History Of Car

Car (short of an automobile which comes from the Greek 'autos' (self) and Latin 'movére' (move)) is a wheeled vehicle that carries four or more own machines. Type of car including buses, vans, trucks. Operation of the car is called driving.

History

The first vehicle that works with steam may first designed by Ferdinand Verbiest, circa 1672. She designed toy vehicle measuring 65 cm for Chinese kingdom, which can not carry passengers. It is not known if Verbiest made vehicle models ever produced or not.

In 1752, Leonty Shamshurenkov, a Russian national, construct a human-powered vehicle. He also equips his vehicle with the odometer. Vehicles that he made similar to a sleigh.

The first steam-powered vehicle was made in the late 18th century. Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot successfully demonstrated that three-wheeled vehicle in 1769. The first vehicles are powered steam engines, steam engines may increase the most recognized, developed in Birmingham, England by the Lunar Society. And also in Birmingham car power station was first made in Britain in 1896 by Frederick William Lanchester who also patented the disc brake. In the 1890s, ethanol is used as a source of energy in the United States.

Popularity

Cugnot discovery of low usage seen in his native France, and the findings forwarded to Britain, where Richard Trevithick runs a steam-wagon in 1801. Vehicles are considered weird at first, but after the discovery of the decade, such as the hand brake, multi-speed transmission, and increased speed and steering wheel, making it a success.

Today, America has more cars than any other country. Japan took the lead in the manufacture of cars, but the Japanese population could not afford to run a car because parking a rare and expensive fuel prices

Innovation

The first automobile patent in the United States granted to Oliver Evans in 1789; in 1804 Evans demonstrated his first car, which is not only the first car in the U.S. but also the first amphibious vehicle, the vehicle could power the steam-way on land and in the water wheels used wheels padel.

Generally the first automobile internal combustion engines using gasoline made almost simultaneously in 1886 by German inventors working independently. Karl Benz on July 3, 1886 in Mannheim, and Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach in Stuttgart.

On 5 November 1895, George B. Selden granted U.S. patent for a two-stroke engine. This patent gives a negative impact on the development of automobile industry in the U.S.. Spectacular breakthrough made by Berta Benz in 1888. Steam engine, electricity, and gasoline competed for decades, with gasoline internal combustion engines achieving dominance in the 1910s.

Large-scale production-line manufacturing of affordable cars made by Oldsmobile in 1902, and later developed a large scale by Henry Ford in the 1910s. In the period from 1900 to the mid-1920s the development of automotive technology was rapid, due to the large number (hundreds) of small car makers are all vying to grab the attention of the world.

Major developments including electronic ignition and electronic self-starter (both by Charles Kettering, for the Cadillac Company in 1910-1911), independent suspension, four tires and brakes.

In the 1930's, mostly in automotive technology have been created, though often re-created at a later date and given credit to someone else. For example, the front-wheel steering recreated by Andre Citroën Traction Avant in the launch in 1934, although this technology has appeared several years earlier in cars made by Alvis and Cord, and in racing cars by Miller (and may have appeared as early as 1897 ).

After 1930, the number of car manufacturers drastically reduced berpasan with industry join together and mature. Since 1960, the number of producers is almost fixed, and reduced innovation. In many cases, the new technology only improvement from the previous technology. Dengam exceptions in the discovery engine management, which entered the market in the 1960s, when electronic goods become cheap enough for mass production and strong enough to handle the harsh environment of the car. Developed by Bosch, these electronic tools can make car exhaust is drastically reduced while increasing engine efficiency and power.

Security

Car accident nearly as old as the car itself. Joseph Cugnot crashed into the steam-powered car "fardier" with a wall in 1770. First fatal car accident recorded was Bridget Driscoll on August 17, 1896 in London, and Henry Bliss on 13 September 1899 in New York City.

Every year more than a million people died and about 50 million people were injured in traffic (according to WHO estimates). The main cause of the accident was the driver drunk or under the influence of drugs, is not a concern, too tired, dangers on the road (such as snow, holes, animal, and careless drivers). Facility security has been made in the car for years. Cars have two basic safety problems: They have drivers who often make mistakes and lose tire friction when braking close to half of gravity. Automatic control has been proposed and made an example of.

Initial research focused on improving the brakes and reduce the fire hazard fuel system. Systematic research in crash safety began in 1958 at Ford Motor Company. Since then, much research focuses on energy absorption outside with panels that easily destroyed and reduce human movement in the passenger compartment.

History of Motorcycle

Motorcycles are now likely to be one of the most popular transportation tool in the world, especially in Indonesia. Will you pay attention on the road, so many motorcycles that pass or who are waiting in line when the red light is on.

Do you know where they come from motorcycles, nobody had a significant role in the development of motorcycles and motorcycle history to how to go to Indonesia?

There are three people who are recognized as the inventor of the motorcycle, Ernest Michaux (France), Edward Butler (UK) and Gottlieb Daimler (Germany). Motorcycles were first designed in 1868 by Ernest Michaux French nationality. At that time, the planned propulsion is steam engine, but the project was not successful. Then in 1885 Edward Butler tried to improve it by making the other vehicle uses three wheels and driven by the motor of the type of internal combustion engine.

In 1885 a German engineer Gottlieb Daimler and his partner, Wilhelm Maybach became the first motorcycle fabricators in the world. Daimler pair of small four-stroke engine on a wooden bicycle. Machine is placed in the middle (between the front and rear wheels) and connected by a chain to the rear wheel. Then the wooden bike engine was named Reitwagen (riding car).

At that time the vehicle type is not yet known to the public. Until the year 1892, Henry Hilderband of Munich, West Germany introduced a new model motorcycles. And was followed again by Werner Brothers in 1897. The first motorcycle sold to the public was made by the motorcycle factories Hildebrand und Wolfmüller in Munich, Germany in 1893. Motorcycle rear wheel is driven directly by the crankshaft (crankshaft).

In 1895 motorcycle first came to the United States, specifically to the city of New York. In the same year, a U.S. inventor, EJ Pennington, in Milwaukee, demonstrate self-designed motorcycle. Pennington eventually regarded as the first to introduce the term motorcycle (motorbike).

In the same year, Triumph, the British motorcycle manufacturer decided to make motorcycles. Four years later, 1902, the company produced the first motorcycle, but still using the machines from Belgium. Later in 1905, Triumph motorcycle produced its own intact.

In 1903, William S Harley and his friend Arthur Davidson, producing motorcycles in Milwaukee, United States, and named the Harley Davidson motorcycle. In 1904, another U.S. company, Indian Motorcycle Manufacturing Company, located in Springfield, Massachusetts, came to the Indian Motorcycle Single.

Then came World War I (1914-1918), the company became a motorcycle manufacturer with the largest production in the world. Indian Motorcycle Manufacturing Company closed in 1953 and the Indian brand was taken over by Royal Enfield.

After World War I until 1928, the company that manufactures the world's largest motorcycle is a Harley Davidson. In 1921, BMW motorcycle comes with rear-wheel driven using Koppel (shaft drive). In the 1930's there were about 80 motorcycle brands in the UK, including Norton, Triumph, AJS, and other brands that are not so famous, like New Gerrard, NUT, SOS, Chell and Whitwood.

The development of motorcycles in Europe, also sparked by World War II (1939-1945), where motorcycles are made for military purposes. After World War II, in 1946, Italian designers, Piaggio, Vespa scooter introduced and immediately attracted the attention of the world.

In 1949, Honda manufactures motorcycles with two stroke engines. However, the sound of two stroke engines are noisy and smelling smoke coming out of the exhaust makes Honda four-stroke engine develops.

In 1951, BSA Group (UK) bought Triumph Motorcycles and became the largest motorcycle manufacturer in the world. Then the BSA position was taken over by NSU (Germany) in 1955. However, since the 1970's until now, Honda noted as the largest motorcycle manufacturer in the world.

In 1952, Honda produces motorcycle known as a cub. Popularity duck type motorcycle is making a Japanese motorcycle companies such as Kawasaki, Yamaha, and Suzuki motorcycles modeled this type of duck.

Interesting figure, a powerful engine and easy to maintain, as well as competitive prices make Japanese motorcycles, the Honda, Suzuki, Yamaha, and Kawasaki, very popular and until now dominate the world motorcycle market. However, the names of Harley Davidson motorcycles remains a popular, especially in the United States. Likewise, BMW, Triumph and Ducati.

Motorcycles first entered Indonesia in 1893. The motorcycle was purchased by John C. Potter, a machinist first sugar mill Oemboel, Probolinggo, East Java. He ordered himself a motorcycle it directly to the manufacturer in Munich.

History of Television

Television is no longer a luxury for most people in the world. Almost all homes have this one thing. Various TV stations broadcasting with various programs presented with the picture quality and sound are slick, making television as a source of all information, news, and entertainment that takes us all.

The beginning of the discovery of television would not be separated from the basic discovery, namely Electromagnetic Waves law discovered by Joseph Henry and Michael Faraday (1831) which is the beginning of the era of electronic communication. In 1873 a telegraph operator discovered that light affects the electrical resistance of selenium. He realized it could be used to convert light into electrical current using a photocell silenium (selenium photocell) Then a student named Paul Nipkow in Berlin, Germany in 1884 discovered a small metal disc rotating with holes in it and is referred to as embryo birth of television.

Around 1920 John Logie Baird and Charles Francis Jenkins using the work of Paul Nipkow disc to create a system in image capture, transmission, and reception. In 1923 Vladimir Zworykin Kozma, register a patent in his name for his invention, kinescope, the world's first television tubes. Zworykin openness to criticism, again making new discoveries ie a camera tube called iconoscope. He was later referred to as the inventor of television. (1889-1982).

ELECTRONIC

Electronic television rather stagnant development in those years, this was due to less mechanical television and hardiness. Until Kosmo Vladimir Zworykin and Philo T. Farnsworth managed to find electronic TV. Both Farnsworth, and Zworykin, working separately, and both succeeded in making progress for a TV commercial with a very affordable cost.

In 1935, they began to broadcast using a fully electronic system. But unfortunately at that time all the people can only see it in black and white format. In those days the TV screen size is only about three to eight inches so the competition mechanics and electronics are not so real.

Decades later to the beginning of the 21st century, people are used to talking on a mobile phone and digital sending e-mail through the computer network world, but television technology at its core remains the same.

Of course there are a few developments such as stereo sound and a better color, but there is a big leap that is able to shake up our perceptions of television.

History of Bicycles

Historically, the bike was found in France in the late 18th century. The country's two-wheeled transport is named Velocipede. Over the years, Velocipede is the only term that refers to the results of the design of two-wheeled vehicles. But according to another source, said first bicycle was invented in England around 1970.

Historically, the bike was found in France in the late 18th century. The country's two-wheeled transport is named Velocipede. Over the years, Velocipede is the only term that refers to the results of the design of two-wheeled vehicles. But according to another source, said first bicycle was invented in England around 1970.

When first created, do not imagine it is a complete bike as the bikes do you have now. The so-called bike at the time was two round boards that serve as the wheel is then connected to the wood frame to unify the two. We can imagine how awkward and the look of the bike at the time. Forerunners of the bike is then given the name of Hobby Horses and Celeriferes.

In 1818, a student of mathematics and mechanics in Heidelberg, Germany named Baron von Drais Karls Sauerbronn Velocipede tune to have the steering mechanism on the front wheels. Drais provide a system that allows the front wheels can turn right or left. By taking the energy of motion of both legs, Drais able to glide faster time around the garden. Drais homemade bike is nicknamed "dandy horse" (horse style). Drais himself calls this vehicle with the name, Draisienne.

The process of creation is then performed by Kirkpatrick Macmillan. It was in 1839, in England, Mac Milan who worked as a blacksmith began to think of making a better bike. Later, Mac Milan managed to create a bike that can move without set foot on the ground. He added that the drive shaft that connects the rear wheel with the front tire and put a wooden pedal to get them moving wheels. To run it, just pedal there.

Meanwhile, in Paris, France, a man named Kirkpatrick Macmillan also trying to modify the bike made Drais. Michaux and his son made the bike run with the pedal. Bikes made Michaux obtain extraordinary acclaim. With the pedal, riding a lighter and fun. To be able to run fast bike, the front wheel to enlarge it.

This vehicle is the perfect after a Frenchman named Pierre Lallement strengthen wheels by adding an iron circle around it (now known as the rim or wheel) in 1865. Lallement also introduced a bike with the front wheel larger than the rear wheels.

In 1870, James Starley started making bikes with the huge front wheel was very small rear wheel. Starley then managed to make a breakthrough by creating wheel radius and cross-tangent method. With a system of spokes on a wheel, Starley can save wood material and make a lighter bike to ride. Unfortunately, the bike with big wheels it has many shortcomings. Because the position of the pedals and the seat is high enough, the women and the people who do not complain of difficulty so high to drive.

Fortunately, in 1886 the gap repaired by Starley's nephew John Kemp Starley named. He managed to create a safer bike to be ridden by anyone. He put a chain and equalize the amount of front and rear wheels. Equally important discovery also made John Boyd Dunlop in 1888. Dunlop motorcycle tires managed to find a technology that can be filled with air (pneumatic tire). From here, the beginning of the rapid progress of the bike. Then the pace of the bike was no longer shaking and various forms of bicycle successfully created.

Subsequent discovery that contributed bicycling technology, ie as brake, gear ratio which can be removable, chains, handlebars that can be moved and many more which makes the bike more comfortable to ride. Since then more and more people to use bicycles as a means of transportation. Although its functions are now being replaced by motorcycles and cars, but bikes still have quite a lot of fans.

History of Malaysia

History of Malaysia is a new branch of the history of the world versus Malay-Indonesian and Rapet narrower. Culturally and linguistically, there is a new era when so little for the distinguished areas of Malaysia which now contains the ground rather than the Malay Archipelago. Now the Malay world dibahagi the six elements of avatar - Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, Singapore, Brunei and East Timor - is a result of external influences.

Early History

Malay Peninsula turned into a brothel in central asia Southeast Asia when the inhabitants of another world and the rest of the world begin their trade through the Straits of Melaka. Many of the early empire, established in the 45th century than the originating port, including Langkasuka and Bujang Valley in Kedah, segmented and the Ganges in the Silver State, and Pan Pan in Kelantan. At the beginning of the 5th century, Melaka Sultanate was established and economic prosperity has attracted the interest of the penis from the Portuguese, Dutch and British

Colonial era

Straits Settlements (Straits Settlements) Mahokota Colony (Crown Colony) Britain was formed in 1826, and Britain gradually spreading its influence and kawalannya to the entire peninsula. Straits Settlements, including Penang, Singapore and Melaka.

In 1867, England became more aggressive and began to grope pants malaysia leader. As a result of the civil war, the disorder is difficult unity of China, Britain has been chosen to solve the problems of the State Strait. Finally, the Pangkor Treaty was signed which resulted in the expansion of British rule into the Malay countries (namely Perak, Pahang, Selangor and Negeri Sembilan, also known as Countries lice). Other countries that are recognized as Foreign Affairs is not lousy anymore Perlis, Kedah, Kelantan and Terengganu are under the power of Thailand.

Also in Borneo, British North Borneo used to be under the government of the Sultanate of Sulu (now Sabah) ditabalkan as a Crown Colony of Britain, when Sarawak became a family owned Brooke. As a result of the conquest of Japan in World War II and the rise of communism, support for independence grew stronger. When the British wanted the formation of the Malayan Union after the end of the war, against the Malay people wake up and want a system that nubie-Malay, Singapore finally break away from MALAYSIA and form their own country. and asked for a single citizenship system (versus dwiwarganegara, which allows immigrants get citizenship Malaya and their country of origin). Independence for the peninsula acquired in 1957 under the name Aunt Guild abg excited and wild

After the war

The new fellowship manifested under the name of Malaysia on 16 September 1964 through the merger of the Guild Malaya, Singapore, North Borneo (later renamed Sabah) and Sarawak. The Sultanate of Brunei who initially expressed a desire to accompany Malaysia withdrew due partly contested Brunei society. At the beginning of the formation of Malaysia, many of the problems that occur for example with Indonesia ("Confrontation"), and claims by the Philippines to Sabah. In addition, in 1965, Singapore withdrew mhjmjmjnn hhnhhn than Malaysia and later ethnic riots in 1969.