in 3100-2660 BC. In this period, particularly in the early period of 2920 BC is Ancient Egypt. 2660-2180 years BC was a period of development Piramida.Pada this period precisely in 2551 BC, the Egyptians build the pyramids in Giza pyramids called Chufu. While the Sphinx had already built that is in 2500 BC. Ancient Egyptians also became the first nation to introduce the manufacture of glass from the glass.

Year period 1640-1570 BC is Hykos invasions

• Years 1558-1533 SMFiraun Ahmose Hykos urged the nation to come out of Egypt.
• 1490-1436 years BC Pharaoh Thutmose III ruled and conquered the Persian king and Syria.
• 1367-1350 years BC Pharaoh Akhenaten and Queen Nefertiti became Amon Ra (the sun god) as the only god to be worshiped (mototheisme). But after his death, the Egyptians worshiped many gods again.
• In the years 1290-1224 BC, Pharaoh Ramses II rule and make the nation of Israel as slaves.
• Egypt were attacked by the Assyrians in 670 BC.
• The year 525 BC, the Persians invaded Egypt, and make Egypt as its territory.
• Year 332 BC Alexander the Great conquered Egypt from the hands of Persia.
• Generals Ptolemy in 323 forward Alexander the Great founded the Ptolemy dynasty.
• In the year 51-30 BC Queen Cleopatra ruled Egypt and establish a relationship with Julius Caesar.
• Egypt finally conquered by the Romans in 27 BC.
• Ancient Egyptians trust
• Osiris is the name for the god of Fertility
• Amon Ra is the name for the god of the sun
• Isis is the name for the god of Fertility

History of Musical Instruments Drum

History of drums began with the emergence of human civilization. drum has been linked to human birth. drum is one of the musical instruments used in the du hutan.juga called membranophone, means an instrument that makes sound impressive prolonged membrane with some type of object, usually a curved stick. Drums consist of a hollowed out piece (called the body), which extends to the end of the drum, and tuning keys or pegs which stiffens or loosens the membrane to achieve different tones. Which produces a rich sound when we play the drums is when we hit the drum membrane.

History of Musical Instruments Drum

Drum kit that was first developed for space and financial considerations in theaters where drummers are encouraged to cover the percussion section as much as possible. Until then, drums and cymbals played separately in military and orchestral music settings. Initially, drummers played the bass and snare drums by hand, then in the 1890s they started experimenting with footpedals to play the bass drum. William Ludwig made the bass drum pedal system workable in 1909, paving the way for the modern drum.

By World War I drum kits were characterized by very large marching bass drums and many percussion items suspended on and around it, and they became a central part of jazz music. Hi-hat stand appeared around 1926. Metal consoles were developed to hold Chinese tom-toms, with swing out stands for snare drums and cymbals. On top of the console is a "tool" (shortened to "trap") tray used to hold whistles, klaxons, and cowbells, thus drum kits were dubbed "trap kits."

In the 1930s, Ben Duncan and others popularized streamlined trap kits leading to a basic four piece drum standard: bass, snare, tom-tom, and floor tom. In his time fitted to larger floor toms, and "consolettes" which is designed to hold smaller tom-toms on the bass drum. In the 1940s, Louie Bellson pioneered use of two bass drums, or the double bass drum. The first drummer Gene Krupa himself to lead the orchestra and thrust the drums into the spot light with his drum solos, others will soon follow the lead. With the influence of rock and roll, a watershed moment occurred between 1962 and 1964, when the Surfaris released "Wipe Out" and when Ringo Starr of The Beatles played a Ludwig kit on American television; events that motivated legions to take drum.

The trend toward large drum kits in Rock music began in the 1960s and gained momentum in the 1970s. In the 1980s, a very popular drummers like Billy Cobham, Carl Palmer, Nicko McBrain, Phil Collins, Stewart Copeland and perhaps most notably Neil Peart were using large amounts of drums and cymbals and also began using electronic drums. In the 1990s and 2000s, many drummers in popular music have reverted back to basic four piece drum standards.

History of Clothes Kebaya

Kebaya dress is traditional clothing worn by the women of Malaysia and Indonesia. He done than gauze paired with a sarong, batik, or other traditional clothing such as songket with a colorful motif. Believed to originate kebaya rather than the Arab countries. The Arabs brought baju kebaya (the Arabic "abaya") to the archipelago of hundreds of years ago. Then spread to Malacca, Java, Bali, Sumatra, and Sulawesi. After the entry into force of cultural assimilation which lasted for hundreds of years, the clothing is accepted by the local population.

Prior to the year 1600 on the island of Java, kebaya is the only clothing worn by the royal family group there. During the Dutch colonial era on the island, the first European women wearing kebaya as Rasmi clothes. Every day, kebaya changed from only using mori fabric using silk with colorful embroidery. Clothes that resemble the so-called "mistress kebaya" was first invented by the Peranakan people than Melaka. They wear the sarong and beautiful beaded sandals called "shoe manek". Now, mistress kebaya is undergoing renewal, and also among women not famous in asia. Apart than the traditional kebaya, expert fashion is looking for ways to modify the design and make kebaya become something more moden. Kebaya is modified must be worn with pants jeans.

Kebaya history

According to Denys Lombard in his book Java Nusa: Cross Culture (1996) Kebaya derived from the Arabic 'Kaba' which bererti 'clothing' and introduced by the Portuguese when they landed in Southeast Asia. Kebaya said diertikan as types of clothing (tops / blouse) used the first Indonesian women during the period of the 15th century or 16th Masihi. Lombard argument by analogy certainly thank especially the linguistic searches yet until now we still know 'Abaya' which means long tunic typical Arab. While others believe Kebaya nothing to do with clothing tunic women during kekasiran Ming in China, and this influence is transmitted after a massive immigration visited the peninsula of South and Southeast Asia in the 13th century until the 16th

History of Lion Dance

Hello my friend all set history, this time connecting from my previous post on the History of Chinese New Year celebrations, where the celebration of Chinese New Year is synonymous with the existence of a typical dance called the Lion Dance. What is Lion Dance? Why lion called? What about history? Well, for that on this occasion will discuss thoroughly the set of History of Art History Barongsai this.

Lion Dance Art History

Arts Lion Dance is a dance performance typical of China and Chinese communities were already legendary. Ahead of Chinese New Year, Lion Dance performances we can find in many places. Dozens, even scores of people that make up the lion or dragon snaking follow typical wasp music, spawned its own appeal.

People's China is known to have a high cultural roots. Likewise, the Lion Dance which has been known for thousands of years. Wikipedia notes the first dance of the Lion Dance dance can be traced to Chin Dynasty, around the third century BC.

Arts Lion Dance became popular in the South-North dynasty (Nan Bei) years 420-589 AD. At that time the army of the king of Song Wen Di overwhelmed troops attack the elephant king of country Fan Yang Lin Yi. A warlord named Zhong Que create artificial dolls lion king fan to dissipate force it. Apparently the effort was successful until legendary lion dance.

The dance consists of two main types namely the Northern Lions have curly mane and four legs. North Lions look more natural, like a lion. While the song is kind of a southern lion with scales and a number of legs varies between two and four. Lions Head South also features Tandi so sometimes like animals called Kilin.

Movement two is also different types of lions. South Lions further highlight the movement of his head hard and bobbing to follow the beat of gongs and drums. While North Lions tend agile and full of dynamics because it has four legs.

The main movement of the lion dance Lion Dance is a movement taking envelopes containing money called Lay See. At the top of the envelope usually plastered vegetable watercress lion symbolizes reward. See Lay The process takes approximately half of all lion dance.

Lion dance in Indonesia is estimated to the 17th century when there was a mass migration from South China. Lion dance in Indonesia is rampant when there are gatherings Tion Hoa Hwe Koan. At that time every gathering in different areas certainly have a bevy of lion.

But in the year 1965 after the eruption of G30SPKI art is stopped because of the political situation. Changes in the political situation in Indonesia in 1998 to revive the art of Chinese lion dance and other cultures.

History of the Statue of Liberty in America

Statue of Liberty is the pride and symbol of the City of New York and the fact that the statue of liberty is not made ​​in New York. The statue, which was designed by French sculptor Frederic-Auguste Bartholdi was first built and developed in France in 1874. Statue of Goddess of Independence was presented by the French people to the American people, as a birthday gift to American independence-100.

after been made in France, the statue was disassembled and packed in 200 large cargo to be shipped to America. Statue of Liberty next reassembled at Bedloe's Island at the mouth of the harbor of New York. Packing process is so long, to the Statue of Liberty can only be inaugurated on October 28, 1886, ten years after the anniversary of American independence 100th. Dengantinggi 46 meters and weighing 204 tons, the Statue of Liberty stands as high as 46 meters above the ground. The inside is filled by a steel frame, while the exterior is made of copper plate. Steel frame Statue of Liberty, created and designed by Gustave Eiffel, who also designed and built the Tower Eiffel.

History of Drum

As a child, my family moved from one city to another. There's always the same in the cities dwell, the drum sounds omen prayers arrived. Now I live in Surabaya. The sound of the drum is rarely heard. Yes, now even the mosque or surau-surau in the corners were often no longer wearing the drum and replace it with a microphone. Will sooner or later we will never again hear the sound of the drum in the Earth Indonesia? Only time will tell. Below is writing on the history and origin of the drum in Indonesia, kusarikan of Essence Magazine, October 2008, with edits without changing the essence.

Bedug always associated with the media call worship. It was thought the drum traditions associated with Chinese culture. The existence Bedug forces associated with Cheng Ho expeditions the 15th century. Admiral Ming imperial envoy Muslim wants drum sound in the mosques, as well as the use of similar tools in Buddhist temples in China. There is also the opinion drums drum originated from Chinese tradition that spread to East Asia, and then entered the archipelago.

But according to Drs M Dwi Cahyono, archaeologists from the State University of Malang who conducted the study with a team of Java drum Sampoerna Hijau, in prehistoric times, our ancestors also knew nekara and moko, a type of bronze drums. Its use is associated with religion for rain.

The word Bedug also alluded to in song Malate, a literary ballad form. Literature songs contain stories banner. Generally written during the Mahapahit, from the period of 14-16 century AD. Described in the Song of Malate, musical instrument drum membrafaon distinguished between large drum called TEG-TEG with regular size drum.

Drum at the time it serves as a means of communication and time markers such as war, natural disasters, or other urgent matter. Also rung to mark the arrival time. Then there is a term in Javanese: wis Wanci keteg. Means "time of day" is taken from the time when tegteg sounded.

Cornelis de Houtman in the account of the journey D'eerste Boek witness the widespread presence of the drum in the 16th century. When the commander of the Dutch expedition arrived in Banten, he describes in each intersection there are drums suspended and tolled using a bat that is placed next to it. Its function as a danger signal and time marker. This testimony clearly refers to the drum.

Nevertheless, the influence of China was not denied. Judging from the construction, installation techniques ropes / pegs to attach the membrane to vibrate drum resonator in Java, similar to the way it used to drum in East Asia such as Japan, China, or Korea. Other evidence seen in the appearance of terracotta statues found at the site Trowulan. Soldier statues Mongoloid face looked beat Tabang-Tabang, a type of drum that is affected Middle Eastern culture. Chances that musical instruments are played the Chinese Muslims in the capital of Majapahit.

Interestingly, Tabang-Tabang actually a musical instrument that has been around since the Hindu-Buddhist. In it there is a strong influence from India and Muslim Semitic culture. However introduced and played by indigenous Chinese Muslim.

Thus, it can be said drum exemplary embodiment waditra acculturation (membrafon musical instruments, where it occurs Physiographic blend waditra membrafon ethnic archipelago with similar wadistra from outside such as India, China, and the Middle East.

Journey drum enters important phase when it later became part of the Muslim places of worship. No one can be sure when and how to start. But if you want connection refers to the record Cornelis de Houtman, can be ascertained from the occurrence after the 16th century. Drum entrance to the mosque to complement existing drums. In several large mosques as mosques heritage Wali Songo, the two devices are found side by side, for example in the Holy Mosque Tower.

When entering into a place of worship, the original drum profane earn a place of honor. In some places such as the Grand Mosque of Surabaya, Ciptarasa Cirebon Mosque, and Grand Bagelen, drum the title of "Kyai or" the ". Another reality, old broken drum also not be removed, but replaced with her new drum.

History Tengger tribe | Indonesia

Hindu Tengger tribe living in the area of ​​Mount Bromo, East Java. There are many meanings of the word Tengger conceived. Etymologically, Tengger means standing upright, still without moving (Java). When associated with customs and beliefs, meaning perch is tengering nobility. That is a sign that people own nobility. Other meanings are: the mountains. Tengger was located on the slopes of the mountains and the Tengger Semeru. There is also a perch association with the public about the myth of marital embryo occupants Tengger region, namely Rara Anteng and Joko Seger.

Rara saga Anteng and Jaka Seger

Once, in ancient times, there was a princess consort of King UB with Majapahit Kingdom. His name is Rara Anteng. As the situation deteriorated kingdom, Rara Anteng looking for a safer place to live. He and his punggawanya go to the Tengger Mountains. In the village Krajan, he stopped the tiger, then proceeded to Pananjakan. He settled in Pananjakan and started farming. Rara Anteng later adopted by Rishi Dadap, a priest who lived in the mountains of Bromo.

Meanwhile, Kediri also messed up as a result of the political situation in Majapahit. Joko Seger, the son of a Brahmin, exiled to a village Kedawung while looking for his uncle who lives near Mount Bromo. In this village, Joko Seger get the people who settled in Pananjakan Majapahit. Joko Seger Pananjakan went on his way up.

Joko Seger lost and met immediate Rara Anteng him to his residence. Arriving at his home, Rara Anteng accused have committed an affair with Joko Seger by pinisepuhnya. Joko Seger defend Rara Anteng and stated it was not true, then apply for the girl. Application was received. Resi White Dadap validate their marriage.

It's been eight years of marriage, but they also did not have children. They imprisoned 6 years and every year changing direction. Sang Hyang Widi Wasa respond to their meditation. From the top of Mount Bromo out bursts of light which is then infiltrated into the soul Rara Anteng and Joko Seger. There pawisik they will be blessed with children, but the last child to be sacrificed in the crater of Mount Bromo.

This couple blessed with 25 children fit their application, because the Tengger people very little. Last son named R Kusuma.

Years later Mount Bromo issued flame as a sign of promise must be kept. The husband and wife was not willing to sacrifice their youngest child. R Kusuma then hidden around the village Ngadas. But the flame was arrived at Ngadas. R Kusuma then went to the crater of Mount Bromo. From the sound of R Kusuma crater so that his brothers live in harmony. He was willing to sacrifice as a representative of his friends and the local community. He says, every 14 Kesada,'m tribute crops. Another story suggests brothers keeper R Kusuma be other places.

Now the ceremony known as the Kesada. In Kesada ceremony, the shaman always narrates the story of Joko Seger - Rara Anteng.

History of Dance Plate

It is uncertain exactly on the history of dance Plate. However, this is believed that free it has been in existence for so long in the Malay Archipelago since over 800 years ago. This dance is believed to have a foothold in West Sumatra or more recognizable as Minangkabau, and grow up to the era of Sri Viiaya. The appearance of the Majapahit kingdom in the period to 16, who dropped the Sri Vijaya kingdom has led to the development of the Dance Plate countries together penghijrah Malay or people of Sri Vijaya escape then.

Dance Creator Dishes

Dance is said to be created rather than'' plates beautiful women dressed beautiful, and walk with gentle courtesy and discipline when carrying plates of delicious food to be offered to the gods as offerings. These women will dance while walking, and in the same time showing their skills to bring a plate that contains food. "Coming of Islam has brought changes to the trust and the concept of this dance. Tari plates are no longer offered to the gods, but for the majlis majlis-crowd who attended shared by kings or princes of the country.

The beauty and uniqueness of the Dance Plate has led to the expansion of gifts among the commoners, namely dimajlis-majlis perkahwinan involving persandingan. In this case, the concept is still the form of the equation, namely the couple is still regarded as the king namely 'King Day' and a decent dedicated Dance plate in front of him when biting.

How to Dance Dance Plate

There are different ways to dance or dance versions plate, depending on the place or village or area where the dance is practiced plate. But not much distinction between one place to another, especially about the concept, approach and style offerings. As a whole, to understand how the dishes offered sesebuah Dance, here is the sequence or composition of sesebuah offering.

1. Get started early

It is customary that free sesebuah arts offerings have dimulakan with a neat inventory. Before sesebuah offerings were held, in addition to training for mengujudkan efficiency, the dancers dance Plate penafasan also should have a good workout in order not to mess when making offerings.

By the day or during the offering, the dancers dance emphatic ensure pring plate-plate that they would use are in good condition. Cracked or chipped dishes should diketepikan or replaced with another, so as not to endanger yourself or samada crowd watching. When the dancers also have to decide the number of plates to be used.

Immediately after the end of Silat Pulut offerings before the bride and groom, the plates will be arranged in a variety of shapes and composition in the presence of the bride and groom followed by the required number of plates dancers dance and fitness area. In the same period, the dancers dance has been prepared dishes prepared by bolstering two distinctive ring shape, namely the one in the right hand and one finger dijari left hand. The dancer is then holding a plate or flat that is not cracked or chipped.

2. Tee dance

Dishes will dance originated as other features tambourine and gong struck by the musicians. Dancers will initiate Dance Plate with 'worship bride' three times as a sign of respect to the bride namely; worship bride bridal hands before praying hands on the left worship bride on the right hand

3. During the dance

Finished with three ranks wedding worship, dance dance dance commences with the plate will reach the plate in place in front of him and waved his left hand to the right and follow tramp muzik played. Dancers will then stood up and began one by one tread or tread plates that had been developed earlier as he was heading towards the bride and groom in front of him. In habit, Dance dancers plate will ensure that free all the dishes that have been set trampled. After all the dishes done dipijak, Plate Dance dancers will step stride with the original tread plates that had been developed earlier. Dancers should not postpone wedding.

In the same period both the continuous dihayun will hand to the right and to the left while producing sound 'ting ting ting ting .......' results beats fingers dancers who have disarung ring portion view of the plate. Occasionally, both palms are placed dishes will dipusing-confuse up and down as well as if dizzying overhead musingkannya

4. Ending offerings

Dance offerings Sesebuah plate by one dancer will only end when all the dishes had been trampled and dancers close by offering worship or worship cover the bride once again. Also end with a closing worship three worship bride with the following arrangement; worship worship the right hand wedding dress bridal hand left hand side before the worship

Dancing entire period

Entire period or jangkamasa Dance dancers dancing olehseorang plate is dependent on efficiency and skills of the dancers themselves. Efficiency and proficiency menghayun plates were equilibrated with beats so perIu ring. Dancers Dance dishes were not trained may contribute plate placed terIepas palms and fell to the ground. Usually incidents like this very embarrassing dancers.

In the same period the appropriateness dancers foot to tread plates that have been prepared will also affect the entire period sesebuah Plate Dance. But on the whole, one dancer will dance just to dance in the plate during the entire period between three to five minutes other features. By then, the usual, sesebuah offering plate before the wedding dance will only take a period not exceeding 15 minutes, with offerings Plate Dance by between three to seven people. PerIu emphasized that free dance offerings sesebuah plate must be accompanied by dancers with odd numbers eg one, three, five, seven or nine people.

Dancers Dance Clothing Plate

In custom, colorful clothes and beautiful is the case for the compulsory dance sesebuah. But for Dance Plate, with adequate and bersamping dressed Malays only. Dress color is also up to the dancers themselves to decide. However, bright colors such as red and yellow are often the choice for her dancers dance kerana plate more easily seen by the audience.

Dance Music in Plate

Musical instruments used to accompany the dance plate, sufficient to blow Gong Tambourine and other features. Gong is very important blow his deep it will be a guide to determine the steps to the dancers and dance movement plate. In habit, collection and paraded Rebana that accompany the bridal couple are given the responsibility to accompany the dishes Dance offerings. However, in some circumstances may also be accompanied Plate Dance by other instruments such as Talempong and drum.

Philosophy of Dance Plate

Dance plate has a great role in Minangkabau society perkahwinan customs. Basically, the offering plate at sesebuah Dance perkahwinan Majlis-Majlis is for entertainment purposes only. However, these offerings may play a role more than that. Dance Dedication Plate in sesebuah majlis should perkahwinnan dirasai role by four parties namely; told the couple to host the crowd to dance alone

The bride and groom are in the majlis perkahwinan diraikan. They held a 'King Day'. By then, the offering plate dance in front of them was a historic day In such a complement to the same period of the bridal couple will tasted that free their presence as 'the king of the day' is being awaited by the people crowded the symbolic 'welcome' through the Plate Dance. The same thing will dirasai by both the parents and family of the bride. They feel that free persandingan majlis has not been completed and incomplete if not accompanied by the offering plate Dance.

Among the crowd who attended the majlis perkahwinan that, other than as an entertainment, they should give encouragement to the plate to make the dancers dance better offerings and menyeronokkan. In fact, sometimes people crowded the watch will participate accompany these offerings, just to enliven the atmosphere or to demonstrate their skill. This situation is somewhat differed also to the dancers dance plate itself. Half a dancer than dance Plates were still single, shows how good they are dancing to 'lure' escort girls than parties who travel or compatriot girls who are watching their offerings.

An interesting case for dance performances plate is skill and prowess dancers trample glass on stage as an end offerings Plate Dance. Within this offering is glass that has been broken is between three to eight inches above longgokkan a later stage dipijak-departure and quiz dikuis-footed by the dancers. Symbolic for this event is "going through the carrier dish or tread plate glass broken during the side dishes they bring offerings to the gods". Leg injuries are not dancers.