History of Samsung

Samsung's history began in 1938 in which Lee Byung-Chull (1910-1987) came from a family of land owners in the area Uiryeong come to Daegu city and founded Samsung Sanghoe, a small trading company with forty employees located in Su-dong ( now Ingyo-dong). Company in the wake of Lee is progressing and he moved its head office to Seoul in 1947. When the Korean War broke out, Lee was forced to leave Seoul and started sugar refinery in Busan as a name of Cheil Jedang. After the war, in 1954, Lee founded Cheil Mojik and build factories in Chimsan-dong, Daegu as a woolen mill.

Lee sought to establish Samsung as an industry leader in many fields, such as insurance, securities, and retail. In the late 1960s, Samsung Group began to develop into industrial electronics and electronic form divisions, such as Samsung Electronics Devices Co., Samsung Electro-Mechanics Co., Samsung Corning Co., and Samsung Semiconductor & Telecommunications Co., and made the facility in Suwon. The first product was a black-and-white television set. In 1980, Samsung bought Hanguk Jeonja Company Tongsin in Gumi, and started to build telecommunication devices. Its early products were Switchboards. This facility has been developed into the telephone and fax manufacturing systems and became the center of Samsung's mobile phone manufacturing. They have produced more than 800 million mobile phone. Their companies grouped together under Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. in the 1980s.

In the late 1980s and early 1990s, Samsung Electronics invested heavily in research and development, investments are important in driving the company to the forefront of the global electronics industry. In 1982, Samsung built a television assembly plant in Portugal, in 1984, samsung build a factory in New York, in 1985, samsung build a factory in Tokyo, in 1987, samsung build a facility in the UK, and other facilities in Austin in 1996. In total, Samsung has invested $ 5.6 billion in the Austin - by far the largest foreign investment in Texas and one of the largest single foreign investment in the United States. Samsung new investment in Austin is a total of more than $ 9 billion.

Samsung started to rise as an international corporation in the 1990s. Samsung's construction branch was awarded a contract to build one of the two Petronas Towers in Malaysia, Taipei 101 in Taiwan and the Burj Khalifa in the United Arab Emirates. In 1993., Lee Kun-hee sold ten Samsung Group's subsidiaries, downsized the company, and others joined operations to concentrate on three industries are electronics, engineering, and chemicals. In 1996, Samsung Group to buy back Sungkyunkwan University foundation.

Compared to other Korean big companies, Samsung survived the 1997 Asian financial crisis relatively big impact. However, Samsung Motor was sold to Renault have suffered significant losses. In 2010, the stock Renault Samsung is 80.1 percent owned by Renault and 19.9 percent owned by Samsung. In addition, Samsung manufactures a variety of aircraft from the 1980s-1990s. The company was founded in 1999 as Korea Aerospace Industries (KAI), the result of merger between then three domestic major aerospace division of Samsung Aerospace, Daewoo Heavy Industries, and Hyundai Space and Aircraft Company.

Samsung became the largest producer of memory chips in the world in 1992, and the world's second-largest chipmaker after Intel. Ten years later, Samsung grew to be the largest producer in the world to make liquid-crystal display panels. In 2006, S-LCD was established as a joint venture between Samsung and Sony in order to provide a stable supply of LCD panels for them and operate the factories and build facilities in Tangjung, South Korea.

Samsung's success as a provider of technology continues to evolve through the eighties such as Samsung Electronics has joined with Samsung Semiconductor and Telecommunications. This paved the way towards a strong hold on the international market with high-tech products that will become a staple in every home. This development continues as the next decade as Samsung continues to transcend borders and restructuring business plans to accommodate the global scene. Adopt new forms of management proved to be a wise move for the company as their product goes on the top list of must-haves in their various fields. TV-LCD, picture tube, Samsung printers and other high-tech products acquisitions became known for their high quality. When Samsung ventured into the LCD industry in 1993, became the best in the world. Excellent method of quality control of the company that made her successful in providing only the best products to the whole world. It applies a "Stop Line" system where every person can stop the production process in the event that the product found to be substandard.

History of Nokia

NOKIA is a company built for the purpose of industrial plant or cell. We investigate, said Nokia originated from the name of a community living on the river in the Lakes Emakoski Finland. NOKIA history discovered by Fredrik Idestam for pulp milling machine company in 1865. Later developed into a pulp machine and paper making in 1920 and is a leading paper manufacturer in Europe. 1950's chief executive officer (CEO) Björn Westerlund predict, future growth in some sectors (pulp and paper) will be limited and instead built an electronics division in Helsinki cable factory (here already start leads to seluluer).

For 15 years probation Nokia electronics experience from a variety of errors. However, of all the trial and error, it gradually awakened substantial skills of a talented group of experts. 1970s Nokia and Salora TV manufacturers joined forces to develop a mobile phone (cell phone). And in the 1980s the entire Salora integrated into Nokia. At the same time Nokia obtain telephone network operation of Government Telecommunications Company Televa. However, not all efforts be made Nokia the leading mobile phone manufacturer in the world was a success. 1980s the company bought German television factory, SEL, but was forced to leave because they do not run smoothly.

In early 1981, Nokia successfully launched a product called Nordic Mobile Telephony (NMT). NMT is the first multinational cellular network in the world. Therefore, throughout the 1980s, NMT was introduced to a number of countries and received overwhelming response. In the early 1990s Nokia was a crisis, but the new CEO, Jorma Ollila, decided to focus on mobile phones and phone networks. As a result, the first GSM phone in the world appeared in Finland in 1991. Then the global mobile phone market is growing very rapidly in the mid-1990s and Nokia to be number one. Now as many as 2,100 phone series Nokia gain success. Sales target of 500 thousand units were achieved in 1994. With a workforce of 54 thousand people, Nokia products sold in 130 countries. Now maybe everyone knows that cell phones are easy to operate NOKIA, because that's the motto of NOKIA.

Nokia is currently

Currently, Nokia has created a variety of phones with different functions. Nokia company has also ensured in terms of diversification and segmentation of each product. Nokia has always encouraged their companies to stay ahead in terms of research. In 1999, Nokia launched the Nokia 7110, a phone that has basic skills including web-based email functions. Around November 2001, Nokia launched its first mobile phone that has a built-in camera, the Nokia 7650 and Nokia 3650

Over the years, Nokia has been working to make the business practices and products that have a social responsibility to create and build eco-friendly handset mobile phone recycling scheme to bring the benefits of mobility to the emerging markets. Nokia also now facing challenges from all walks of life and different parts of the world, especially by iOS and Android. Motivated by this case in September 2010, Nokia appointed Stephen Elop as President and CEO who is also the former head of Microsoft's business division, following roles at Juniper Networks and Adobe Systems Inc.. Elop has a background of strong software knowledge and proven ability in delivering a change in management.

In February 2011, Nokia announced the merger of Nokia with Microsoft to strengthen its position in the smartphone market. This strategic partnership saw Nokia smartphone to adopt the new operating system Windows 7 air-platform goal is to build a third ecosystem to rival Nokia, iOS and Android rivals. With the merger of Nokia and Microsoft, Nokia unveiled Nokia's first smartphone that uses Windows Phone, the Nokia Lumia 800dan Nokia Lumia 710 in October 2011.

History of Sony Ericsson

History of Sony Ericsson. Sony Ericsson is a joint venture established on October 1, 2001 by the Japanese consumer electronics company Sony Corporation and the Swedish telecommunications company Ericsson to manufacture mobile phones. Another reason for this venture is to combine Sony's consumer electronics expertise with Ericsson's technological knowledge in the communications sector.

Ericsson:

In the United States, Ericsson partnered with General Electric in the early nineties, primarily to establish a U.S. presence and brand recognition. Ericsson, which had been in the cellular phone market for decades has struggled maximal but still earn huge losses. This is mainly due to the Philips factory fire in New Mexico that produces chips for their phones that cause delays in production and also due to the inability to produce cheap phones like Nokia.

In August 2001, the two companies (Sony and Ericsson) has completed the merger announced in April. The company has a workforce of 3,500 employees early. Merging the two companies did not go smoothly, Ericsson's market share actually fell and in August 2002, Ericsson said it would stop making mobile phones and end its partnership with Sony if the business continued to disappoint, however, in January 2003, both companies said they would inject more money into the joint venture in a bid to stem the losses.

Sony Ericsson's strategy was to release new models of mobile phones that have the capabilities like digital photos and other multimedia capabilities such as downloading and viewing video clips and personal information management capabilities. For this purpose, released several new models which had built-in digital camera and color screen is a novelty at the time. However, the joint venture continued to make bigger losses despite booming sales. Target to make a profit from its first year to 2002 was postponed to 2003 to second half of 2003. This Perusaah failed in its mission to become the top seller of multimedia handsets and was in fifth-place and struggling in 2005. Concentration of Sony Ericsson mobile phones are currently in production include: music, camera, business (web and email), design, eco-friendly, and budget focused phones. Six largest categories are:

W Series Walkman is a music phone Sony Ericsson brand, launched in 2005. Mobile Sony Ericsson W-series music phones are notable for being the first music series mobile phone, create a new market for portable music that was developing at the time. The main feature that can be seen in all the Walkman phones is to have the 'W' is pressed to open the media center. The latest model, Yendo, is the first Walkman phone with a full touch screen. Walkman branded phones are also produced for the Japanese market, where the mobile phone Walkman launched in 2009, Premier (Premier Cube), is able to play music from CD player directly to the phone via the connector.

Sony Ericsson GreenHeart, first introduced in 2009, heralded by the Sony Ericsson J105i Naite and C901 GreenHeart. It is focused on environmentally friendly theme, but still featured with recent mobile technology and multimedia capability. It is mainly uses eco-friendly materials and features apps.

Sony Ericsson's future plans are no longer using the Symbian mobile operating system. Now, mobile phone vendors who had tried to dim the shine back to focus work on phones based on Google's Android. Demkian statement noted one executive Sony Ericsson, Aldo Liguori. "Looking ahead, we have no plans to develop another Symbian-based devices (quoted from VentureBeat). Until the year 2010, Sony Ericsson is still using Symbian OS for besutannya Vivaz series ranks. However, these vendors could have put it to Android any time-as well as the Xperia X10. However, Sony Ericsson will remain a member of the Symbian Foundation-a nonprofit organization that addresses compatibility antarmanufaktur for Symbian OS adopters.

History Of Aqua in Indonesia

EARLY HISTORY OF ESTABLISHMENT

Aqua Group was founded by the late Tirto Utomo, a native of Wonosobo in 1973. Tirto Utomo or Kwa Sien Biauw (born in Wonosobo, March 9, 1930 - died March 16, 1994 at the age of 64 years) is pengusahaIndonesia. Graduated from Faculty of Law, University of Indonesia is known as the founder of Aqua Golden Mississippi in 1973. On March 16, 1994, he died and was buried in the cemetery of Chinese citizens in the immediate vicinity Krishna, WonosoboPadahal Tirto Utomo also previously worked at Pertamina. But to focus on his business, he give up his job at Pertamina.

Idea of ​​establishing a drinking water company Tirto arise when working as an employee of Pertamina in the early 1970s. When it Tirto duty to entertain delegates a U.S. company. But dinner was interrupted when his wife heads of delegations had diarrhea caused by consuming water that is not clean. Tirto later learned that her guests are coming from Western countries are not used to drinking boiled water, but water that has been sterilized. Initially a cynic with Tirto Utomo idea to sell bottled water price per bottle is initially equal to the price of 1 liter of premium gasoline. However Tirto Utomo sure, in the future Indonesia will lack clean water ready to drink, so that this idea continues to move on and not think about her sarcastic comments. Aqua is the market initially strangers in Indonesia, because they believe bottled water is more secure than sterile water and soil and water taps. By establishing a drinking water plant with sophisticated machines in Bekasi, so foreigners have more confidence with this drink bottled water.

Tirto and his brothers began to learn how to process packaged drinking water. He asked his brother, Slamet Utomo for internships in Polaris, a bottled water company that when it has been operating 16 years in Thailand. Not surprisingly, at first resembles Aqua Polaris products ranging from glass bottle shape, brand water treatment machines, to machine washing and filling water bottles. Derived from the Latin aqua meaning water, which was originally sold to a stranger, but then Tirto Utomo Indonesian people see the market also has the potential, so he sold the small size bottled water and placed in bus terminals in Jakarta and surrounding areas, and along the north coast of Central Java. This turned out to be successful, make Aqua demand by drivers of buses and passengers, as well as other communities. This shows, that the people of Indonesia desperately needs a clean bottle of mineral water.

Willy Sidhartha, sales and the first factory engine assemblers Aqua, is the first to improve the distribution system Aqua.Ia start with creating the concept of special delivery door to door which led to the direct delivery system Aqua. The concept of using shipping boxes and gallon-gallon using a fleet of specially designed Aqua consistently make sales to rise up to eventual sales figures Aqua reach two trillion dollars in 1985.

In 1984, a second factory was established in Pandaan AQUA, East Java in an attempt to get closer to consumers in the region. A year later, Aqua product development occurs in the form of 220 ml PET packs. This development makes Aqua products become more qualified and more safe for consumption.

In 1995, Aqua became the first mineral water plant which implement production system in line at the factory Mekarsari. Processing and manufacturing bottled water AQUA done simultaneously. Results in-line system is newly created AQUA bottle can be filled with clean water immediately at the end of the production process, so that the production process to be more hygienic.

In 1998, due to intense competition and the emergence of new competitors, Lisa Tirto as owner of Aqua Golden Mississippi after the death of her husband Tirto Utomo, Danone sold its shares to the Group on 4 September 1998. The acquisition is considered appropriate after some way development is not strong enough to save Aqua from the threat of new competitors. This contributed to an increase in product quality and put AQUA as a manufacturer of bottled mineral water (bottled water) which is the largest in Indonesia. In 2000, coinciding with the turn of the millennium, launches Aqua-Danone Aqua labeled products.

History Of Dental Medicine Education In Indonesia

History of dental education in Indonesia has actually been started since the reign of the Dutch East Indies. Surabaya is actually the start of dental education in Indonesia. Dental education is associated with the start of medical education in the Dutch East Indies. In 1847 dr. W Bosch, Chief Medical Officer of the Dutch East Indies colonial government in Batavia received a report that in Banyumas dangerous outbreak of various diseases.

This raises concerns the Dutch colonial government, so that every village chief (headman) was given a book with health guidance Javanese, Malay, so that every village can maintain the health of the village and its inhabitants. However, this method does not work. So on 29 November 1847 the Dutch colonial government decided to call the native youth to become educated healthcare interpreter. Those who qualify will be educated at the Military Hospital Weltevreden.

Weltevreden is a region in Central Jakarta which was originally a forest and grassland areas. This region is called Weltevreden estimated at area becomes the property of Cornelis Chastelein in 1697. Governor General Daendels then changed Weltevreden area into a capital for the European colonies in Southeast Asia. In January 1851 based on Gouvernements Besluit No.. 22, 1849 in Batavia (Jakarta) medical school established Java ("Java School Doctor").

Educated youths freely into interpreter were 30 health and education began in 1851. They were paid F.15 per month and given housing. Leadership and the schools implementing submitted to the Chief Medical Officer and Medical Officer Class 1 and 2 Military Hospital. Appointed as Chairman of the course is Dr. P. Bleeker (1851-1860). Healthcare Interpreters course then turns into medical school in 1853 with a Javanese three-year education period. The graduate school is given the title of Doctor of Java, in the duties they are under the supervision of Health Department of Civil Dutch government paid f.30 - f.50 per month.

History Toothpaste (Whitening Teeth)

First bristle toothbrush, similar to what we use today, Are Used in China around 1498. Is it made of tough hair feathers at the back of the neck pig Siberia ', and stuck Is To handle made of bamboo or bone. European traders visiting China Taking this model of raw home with 'em, goals Much Is the resistance of European fine. At that time, Europe Is not very good at brushing their teeth. Only the upper class that DID, and horsehair toothbrush gently Used THEM. Now THEY followed the ancient Roman custom of choosing their teeth after meals, using a brass or silver toothpicks. So rude pig hair not too popular models. Experiments performed with other animals, such as badgers, Trying to find the right hair for a toothbrush. Is swine-purpose hair Accepted Norms for the day. It was not until Louis Pasteur, French bacteriologist, Introducing the idea of ​​germs, people who take the All notices of What They Are Putting into their mouths. When the goals start to think about what they could in the fur of animals, and how they can gum infection from bacteria, then substitute Trying WS. The purpose was not until many years later That one WAS found.

Creating Du Pont nylon-bristle toothbrush

When Du Pont found nylon in 1938, they find All Kinds of uses for it. It Is tough, stiff, resilient, resistant to wear and tear, moisture-proof (so not stay wet and collect bacteria) - it is perfect for the toothbrush bristles. So they introduced Miracle Tuft Toothbrush Dr. West, and there Went Powerful marketing campaigns throughout the United States, telling the people of weakness pig-hair brush, and a nylon-bristle excitement.

Unfortunately, the first nylon and gums are very rigid person who damaged it, the area was not going to recommend their dentist '. Purposes in 1950, Du Pont has developed a soft nylon, and offers them to the public New Park Avenue Brush Is this - expensive models, but it is much more comfortable. The first electric toothbrush Create new markets. In 1961, WS Technology Applied for toothbrush. Be the want all electric, so Introduced Broxodent Squibb Company, the first electric toothbrush. It automatically brushed up and down, That the approval of the American Dental Association (ADA). Then General Electric one-upped Squibb to create a toothbrush with a wireless battery operated It can be recharged. There is A Whole Line Of Those available today, even sonic toothbrush.

Most people today opt for nylon-bristle manual toothbrush simple. ADA purposes, even though they agreed to this method of teeth whitening, to warn people of the downside - many people remain too long before their toothbrush Replace Them. They Say You Should Buy a new toothbrush bristles Before then get bent Because They Did not do a good job of cleaning your teeth and damage your gums THEY Cdn.

Teeth whitening begins with toothpaste

Now we will look at the history of toothpaste. Actually used in toothpaste Egypt in 2000 BC, made of powdered pumice stone and wine vinegar, brushed with a chew stick. Such birds as it sounds, it's not dirty Compared to how toothpaste Rome 'WS. It Is made from human urine! The first-century Roman doctors believed that urine was whitened teeth and Saved They also remain in place. Goals should have SUCCEED, Because This is used as an active ingredient in toothpaste and mouthwash too Entering the 18th century. Do You Believe This is still used today? ITS is not in its original form, the modern dentist aimed Recognized That It Is Cleaned It ammonia teeth, and THEY are still using it.

Is teeth whitening first barber Actual

Red-and-white barber pole old WS what appears to you if you want to whiten your teeth. Doubling as a barber dental surgeons, especially for pulling teeth. THEY aussi purpose bleached teeth. Is it Valued sparkling smile in Those Days. It Must Have Been - barber-surgeons Is file down the teeth of patients with this type of metal file, then rub em with highly-corrosive nitric acid. Talk about cosmetic dentistry! This is definitely your teeth whitened, But It Also Destroyed enamel, causing tooth decay contingent of. All-important goal flashing smiles are motivated to continue to clean up acid into the 18th century.

Fluoride is not a new thing for teeth whitening

In 1802 Italian dentist look yellowish brown spots on the teeth of their patients'. They bring their research conclusions that cam spot of tooth enamel and reaction between high levels of fluoride in soil and water. What kind of goals despite bad spots, gear Is it really healthy - no cavities. So fluoride Being Recognized as a Good Thing. Dentist in 1840, Italy and France recommended Should people start at a young age, sucking honey sweet, fluoride lozenges. Increase the value of fluoride WS. In fact, in 1915, American scientists experimented with adding fluoride to drinking water. They Are Driven by positive social outcomes, that "the use of water to disperse fluoride toothpaste and mouthwash, drastically reducing the cavities. Order today, too much fluoride can cause stains on teeth. Dentists have found that many children are brushing their teeth with fluoride toothpaste was NOT from swallowing their spit it out. And it causes discoloration of the teeth Later in life. And with research, list Other Things that cause stained teeth has-been Identified.

Need stained teeth whitening

So teeth whitening Is Focus Many people today, throughout the world. There Is demand for cosmetic dentistry in North America and bleach teeth Industrie has picked up on this, and answer the call. For example, take a survey conducted in 2002 by the ADA and Colgate, in Mana dentist Said fastest-Growing share of their business WS teeth whitening, with a growth rate of 25.1%. And the American Academy of Cosmetic Dentistry says the number of teeth whitening and bleaching procedures done Being has increased more than 300% over the last 5 years.

And if you want to have a professional do your teeth whitening, then You Can Have BriteSmile Professional Teeth Whitening treatment, it is done at the dentist's office in an hour. Or if you just want to go to the drugstore and buy a teeth whitening system, you can do that too. There are now famous Crest White Strips, Strip That you put on your teeth for a short period of time. Other company and product has similar, such as Ultra-White, which was developed by a Cosmetic Dentist in 1996. They've been online since 1997 Been and doing a booming business.

There are Other Names On Teeth Whitening Industry, too, such as Du-More, Ranir, Rembrandt, Den-Mat, and GoSmile, just to mention a few. The result can be viewed as you walk in the street, or when you look around the room at a party, or when you are watching TV or movies. There is a bright white smile wherever you go. And if you want to add you, get the latest teeth whitening system and join the crowd. You will feel more confident about yourself. You will be more willing to flash your beautiful smile.

History Brush Teeth

Toothbrush is a tool to clean your teeth with a small brush shaped handle. Commonly added to toothpaste toothbrush before brushing your teeth. Toothbrush of many kinds, from the fine to coarse fur, a small to large, and various design handles. Most dentists recommend using a soft brush though less fluffy toothbrush effectively cleans between teeth for hard-bristled toothbrushes can damage enamel and gums hurt.

According to the dentist, brushing teeth done at least twice a day ie morning after breakfast and before bedtime. Brushing teeth is also advisable to use a toothpaste that helps clean teeth clean and fragrant. A result of infrequent toothbrushing is the plaque on the teeth resulting from the accumulation of debris on the teeth. Dental plaque can cause cavities if left unchecked can make your teeth ache. In addition to plaque and cavities, lack of brushing can also lead to bad breath is not pleasant to be shunned by friends around.

History

Estimated toothbrush has been around since 3500 BC by the Babylonians and Egyptians. Based on the findings of this history, toothbrushes declared as one of the oldest instruments still used by humans until now. Babylonians and Egyptians used chewingstick (chewing sticks) as a toothbrush. This chewing sticks of wood they take from the plant Salvadora persica or that we are familiar with miswak. This plant is believed to be medicinal and antiseptic ability. The trick is by biting one end of the stick so that over time the wood fibers to form like toothbrush bristles. They rub the teeth using wood sticks. They also sharpened wooden tip to clean between the teeth.

Siwak use continues even in the Arab civilization to the present, and its use spread to other countries participate, especially in the Islamic Golden Age during which science is growing rapidly, including in the field kesehatan.Dari Arab civilization, history continues to China, where the Chinese began to develop a brush teeth in a more modern form. They are regarded as the inventor of the toothbrush with the shape as we see today. In the 15th century, the Chinese use the fur of the Siberian wild boar, and then attach the bamboo sticks. The tool then they use modern crate manual toothbrush today.

This toothbrush from China and brought to Europe. Because boar bristles have shortcomings such as its texture is too rough for gum, some people began to modify by replacing it using a feather found on the back of a horse that is more gentle on teeth and gums. However, using a toothbrush bristle boar still more widely used because horses are very valuable animals of the era.

In Europe alone there are also other alternative ways to clean your teeth, that is by the Greeks. They use linen cloth or sponge soaked in oil sulfur and salt solution. Sometimes the fabric is attached to a stick to help reach the back teeth. Although there are two ways to clean your teeth, most Europeans when it still has no teeth brushing activities in his life. Around 1780, the first modern toothbrush was made by William Addis of Clerkenald, England. The idea of ​​making Addis toothbrush obtained when he was in prison. He made a toothbrush to clean their teeth using bone from his dinner, and then combine it with a bristle brush guards that he borrowed from custody.

These findings are much better than the cloth that was given soot and salt when it is used to clean teeth. Addis After his release, he became the first mass-produced toothbrush. At that time, he made use of mass toothbrushes horses tied to the cow bone. During the first world war, the need to make bone soup is more important than to make toothbrush handles. So, was found the first tooth brush handles are made of plastic. The handle of the toothbrush is made of plastic and the best choice for the manufacture of toothbrushes.

Use bristle brushes of animal hair still continue to be used until 1937. Until the end,'' Wallace H. Carohers'' creates nylon bristle at Du Pont laboratories. This last discovery changed history forever toothbrush. In 1938, nylon became one marks the start of the modern era, ranging from the creation of nylon stockings to the creation of'' Dr. West's Miracle-Tuft Toothbrush'', the first toothbrush made of nylon.

Nylon fiber seems to be the best option to replace the brush bristles from animals because it has many advantages such as, texture coat more manageable and cheaper production costs. Toothbrush company also found that the shape of this nylon bristle brush shapes and sizes can be adjusted in diameter to produce better brushing performance. However, nylon has disadvantages compared with boar bristles that it is more difficult to dry so easily covered with bacteria. Although nylon continues to dominate the market today toothbrush, tooth brush with boar bristles was also still marketed with the percentage of 10 per cent are sold all over the world.

After the Second World War, Americans began to be more concerned about the health of the oral cavity. Regular brushing with increasingly popular after the soldiers returned home with a habit of brushing gigi.Kebiasaan discipline is also encouraging the development of further toothbrushes and oral hygiene helps to raise the issue to the forefront. Currently, there are more than 3,000 patents worldwide toothbrush, the brand, the design, and the colors of the infinite creation. The company now also offers a toothbrush made specifically to meet the needs of each patient. Ranging from design bristle brush, texture, size of the brush head, until an alternative use of an electric toothbrush.

History of Clothes Kebaya

Kebaya dress is traditional clothing worn by the women of Malaysia and Indonesia. He done than gauze paired with a sarong, batik, or other traditional clothing such as songket with a colorful motif. Believed to originate kebaya rather than the Arab countries. The Arabs brought baju kebaya (the Arabic "abaya") to the archipelago of hundreds of years ago. Then spread to Malacca, Java, Bali, Sumatra, and Sulawesi. After the entry into force of cultural assimilation which lasted for hundreds of years, the clothing is accepted by the local population.

Prior to the year 1600 on the island of Java, kebaya is the only clothing worn by the royal family group there. During the Dutch colonial era on the island, the first European women wearing kebaya as Rasmi clothes. Every day, kebaya changed from only using mori fabric using silk with colorful embroidery. Clothes that resemble the so-called "mistress kebaya" was first invented by the Peranakan people than Melaka. They wear the sarong and beautiful beaded sandals called "shoe manek". Now, mistress kebaya is undergoing renewal, and also among women not famous in asia. Apart than the traditional kebaya, expert fashion is looking for ways to modify the design and make kebaya become something more moden. Kebaya is modified must be worn with pants jeans.

Kebaya history

According to Denys Lombard in his book Java Nusa: Cross Culture (1996) Kebaya derived from the Arabic 'Kaba' which bererti 'clothing' and introduced by the Portuguese when they landed in Southeast Asia. Kebaya said diertikan as types of clothing (tops / blouse) used the first Indonesian women during the period of the 15th century or 16th Masihi. Lombard argument by analogy certainly thank especially the linguistic searches yet until now we still know 'Abaya' which means long tunic typical Arab. While others believe Kebaya nothing to do with clothing tunic women during kekasiran Ming in China, and this influence is transmitted after a massive immigration visited the peninsula of South and Southeast Asia in the 13th century until the 16th

History T-Shirt

Apparel T-shirt is a simple lightweight for the upper body, usually short-sleeved. A T-shirt usually without buttons and collar, with a round neck and short sleeves. This dress can be worn by anyone, both men and women, and for all age groups, including infants, adolescents, and adults. Rebel Without a Cause: this is the movie that popularized aka T-shirt T-shirt, especially among young people in the second half of the 1950s. James Dean, the main actor in the film's production in 1955, wearing a T-shirt, blue jeans and a red jacket, of course-do not forget to also hair cowlick. T-shirts, jeans, and leather jackets became a kind of symbol of youth rebellion.

Previously, Marlon Brando shocked the fashion world with his shirt through the film A Streetcar Named Desire in 1951. In the official poster film directed by Elia Kazan looked Brando wore a white T-shirt with the sleeves rolled up to reveal a beefy arm. He was hugging Vivien Leigh, actress co-star in the film. Kaos has since become an alternative style of dress of young people. Marlon Brando and James Dean was a rebel who made the popular shirts through movies. It should be noted, they then use a plain shirt graphics without the slightest touch.

Flowers generation with his hippie tie-dye T-shirt using the identity of his people. This model spread to Indonesia up to the level of the villages. Came the shirts are dyed into the liquid dye wantek. Previously, shirts tied with string-like techniques jumputan.

Youth protest at the Vietnam war policy in the late 1960s with shirts protesting peacefully "Make Love Not War" and "Give Peace a Chance". One of the wearer is John Lennon, composer "Give Peace a Chance". Symbol of peace, peace, Gerald Holtom design shaped like the steering wheel and printed on T-shirts worn people everywhere, including Indonesia.

Since the shirt was never out of their youth culture and young hearted. T-shirts into the transmitter all forms of "ideology" of music, tastes, to politics. This is an "evolution" because previous shirt undershirts alias is passing underwear became outerwear long process and a part of pop culture. In 1913 the U.S. Navy made the T-shirts as the official coat dress. Soldiers stationed in hot temperate areas often only wearing a T-shirt. Since then, precisely in 1920, T-shirts come in an entry in the Merriam-Webster dictionary.

History of Dress Shirts

Clothing Shirt comes from the Portuguese, Camisa is a shirt or dress up, especially for men. Clothing to cover arms, shoulders, chest down to the stomach. In general, collared and buttoned front, made of cotton, linen, etc. (some long-sleeved, short-sleeved some) Another name is, kamisa, which is still close to its original form, blouse, from the French language, especially for women and the hem of the Dutch language.

Until the early renaissance Europe, classified shirt garment inside. Status trustworthy man to declare shirt. But the white linen covering to be very difficult with a fondness for the renaissance to the shoulder, chest and forearm. In 1530 and later received a shirt mybe modern look at the neck and wrists, which can be bent collar clothes. At the end of the 19th century shirts are acceptable. Now time high collared shirt. But in 1917, found the pressure of the collar and the neck does not look good to the eye, and the collar then bent, which is seen in today.

Type of shirt

• Camp shirt - short sleeve shirt or a simple blouse with front pocket and collar kamping
• Dress shirt - shirt with collar formal (somewhat stiff), generally with a full opening from the bottom up and save a buttoned collar and sleeves with cuffs
• Dinner shirt - a shirt specifically made to be worn with male evening wear, eg black tie or white tie
• Winchester Shirt - a colored shirt or a striped shirt with a collar, but white and cuffs
• Guayabera - an embroidered shirt (embroidered) with four pockets
• Poet shirt - a loose shirt or blouse with sleeves bishop full, usually with big frills on the front and on the cuffs.
• T-shirt - see definitions and history of t-shirts in another page dacostume.com
• Polo SHIRT - see definitions and history of the shirt in another page dacostume.com
• Baseball shirt - usually distinguished by a three quarters sleeve, team insignia, and flat waistline seam
• Tunic - This name comes from the Latin, tunica, typically worn by men and women in Ancient Rome, distinguished by two-piece construction.
• Shirtwaist - the general term for the bodice of the dress or blouse or shirt for women of the early 19th century through the Edwardian period
• Night shirt - Clothing mild to sleep.
• Sleeveless Shirt - A sleeveless shirt. Referred to as a tank top
• Halter top - a sleeveless, sleeveless garment products for women. Typically using a strap at the back of the neck and lower back, wearing apron bleak

History of Mathematics

Mathematics is an abstract field of knowledge that is built with the help of logical reasoning on concepts such as numbers, figures, structures and transformations. According to Berggren, JL, 2004, the discovery of mathematics at the time of Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt, are based on many original documents are still written by the scribe. Although the documents in the form of artifacts is not too much, but they are considered to be able to express mathematics in these times. Mathematical artifacts found indicate that the Mesopotamian nation has had many remarkable mathematical knowledge, although they are still primitive mathematical and deductive have not been prepared as it is now. Mathematics in Ancient Egyptian times can be learned from the artifacts found are then referred to as the Rhind Papyrus (edited the first time in 1877), has given an idea of ​​how mathematics in ancient Egypt has been growing rapidly. Artifacts related to math found related to areas such as the royal kingdom 3000 BC Sumerian, Akkadian and Babylonian regime (2000 BC), and the Assyrian empire (1000 BC), Persian (6-4 century BC), and Greece (century to 3-1 BC).

Math Lessons

At least ancient Greek mathematician noted that Thales and Pythagoras important. Thales and Pythagoras thought pioneered in the field of geometry, but Pythagoras who start doing or making mathematical proofs. Until the reign of Alexander the Great of Greece and thereafter, has recorded monumental work of Euclidean form of the work book called Element (elements) which is the first book that compiled Geometry deduction. Important treatise of the early period of Islamic mathematics much missing, so there are still unanswered questions about the relationship between the many early Islamic mathematics and mathematicians from Greece and India. In addition, the number of relatively small number of documents that caused us trouble to explore the extent to which the role of Islamic mathematicians in the development of mathematics in Europe next. But a clear, sizable donations Islamic mathematicians simultaneously with the rise of modern thought emerged himpunanelah dark ages until about the 15th century AD himpunanelah.

The invention of the printing press printing in the modern era, which is around the 16th century, has enabled the mathematicians to each other to communicate more intensively, thus able to publish works great. Hilbert came up to his day who sought to create a system of mathematics as a single, complete and consistent. But Hilbert effort can then be broken or found guilty by his own student named Godel which states that it is impossible to single mathematical created, complete and consistent. Geometry and Algebra ancient issue, can be found in the documents stored in Berlin. One of the problems such as estimating the length of the diagonal of a rectangle. They menggunakanhubungan between the long sides of the rectangle and then they find a right-angled triangle. The relationship between the sides of the bracket then known as the Pythagorean Theorem. The Pythagorean theorem actually been used for more than 1000 years before being discovered by Pythagoras.

The Babylonians had found sexagesimal number system is then useful to perform calculations related to the sciences of astrology. Babylonian astronomers at the time have been trying to predict an event by associating with astronomical phenomena such as lunar eclipses and planetary tipping point in the cycle (conjunction, opposition, stationary point, and the first and last visibility). They found the technique to calculate the position (expressed in degrees of latitude and longitude, measured relative to the Sun's annual path is clear movement) with successively adding the appropriate term in arithmetic progression. Mathematics in Ancient Egypt as well as due to the influence of Masopotamia and Babylon, but also influenced by the Egyptian context has a wide stream and long live the Egyptian society with civilization. The issue arose because of the public relations activities of the Egyptians faced survive natural conditions that can lead to conflict between them, such as how to demarcate the region, alongside paddy fields or himpunanelah Nile flood occurred which resulted in their land silted up to a few meters. From one of these cases later appeared notion or idea about the area, boundaries and forms. So the days of ancient Egypt, Geometry has grown rapidly as a branch of mathematics.

In a relatively short time (maybe only a century or less), a method developed by the Babylonians and Ancient granular been up to the hands of the Greeks. For example, Hipparchus (2nd century BC) prefers geometric approach Greek predecessors, but then he uses the method of Mesopotamia and adopted the sexagesimal style. Through the Greeks were forwarded to the medieval Arab scientists and from there to Europe, where it still stands out in mathematical astronomy during the Renaissance and early modern period. To this day remains in use minutes and seconds to measure time and angles. Aspects of Babylonian mathematics that has come to Greece has increased the quality of the mathematical work with not only believe denganbentuk-physical form only, melainan gained confidence through mathematical proofs. The principles of the Pythagorean theorem known since the days of Babylon is laid which is about a thousand years before the Greek era, began to be proven mathematically by Pythagoras in ancient Greece.

In the days of Ancient Greece, during the period from about 600 BC to 300 BC, known as the classical period of mathematics, mathematics changed from function to structure a coherent practical deductive knowledge. Change the focus of practical problem solving knowledge of the truth to the general mathematical theory of change and the development of mathematical objects into a discipline. The Greeks showed concern for the logical structure of mathematics. The followers of Pythagoras trying to find the exact

The length of the hypotenuse of a right triangle. But they can not find a certain number of the same scale as it applies to all sides of the triangle. It is then known as Incommensurability issues, namely the scale is not the same in order to obtain a certain number of the hypotenuse. If forced to use the same scale (or commensurabel) then in the end they find that the length of the hypotenuse is not an integer but irrational numbers.

Achievements of the Ancient Greeks is a monumental work of Euclidean Geometry axiomatic. The main source for reconstructing pre-Euclidean named book by Euclides Elements (elements), where most of the content is still relevant and used until the present. Element consists of 13 volumes. Book I deals with triangle congruence, the properties of parallel lines, and the relationship of the area of ​​a parallelogram and a triangle; Book II set kehimpunanaraan associated with squares, rectangles, and triangles; volume contains properties Circles, and Book IV contains the polygon in a circle. Most of the contents of Book I-III are the works of Hippocrates, and the contents of Book IV can be attributed to Pythagoras, so it can be understood that this element of the book has its history to centuries before. Book V outlines a general theory of proportion, which is a theory that does not require restrictions to the amount of worth. This general theory derived from Eudoxus.

Based on the theory, Book VI describes the rectilinear nature and generalization of the theory of congruence in Book I. Book VII-IX contains what the Greeks called "arithmetic," the theory of integers. This includes the properties of numerical proportion, the largest divisor, common multiples, and primes (Book VII); proposition in numerical progression and square (Book VIII), and specific outcomes, such as the unique factorization into primes in, the existence of which is not limited number of primes, and the formation of a "perfect" numbers, ie numbers which equals the number of divisors (Book IX). In some form, originating from Theaetetus Book VII and Book VIII of Archytas. X book presents the theory of irrational lines and comes from the work of Theaetetus and Eudoxus. Xiberisi book about waking up space; Book XII prove theorems on the ratio of a circle, the ratio of the ball, and the volume of pyramids and cones. Heritage of Greek mathematics, especially in geometry, is very large. From the early period of the Greek people do not set goals in terms of mathematics practical procedure but as a theoretical discipline is committed to developing a general proposition and a formal demonstration. The range and diversity of their findings, especially those from the 3rd century BC, geometry has become the subject matter for ages himpunanelah that, although the tradition is transmitted to the Middle Ages and the Renaissance is incomplete and flawed.

The rapid rise of mathematics in the 17th century was based in part on the renewal of the ancient mathematics and mathematics on the Greek era. Mechanics of Galileo and calculations made Kepler and Cavalieri, a direct inspiration for the Archimedes. The study of geometry by Apollonius and Pappus stimulated by new approaches in geometry-for example, by Descartes developed analytic and projective theory of Girard Desargues.

Revival of mathematics in the 17th century along with the rise of the thinking of the philosopher as an anti-thesis of a dark age where truth is dominated by the Church. Then Copernicus is a groundbreaking figure who challenged the Church's position that the earth as the center of the universe, and instead he expressed the idea that it is the sun that the Earth was not the center of the solar system, while the surrounding earth. This revival era became known as the Modern Age, which is characterized by the emergence of figures such mathematicians as well as philosophical thinker Immanuel Kant, Rene Descartes, David Hume, Galileo, Kepler, Cavalieri, and so on.