History of Memorial Day

Events of 10 November is a historical event of war between Indonesia and the Netherlands. On March 1, 1942, Japanese troops landed on the island of Java, and seven days later, on March 8, the Dutch surrendered unconditionally to the Japanese. Since then, Indonesia was occupied by the Japanese.

Three years later, Japan surrendered unconditionally to the Allies after the dropping of the atomic bomb (the United States) in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The incident occurred in August 1945. Fill the vacancy, Indonesia then proclaimed independence on August 17, 1945. Before stripped by the allies, the people of Indonesia and the fighters attempted to disarm the Japanese troops. Thus arose the battles that claimed in many areas. When the movement to disarm the Japanese troops was raging, dated 15 September 1945, British troops landed in Jakarta, then landed in Surabaya on October 25. British soldiers brought to Indonesia over the decision, and on behalf of the Allies, with the task to disarm the Japanese army, freeing the prisoners were detained Japan, and repatriate Japanese troops to the country. But, in addition, the British army was also on a mission to restore Indonesia to the Dutch government as a colony. NICA (Netherlands Indies Civil Administration) was piggybacking. That is throwing a tantrum Indonesian people everywhere.

In Surabaya, dikibarkannya Dutch flag, the Red-White-Blue, at the Hotel Yamato, has spawned Tunjungan incident, which sparked reignite armed clashes between British troops struggle with entities formed by the people. Armed clashes with British troops in Surabaya, culminating in the murder of Brigadier General Mallaby, (head of the British army for the East Java), on October 30.

After the killing of Brigadier General Mallaby, his successor (Major General Mansergh) issued an ultimatum that is an insult to the fighters and people in general. In ultimatum stated that all the leaders and people of Indonesia were armed to report and put the gun in a determined and surrendered with arms raised. Limit ultimatum is at 6:00 am on 10 November 1945.

The ultimatum was rejected by Indonesia. Therefore, the Republic of Indonesia at that time had stood (although recently proclaimed), and the People's Security Army (TKR) as a tool of the state has also been established.

In addition, many organizations struggle that has shaped the community, including youth, students and learners. Agencies struggle that has emerged as a common manifestation determination to defend the young republic, to disarm the Japanese troops, and to oppose the re-entry of Dutch colonialism (the ride with the presence of British troops in Indonesia).

On 10 November morning, British troops began a massive offensive and awesome one, by deploying about 30,000 troops, 50 aircraft, and a large number of warships.

Various parts of the city of Surabaya bombarded with bombs, fired indiscriminately with cannon from the sea and land. Thousands of people were affected, many died and many more were injured. However, resistance fighters also raged throughout the city, with the active assistance of the residents.

The British assumed that the resistance of the people of Indonesia in Surabaya can be conquered within 3 days, with a complete deploy modern weaponry, including aircraft, warships, tanks, and armored vehicles were quite a lot.

But unexpectedly, it was the community leaders who comprise the 'ulama' and the priest-chaplain java hut like KH. Hashim Ash'ari, KH. Wahab Hasbullah priest-chaplain and others boarding exert their students-students and the general public (at that time the community was not so obedient to the government but they are more docile and obedient to the chaplain) was also there as a young pioneer bung tomo and others. so the fight could last a long time, going from day to day, and from week to week more. Resistance of the people who initially spontaneous and uncoordinated, increasingly organized. This massive battle takes up to a month, before the city fell in the hands of the British.

The bloody events in Surabaya when it also had to move people around the Indonesian resistance to repel the invaders and defend freedom. Fighters were killed and many people were victimized when was later remembered as Heroes' Day.

History of Blogger (Blogspot)

 Blog is short for "web log" is a Web application that resembles the writings (published as a post) on a public web page. These writings are often published in reverse order (newest content first and then followed the older content), although not always the case. Such websites can usually be accessed by all users of the Internet in accordance with the topics and goals of the user's blog.

Blogs have a very diverse functions, from a diary, media publicity in a political campaign, through media programs and corporations. Some blog maintained by a single author, while others by several authors. Many weblogs also have the facility of interaction with the audience, such as using the guest book and comment columns to allow its visitors to leave comments on the contents of the published writings, however, there is also the opposite or a non-interactive.

Web sites that are related thanks to the weblog, or a total of a collection of weblogs often referred to as the blogosphere. Whenever a collection of wave activity, information and opinions are very large recurring for some very controversial subjects or occur in the blogosphere, it is often referred to as a storm blogstorm or blog.

There are over 10 million blogs can be found on the Internet. And can still grow even more, because now there is a lot of software, tools and other Internet applications that make it easier for bloggers (the term blog owner) to take care of their blogs. In addition to caring for and continue to update them on his blog, the bloggers are relatively new and still often do blogwalking, the activity in which the blogger left a link on your blog or website while others leave a comment.

Some bloggers now have even made the blog as the main source of income through AdSense advertising program, post paid, selling links, affiliates and others. So then came the term professional blogger or problogger, people who depend only from blogging activity. Because it is in fact a lot of channel-channel fund revenue in the form of dollar or rupiah of this blogging activity.

Blogger or Blogspot is now called familiar among bloggers. This free blog service providers are large companies that compete with WordPress so is arguably the number one free blog providers worldwide best-seller.

Here's History Bloggers

Blogger is actually a blog publishing system (blog publishing system) that was originally created by Pyra Labs on August 23, 1999 and is a dedicated blog-publishing tool was first intended to help popularize the format. In February 2003, due to its popularity, eventually Pyra Labs was acquired by Google. This acquisition led to premium features that were previously charged, then turns free.

In 2004, Google introduced its new service "Picasa", which is an application for organizing and editing digital photos. The service is then integrated in photo sharing utility Hello into Blogger, allowing a user blogger to post photos in your blog they made. On May 9, 2004, "Blogger" to redesign the main display, various changes were made in the Blogger by adding features such as web standards-compliant templates, individual archive pages for posts, comments and posting menggunankan email.

On 14 August 2006, "Blogger" launched the latest release in the "beta" code "invader", along with the release version of Gold. This makes the migration of users to Google servers and is accompanied by the addition of some "new features" in it. In December 2006, the latest version of Blogger is finally no longer in "beta" and the "May 2007", Blogger has really moved to Google servers.

History of Badminton

Badminton or badminton is a racquet sport played by two people (for singles) or two pairs (for double) are opposite. Similar to tennis, badminton played with players aiming to hit the ball one side of the game ("why" or "shuttlecock") over the net so that the opponent falls in the specified game. He should also try to prevent his opponent did to him.

There are five parties that usually played in badminton. They are:

1. Men's singles

2. Women's singles

3. Men's doubles

4. Women's doubles

5. Mixed doubles

Since February 1, 2006, the entire party system using "winning two of three sets" (best of three) each won by reaching 21 points in the rally point.

Playing badminton

Each player or pair took up positions on both sides of the net in the rectangular area marked on the floor as shown in the diagram. Aim of the game is to hit a shuttlecock racket, skip nets to the area around the restrictions / cedar signed before players can hit the opponent or partner behind. For each time was successfully carried out by the service the team, player or pair penyervis (servers) scored one point. After winning one point, the same player getting it back, and keep getting it as long as they continue to score points. If the team that wins the rally is not getting it, no points scored by them but no change penyervis. In doubles play, the servers start the game, and after losing a rally, the service moved to the other side. From that time forward, both players on a team of alternate service the (meladen) before servicing back pass to their opponent. Players on the right hand side of the service always start the service.

Badminton arena

Each player sets between the two service areas. There is a service for single region, namely berlebar 5.18 meters and a length of 13.40 meters. Service area to double the size of 6.10 meters wide and 11.88 meters long. Service territory is divided into two parts. In the middle of the field stood a net / net, which is 1.55 meters high. The lines serve berentang 1.98 meters short of the net. Service box left and right service box separated by a line down the center.

Equipment

• Rackets: Traditionally racquets were made of wood. Then aluminum or other light metals into the material chosen. Now, almost all professional badminton racket Composition of carbon fiber composite (graphite reinforced plastic). Carbon fiber has great power to weight ratio, stiffness, and gives a great kinetic energy transfer. However, a number of lesser models still use steel or aluminum for some or all of the racket.

• How: Why is the ball used in the sport of badminton, made of goose feathers arranged series form an open cone with a hemispherical shaped base made of cork. In practice or game is not officially used also why from pelastik.

• Strings: Perhaps one of the most attention in badminton is his strings. Different types of strings have different response characteristics. The durability in general varies with the performance. Most of the 21 size and thickness of the strings strung with a tension of 18 to 30 + lbs. The player's personal preference plays a strong role in the selection string.

• Shoes: Since the acceleration along the field is extremely important, the players need maximum grip with the floor at all times. Badminton shoes need a rubber sole for a good grip, reinforced side walls for durability during attraction and deployment of technology shocks for jumping; badminton resulted in quite a lot of stress (tension) in the knee and ankle.

• Net: Badminton will never be able to walk without any gear on this one. Net is a divider between the areas of the game player with one another. High net approximately 152 cm and the same for all types of game, whether it is single or double, daughter and son.

History

The sport is played with a shuttlecock and a racket, probably evolved in ancient Egypt about 2000 years ago but it has also been mentioned in India and China. Terdininya ancestors thought was a Chinese game, which involves the use Jianzi anyway but without the racket. Instead, the object manipulated by foot. Object / mission of this game is to keep the shuttlecock from touching the ground as long as possible without using hands.

In England since medieval times a children's game called Battledores and Shuttlecocks very popular. The children at the time it normally would use a paddle / cane (Battledores) and scheming together to keep the shuttlecock remains in the air and prevent it from touching the ground. It's popular enough to be a daily nuances in the streets of London in 1854 when the magazine Punch published a cartoon for this.

Britons took this game to Japan, the People's Republic of China, and Siam (now Thailand) as they colonized Asia. It then quickly became a game the children in their local area. Competitive badminton sport invented by British Army officers in Pune, India in the 19th century when they added a net / net and play a rival. Therefore Pune city formerly known as Poona, the game is also known as Poona at that time.

The soldiers brought the game back to England in the 1850s. The sport received its present name in 1860 in a pamphlet by Isaac Spratt, a British toy distributor, entitled "Badminton Battledore - a new game" ("Badminton Battledore - a new game"). It describes the game is played at the House Badminton (Badminton House), the Duke of Beaufort's estate in Gloucestershire, England. The first loop of regulations written by the Bath Badminton Club in 1877. Badminton Association of England was formed in 1893 and staged its first international championship first tooth in 1899 with the All England Championships.

Badminton became a popular sport in the world, especially in East and Southeast Asia region, which currently dominate the sport, and in the Scandinavian countries. International Badminton Federation (IBF) was founded in 1934 and recorded the UK, Ireland, Scotland, Wales, Denmark, the Netherlands, Canada, New Zealand and France as members of the vanguard. India joined as an affiliate in 1936. In IBF Extraordinary General Meeting in Madrid, Spain, September 2006, the proposal to change the name of the International Badminton Federation to Badminton World Federation (BWF) is accepted unanimously by all 206 delegates present.

The sport is a Summer Olympic sport at the 1992 Barcelona Olympics. Indonesia and South Korea shared the each of the two gold medals that year.

History of Football

Playing football is one of the sport worldwide. Men, women, children and even grandparents all love football. Many of them assume that the beginning of the history of English football came from, but it was noted that the history of the game of football has been around since 3000 years ago in various parts of the world in different forms. But the talk of the emergence of the early history of football up till now still contentious. Because there are some documents that explain the game of football has been around since Roman times, and so forth. But the official beginning of the football game was born out of mainland China, it is declared by FIFA as world football's governing body, the beginning of the game the china in the 2nd century to the 3rd century BC, where the sport is known as the "thu-shu". In another document the history of football came from the land of Japan, from the 8th-century Japanese society has known soccer game. From various statements about the origin of the sport of football history is clear from the past until now the game of football played by two teams, with each team consisting of eleven people.

In the game of football there are different rules, game objectives, tactics and so forth. As noted on wikipedia, there are some things we can learn in the game of soccer among others are:

1. Football Rules

2. Football game goal

3. Tactics Football Games

4. Official

5. Regulation

6. Referee as official timers

7. Experiments Using Gol Gol Gold and Silver

8. Major International Championships

9. Mini World Cup (Confederation Cup)

10. Football in Indonesia

11. Organization

1. REGULATION

Official Rules football game (Laws of the Game) is:

- Rule 1: soccer field

- Rule 2: Ball

- Rule 3: Number of Players

- Rule 4: Equipment Players

- Rule 5: Referees are set matches

- Rule 6: Assistant referee

- Rule 7: Old Games

- Rule 8: Ball Exit and in the Field

- Rule 9: How to Get Numbers

- Rule 10: Offside

- Rule 11: Breach

- Rule 12: Free kick

- Rule 13: Kick

- Rule 14: Thrown in

- Rule 15: goal kick

In addition to the above rules of international decisions Regional Football Association Board (IFAB) also emits other rules in football.

2. GOALS SOCCER GAME

Two teams, each consisting of 11 people fighting to put a round ball into the opponent's goal ("scoring"). The team that scored more goals is the winner (usually within 90 minutes, but there are other ways to determine a winner if a tie). overtime will be held 2x 15 minutes and if the result is still the added time series will be held on penalties that each team will be given five opportunities to kick the ball towards goal from the penalty spot inside the goalkeeper area until the results can be determined. Regulation of the most important in achieving these goals is the players (except the goalkeeper) must not touch the ball with their hands while he remains in the game.

3. SOCCER GAME TACTICS

Tactics used by the football clubs are as follows:

1. 4-4-2 (a classic: four players behind / skipper)

2. 4-4-2 (with two wing midfielders)

3. 4-4-1-1 (2 pairs winger, an attacking midfielder and a lone striker)

4. 4-2-4 (2 wings)

5. 4-3-2-1 (3 central midfielders, two attacking midfielders and a lone striker)

6. 4-3-1-2 (four defenders, three midfielders, one striker hole, 2 strikers)

7. 4-5-1 (four defenders, two wings, three midfielders, one striker)

8. 4-3-3 (four defenders, three midfielders, two strikers wings, 1 central striker)

9. 4-2-3-1 (two center backs, two wing-back, 2 winger, 1 attacker holes, 1 striker)

10. 4-3-3 (2 wing-back, two center backs, 2 wings, 1 defensive midfielders, 3 strikers middle)

11. 4-1-4-1 (four defenders, one defensive midfielder, 4 midfielders, 1 striker)

12. 3-4-3 (a winger)

13. 3-5-2 (a libero / sweeper)

14. 3-5-2 (without libero / sweeper)

15. 3-6-1

16. 5-4-1

Tactics used by a team always change depending on the conditions that occurred during the game progresses. In essence there are three tactics that are used, namely: Defense, Attack, and Normal.

4. Official

A match was ruled by a referee who has "full authority to run the game according to regulation game in a match that has diutuskan him" (Rule 5), and the decisions of the match that amount is considered final. The referee is assisted by two assistant referees (formerly called the judge / linesmen). In many games the referee was also helped by a fourth official who can replace a more official if diperlukan.selain they also need tools to help the game such as:

1. board replacement players

2. table and chairs

5. SOCCER RULES

5.1 Field game

1. Size: length of 100-110 m wide x 64-75 m

2. The line: ... cm wide lines, which touch on the side line, goal line at the ends, and transverse center of the field; ... m the middle circle, and no barriers or boards

3. Penalty area: arc measuring 18 m from each post

4. Lines penalty: ... m from the midpoint of the goal line

5. The second line of the penalty: ... m from the midpoint of the goal line

6. Zone change: regional ... m (... m on each side of the halfway line) on the grandstand side of the throwing

7. Hurdles: 7 m wide x 2.5 m high

8. Surface area throwing: smooth, flat, and not abrasive

5.2 Ball

1. Size: 68-70 cm

2. Circumference: 10 cm

3. Weight: 410-450 grams

4. Bounce: 1000 cm on the first reflected

5. Material: rubber or synthetic rubber (artificial)

5.3 Team

1. Maximum number of players to start a game: 11, one goalie

2. Maximum number of players out of the field (excluding injuries): 4

3. Maximum Number of reserve players: 12

4. Number of referees: 1

5. Number linesman: 2-4

6. Limit the number of substitutions: 3 except test match

Supplies 5.4 game

1. Kaos numbered (since 1954)

2. Shorts

3. Sock

4. Shin guards

5. Bersolkan rubber footwear

5.5 Old Game

1. Old Normal: 2 × 45 minutes

2. Long breaks: 15 minutes

3. Old extension: 2 x 15 minutes (if the result is still a draw after 2 x 45 minutes of normal time)

4. There are penalties if the number of goals both teams finish the series in overtime.

5. Time-out: 1 per team per round; none in extra time

6. Turn round time: maximum 15 minutes

6. SOCCER REFEREE

Referee who led the match and assisted a number 1 person 2 people as a linesman. Then the referee assisted backup help in the event announcing substitutions and extra time. At the 2006 World Cup, officials used the fifth. The use of two referees was tested on 4 italia.Penggunaan copa linesman reportedly also tried in the 2010 World Cup, where 2 of them are behind the goal.

7. EXPERIMENTAL USE GOLD AND SILVER GOL

In the late 1990s, the IFAB trying to make the game more likely to end without requiring a penalty shootout, which was often seen as a less appropriate way to end the game. An example is the system of the silver goal that ended the game when a goal is scored in the first overtime, and the golden goal that ended the game when a goal is scored in the second overtime. Both of these systems have been discontinued by IFAB.

8. GREAT INTERNATIONAL CHAMPIONSHIPS

Largest international championship soccer World Cup is organized by the Fédération Internationale de Football Association. The World Cup is held every four years. More than 190 national team to compete in the regional qualifying tournament for a place in the finals. The tournament finals were held for four weeks now involves 32 national team (up from 24 in 1998).

Major international championship in each continent are:

- Europe: European Cup or known as the Euro

- South America: Copa América

- Africa: Africa Cup of Nations

- Asia: Asia Cup

- North America: CONCACAF Gold Cup

- Oceania: Oceania Cup

9. MINI WORLD CUP (Confederations Cup)

The event rate in Europe's biggest club is the Champions League, while in South America is the Copa Libertadores. In Asia, the Asian Champions League is the biggest club tournament level. Football has been played at the Olympics since 1900. (Except for the 1932 Olympics in Los Angeles). Initially this is just for amateur players only, but since the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics professional players also started to come into play, with rules that prevented states than to play their strongest team.

At this time, the Olympic tournament for men is an U-23 tournament which may ditamnbahi 3 players above age. As a result, this tournament does not have international importance and prestige of the same with the World Cup, or even the Euro, Copa America or the African Nations Cup. In contrast, the Olympic tournament for women carrying almost the same prestige as the FIFA Women's World Cup; tournament played by international teams is complete without the age restrictions.

10. SOCCER IN INDONESIA

Game of football in Indonesia is also growing rapidly. This marked the establishment of the All-Indonesia Football Association (PSSI) in 1930 in Yogyakarta, chaired by Soeratin Sosrosoegondo. To appreciate his services, starting in 1966 Cup soccer championship held Soeratin (Soeratin Cup) football championship level that teenage cadets. At this game of football favored by almost all walks of life in Indonesia.

11. Football ORGANIZATION

- Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) (world)

- UEFA (Europe)

- CONMEBOL (Latin America)

- CONCACAF (American)

- AFC (Asia)

- CAF (Africa)

- OFC (Oceania)

History of the discovery of Bikes

Historically, the bike was found in France in the late 18th century. The country's two-wheeled transport is named Velocipede. Over the years, Velocipede is the only term that refers to the results of the design of two-wheeled vehicles. But according to another source, said first bicycle was invented in England around 1970.

Historically, the bike was found in France in the late 18th century. The country's two-wheeled transport is named Velocipede. Over the years, Velocipede is the only term that refers to the results of the design of two-wheeled vehicles. But according to another source, said first bicycle was invented in England around 1970.

When first created, do not imagine it is a complete bike as the bikes do you have now. The so-called bike at the time was two round boards that serve as the wheel is then connected to the wood frame to unify the two. We can imagine how awkward and the look of the bike at the time. Forerunners of the bike is then given the name of Hobby Horses and Celeriferes.

In 1818, a student of mathematics and mechanics in Heidelberg, Germany named Baron von Drais Karls Sauerbronn Velocipede tune to have the steering mechanism on the front wheels. Drais provide a system that allows the front wheels can turn right or left. By taking the energy of motion of both legs, Drais able to glide faster time around the garden. Drais homemade bike is nicknamed "dandy horse" (horse style). Drais himself calls this vehicle with the name, Draisienne.

The process of creation is then performed by Kirkpatrick Macmillan. It was in 1839, in England, Mac Milan who worked as a blacksmith began to think of making a better bike. Later, Mac Milan managed to create a bike that can move without set foot on the ground. He added that the drive shaft that connects the rear wheel with the front tire and put a wooden pedal to get them moving wheels. To run it, just pedal there.

Meanwhile, in Paris, France, a man named Kirkpatrick Macmillan also trying to modify the bike made Drais. Michaux and his son made the bike run with the pedal. Bikes made Michaux obtain extraordinary acclaim. With the pedal, riding a lighter and fun. To be able to run fast bike, the front wheel to enlarge it.

This vehicle is the perfect after a Frenchman named Pierre Lallement strengthen wheels by adding an iron circle around it (now known as the rim or wheel) in 1865. Lallement also introduced a bike with the front wheel larger than the rear wheels.

In 1870, James Starley started making bikes with the huge front wheel was very small rear wheel. Starley then managed to make a breakthrough by creating wheel radius and cross-tangent method. With a system of spokes on a wheel, Starley can save wood material and make a lighter bike to ride. Unfortunately, the bike with big wheels it has many shortcomings. Because the position of the pedals and the seat is high enough, the women and the people who do not complain of difficulty so high to drive.

Fortunately, in 1886 the gap repaired by Starley's nephew John Kemp Starley named. He managed to create a safer bike to be ridden by anyone. He put a chain and equalize the amount of front and rear wheels. Equally important discovery also made John Boyd Dunlop in 1888. Dunlop motorcycle tires managed to find a technology that can be filled with air (pneumatic tire). From here, the beginning of the rapid progress of the bike. Then the pace of the bike was no longer shaking and various forms of bicycle successfully created.

Subsequent discovery that contributed bicycling technology, ie as brake, gear ratio which can be removable, chains, handlebars that can be moved and many more which makes the bike more comfortable to ride. Since then more and more people to use bicycles as a means of transportation. Although its functions are now being replaced by motorcycles and cars, but bikes still have quite a lot of fans.