History Tom and Jerry Cartoon

Tom and Jerry Cartoon History of Full-You must have known Tom and Jerry. Tom and Jerry is an animated series produced MGM United States tells the story of a cat (Tom) and a mouse (Jerry) who are always quarreling. This animated series is an Academy Award (Oscar) and form the basis of a successful series studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM). Short stories they are created, written and directed by two animators named William Hanna and Joseph Barbera (they kemudain known as Hanna-Barbera).

Tom and Jerry Cartoon History Complete

Yes, Hanna and Barbera can be called as the mastermind. Here's the story initially. When looking at a cat pouncing on a mouse in his kitchen one day, Hanna suddenly got the idea to make the feud as something funny. Then, they immediately made the script and the cartoon Tom & Jerry in 1932 with Van Beuren Studio. At that time, they still work in the magazine as the creator of a cartoon or a cartoonist.

The story line in each of the short stories are usually centered on Tom's attempts to capture Jerry impossible, accompanied by a variety of physical conflict and material damage. They sometimes appear to live peacefully side by side in several episodes (at least in the first few minutes), so it is sometimes unclear why Tom is so passionate about chasing Jerry. Some of the reasons may be the lasting enmity of cat and mouse, the task given by the homeowner, revenge, and competition against other cats.

Tom catch Jerry rarely successful, mainly due to the skill and agility Jerry and Tom's own stupidity. Tom usually beat Jerry when the mice into the cause of the problem or when Jerry was acting outrageous.

MGM (Metro Goldwyn Meyer) is the first production house to produce this film. Unfortunately, in 1957, MGM closed the division. Inevitably, the fate of Tom & Jerry was abandoned. In fact, so many fans. Not only children but also adults.

Hope arose again when six years later, there was Chuck Jones, a talented animator who is interested in reviving the cat and mouse that's hilarious. So, MGM was making another movie Tom & Jerry. Unfortunately, again, this did not last long.

But then, the lapse of four years, MGM stopped producing cartoons. They did not continue to work with Jones.

Because already in love with the characters Tom & Jerry, 1975, Hanna and Barbera ultimately strive to make their own movie. With difficulty, they eventually make a television series that appears every Saturday morning.

Fellas, great effort Hanna and Barbera to fruition. Yes since 1975, the production evolved. Tom & Jerry films were spread throughout the world. Now, we can watch on TV, pieces of VCD / DVD, also in the form of his game.

MAIN FIGURES

Jerry Mouse

Jerry Mouse Both characters have a tendency to be sadistic; meaning they were both very happy to torture one another. However, in some episodes, when one character is in danger, other characters will be awakened and save character.

Although many supporting characters and minor characters speaking roles, Tom and Jerry rarely speak for themselves. Tom, for instance, noted for his favorite to sing when trying to attract a female cat. He sang the song "Is You Is or Is You Is not My Baby" by Louis Jordan in the episode "Solid Serenade" made in 1946. Directed by William Hanna contributed rat squeaked voice, breath sounds and other voices for the two main characters of this. One of the sound-effect donation Hanna is heartfelt cries Tom cries which are made from the original Hanna where the beginning and end of the tape is removed so that only shouts the loudest cries are presented. The only episode in which Tom talked a little long and did not sing was "Million Dollar Cat", where Tom speaks "Gee.'m Throwing away a MILLION dollars .... BUT I'M HAPPY!" while playing Jerry.

Tom Cat

Tom Cat Tom is a cat house bluish gray (Tom's fur color is very similar to the color of the Russian Blue cat) who live in indulgence, while Jerry is a small brown mouse who always stayed close to where Tom lives. Tom is very quick-tempered and irritable, while Jerry is a character who lives free and very good at taking a chance.

Despite vigorous and determined, intent Tom always lost with brains and cunning Jerry. In each episode, Jerry usually come out as a winner and a loser Tom. However, the opposite can happen. Sometimes, Tom became the winner, of many hundreds of episodes of Tom and Jerry, only thirteen episodes which stated Tom came out as the winner in the end. Sometimes, too (usually something ironic) both lose or both ends to be friends, as in the episode "Blue Cat Blues".

PEOPLE HELPER

Butch

Butch, a tough competitor Tom Cat

In his attempts to catch Jerry, Tom often has to compete with Butch, a black cat who lives in the dark alleys that also want to catch and eat Jerry or get a girlfriend of Tom.

Spike

Spike (sometimes nicknamed "Killer" or "Butch"), a guard bulldog grumpy and bad-tempered, always attacking Tom. He usually-good friends with Jerry, to be the guardian and protector of the rat in several episodes. During the 1950's, Spike seemed to have a boy named Tyke, an extra character that causes softening hardline stance Spike and the emergence of the animated series "Spike and Tyke" short-lived. Tyke sometimes speak, using voice and expression as comedian Jimmy Durante.

Toodles Galore

Toodles Galore, boyfriend Tom. He usually met Tom when Tom saw her and Tom had got it before the preliminaries by Butch.

Mammy Two Shoes

Mammy Two Shoes, a black housekeeper (Lillian Randolph is filling his voice) that his face is rarely seen and usually beat Tom with a broom when the cat behaved inappropriately. Mammy appeared in many episodes until 1952. After that, Tom and Jerry looks to live with a young couple in the 1950s era: a tall skinny man wearing glasses and a dark-haired wife with childishness. Owner Tom next is a thin woman and be firm with properties such as Mammy-Two-Shoes. The difference is, she is not afraid of mice, and was always able to punish Tom for pursuit-chasing Jerry (never fails to catch the cat).

Nibbles

Nibbles, a little mouse is an orphan. He then dubbed Tuffy. In the late 1940's, Jerry adopted a baby rat-gray fur was abandoned. Unlike Jerry, Nibbles able to speak, but usually in a foreign language depending on the theme and background of the episodes are made.

Quacker the Duckling

Quacker the Duckling, a small duck orphan who later adapted the character of Hanna-Barbera other Yakky Doodle.

Lightning

Lightning, a golden orange cat. Formerly called meathead. Lightning seen with a black nose on several episodes of Tom and Jerry, and later seen with a red nose in Tom and Jerry: A Nutcracker Tale.

Topsy, a friend of Butch, a brown young cat, who lived in a dark alley with Butch and Lightning. He became friends with Jerry majority than Tom when he shows up as a cat house in Professor Tom.

History of Lion Dance

Hello my friend all set history, this time connecting from my previous post on the History of Chinese New Year celebrations, where the celebration of Chinese New Year is synonymous with the existence of a typical dance called the Lion Dance. What is Lion Dance? Why lion called? What about history? Well, for that on this occasion will discuss thoroughly the set of History of Art History Barongsai this.

Lion Dance Art History

Arts Lion Dance is a dance performance typical of China and Chinese communities were already legendary. Ahead of Chinese New Year, Lion Dance performances we can find in many places. Dozens, even scores of people that make up the lion or dragon snaking follow typical wasp music, spawned its own appeal.

People's China is known to have a high cultural roots. Likewise, the Lion Dance which has been known for thousands of years. Wikipedia notes the first dance of the Lion Dance dance can be traced to Chin Dynasty, around the third century BC.

Arts Lion Dance became popular in the South-North dynasty (Nan Bei) years 420-589 AD. At that time the army of the king of Song Wen Di overwhelmed troops attack the elephant king of country Fan Yang Lin Yi. A warlord named Zhong Que create artificial dolls lion king fan to dissipate force it. Apparently the effort was successful until legendary lion dance.

The dance consists of two main types namely the Northern Lions have curly mane and four legs. North Lions look more natural, like a lion. While the song is kind of a southern lion with scales and a number of legs varies between two and four. Lions Head South also features Tandi so sometimes like animals called Kilin.

Movement two is also different types of lions. South Lions further highlight the movement of his head hard and bobbing to follow the beat of gongs and drums. While North Lions tend agile and full of dynamics because it has four legs.

The main movement of the lion dance Lion Dance is a movement taking envelopes containing money called Lay See. At the top of the envelope usually plastered vegetable watercress lion symbolizes reward. See Lay The process takes approximately half of all lion dance.

Lion dance in Indonesia is estimated to the 17th century when there was a mass migration from South China. Lion dance in Indonesia is rampant when there are gatherings Tion Hoa Hwe Koan. At that time every gathering in different areas certainly have a bevy of lion.

But in the year 1965 after the eruption of G30SPKI art is stopped because of the political situation. Changes in the political situation in Indonesia in 1998 to revive the art of Chinese lion dance and other cultures.

History of Mathematics Lessons in the World

Mathematics is an abstract field of knowledge that is built with the help of logical reasoning on concepts such as numbers, figures, structures and transformations. According to Berggren, JL, 2004, the discovery of mathematics at the time of Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt, based on the many extant originals written by the scribe. Although the documents in the form of artifacts is not too much, but they are considered to be able to express mathematics in these times. Mathematical artifacts found indicates that the Mesopotamia has had many exceptional mathematical knowledge, even though they are still primitive mathematical and not deductively structured as it is now. Mathematics in Ancient Egypt can be learned from the artifacts found are then referred to as the Rhind Papyrus (edited the first time in 1877), has given an idea of ​​how mathematics in ancient Egypt has been growing rapidly. Artifacts were found associated with mathematics-related areas such as the royal kingdom 3000 BC Sumerian, Akkadian and Babylonian regime (2000 BC), and the kingdom of Assyria (1000 BC), Persian (6-4 century BC), and Greece (century to 3-1 BC).

Math Lesson

In ancient Greece the least important mathematician noted that Thales and Pythagoras. Thales and Pythagoras pioneered thinking in the field of geometry, but Pythagoras who start doing or making mathematical proofs. Until the reign of Alexander the Great of Greece and thereafter, has recorded monumental work of Euclid's work in the form of a book entitled Elements (elements) which is the first geometry book compiled by deduction. Important treatise of the early period of Islamic mathematics much missing, so there are still unanswered questions about the relationship between the many early Islamic mathematics and mathematics from Greece and India. In addition, the number of relatively small number of documents that causes us difficulty to trace the extent of the role of Islamic mathematicians in the development of mathematics in Europe next. But clearly, Islamic mathematicians sizable donation in conjunction with the rise of modern thought emerged himpunanelah dark ages until around the 15th century BC himpunanelah.

The invention of the printing press printing in the modern era, which is about the 16th century, mathematicians have allowed each other to communicate more intensively, so as to publish works great. Up comes the Hilbert era who sought to create a system of mathematics as a single, complete and consistent. But the effort Hilbert then be broken or found mistakes by his own student named Godel stating that it was probably invented mathematics single, complete and consistent. Geometry and Algebra Problems ancient, can be found in the documents stored in Berlin. One of the problems is for example estimated length of the diagonal of a rectangle. They menggunakanhubungan between the long sides of the rectangle and then they find the shape of a right triangle. The relationship between the sides of a right-angled This became known as the Pythagorean Theorem. The Pythagorean theorem is actually been used for more than 1000 years before being discovered by Pythagoras.

The Babylonians had discovered sexagesimal number system which is then useful to perform calculations related to the sciences of astrology. Astronomers at the time of Babylon have been trying to predict an event by associating with astronomical phenomena such as lunar eclipses and planetary tipping point in the cycle (conjunction, opposition, stationary point, and the visibility of the first and last). They found the technique to calculate the position (expressed in degrees of latitude and longitude, measured relative to the track the apparent motion of the Sun yearly) with successively adding the appropriate terms in arithmetic progression. Mathematics in Ancient Egypt as well as due to the influence of Masopotamia and Babylon, but also influenced by the context of Egypt which has a wide stream and long live the Egyptian civilization. Problems arise because the public relations activities of the Egyptians face survive in natural conditions that can lead to conflict between them, such as how to define the boundary edge of paddy fields or himpunanelah Nile flood occurred that resulted in their land silted up to a few meters. From one of these cases later appeared notion or idea of ​​the area, boundaries and forms. So in the days of Ancient Egypt, Geometry has grown rapidly as a branch of mathematics.

In a relatively short time (maybe only a century or less), a method developed by the Babylonians and Ancient Masir have come into the hands of the Greeks. For example, Hipparchus (second century BC) preferred approach to geometric Greek predecessors, but then he uses the method of Mesopotamia and adopted the style sexagesimal. Through the Greeks were forwarded to Arab scientists in the Middle Ages and from there to Europe, where it remained prominent in mathematical astronomy during the Renaissance and early modern period. To this day remain in use minutes and seconds to measure time and angles. Aspects of Babylonian mathematics that has come to Greece has increased the quality of the mathematical work with not only believe denganbentuk-physical form only, melainan gained confidence through mathematical proofs. The principles of the Pythagorean theorem sudal known since the days of Babylon which is about a thousand years before the Greek era, began to be proven mathematically by Pythagoras in Ancient Greece.

In Ancient Greece, during the period from about 600 BC to 300 BC, known as the classical period of mathematics, mathematics changed from practical functions into a coherent structure of deductive knowledge. Change the focus of practical problem solving to the knowledge of the truth and the development of a general mathematical objects mathematical theories transform into a discipline. The Greeks showed concern for the logical structure of mathematics. The followers of Pythagoras were trying to find the exact

The length of the hypotenuse of a right triangle. But they can not find a certain number of the same scale that applies to all the sides of the triangle. It is then known as Incommensurability issue, namely the scale is not the same in order to obtain a certain number for the hypotenuse. If forced to use the same scale (or commensurabel) then in the end they found that the length of the hypotenuse is not an integer but irrational numbers.

Achievements of the Ancient Greeks is a monumental work of Euclid on geometry axiomatic. The main source for reconstructing pre-Euclidean named Euclid's book Elements (elements), where most of the content is still relevant and used until the present. Element consists of 13 volumes. Book I deals with congruence of triangles, properties of parallel lines, and relationship area of ​​triangles and parallelograms; Book II sets kehimpunanaraan associated with boxes, rectangles, and triangles; Book III contains properties Circles, and Book IV contains polygon in a circle. Most of the contents of Book I-III are the works of Hippocrates, and the content of Book IV can be attributed to Pythagoras, so it can be understood that the book element has its history to centuries before. Book V outlines a general theory of proportion, which is a theory that does not require restrictions on the amount of worth. This general theory derived from Eudoxus.

In theory, Book VI describes the rectilinear nature and generalization of the theory of congruence in Book I. Book VII-IX contains what the Greeks called "arithmetic," the theory of integers. This includes the properties of numerical proportion, the greatest divisor, common multiples, and primes (Book VII); propositions in numerical progression and square (Book VIII), and the specific outcomes, such as unique factorization into primes in the existence of an infinite number of primes, and the formation of a "perfect" numbers, ie numbers equal to the number of divisors (Book IX). In some form, originating from Theaetetus Book VII and Book VIII of Archytas. X book presents the theory of irrational lines and comes from the work of Theaetetus and Eudoxus. Xiberisi book about waking up the space; Book XII prove theorems on the ratio of a circle, the ratio of the ball, and the volume of pyramids and cones. Heritage of Greek mathematics, especially in geometry, is huge. From the early period of Greek people set goals in terms of mathematics is not practical procedures but as a theoretical discipline is committed to developing a general proposition, and a formal demonstration. The range and diversity of their findings, especially those of the SM-3 centuries, geometry has become the subject matter for ages himpunanelah, although the tradition is transmitted to the Middle Ages and the Renaissance is incomplete and flawed.

The rapid rise of mathematics in the 17th century was based in part on the renewal of the ancient mathematics and mathematics in Greek era. Mechanics from Galileo and calculations made Kepler and Cavalieri, a direct inspiration for the Archimedes. The study of geometry by Apollonius and Pappus stimulated by new approaches in geometry-for example, by Descartes developed analytic and projective theory of Girard Desargues.

Resurrection of mathematics in the 17th century along with the rise of the thinking of the philosopher as an anti-thesis of a dark age where truth is dominated by the Church. Then Copernicus is a groundbreaking figure who challenged the view of the Church that the earth as the center of the universe, and in return he expressed the idea that the Earth but not the sun that is the center of the solar system, while the surrounding earth. This revival era became known as the Modern Age, which is characterized by the emergence of figures as well as mathematicians philosophical thinkers like Immanuel Kant, Rene Descartes, David Hume, Galileo, Kepler, Cavalieri

History of Atomic Theory

John Dalton is the originator of the atomic theory. He is famous for his theory that revived the term "atom". In the essay book entitled New System of Chemical Philosophy he managed to formulate terms of atoms around the year 1803. John Dalton lived during 1766-1844. He states that matter is composed of atoms that can not be subdivided. Each element consists of atomatom with identical properties and mass, and compounds are formed when atoms of different elements joined in a fixed composition.

John Dalton was the British scientist who at the beginning of the 19th century to the atomic hypothesis put forward in the arena of science. With this act, he presents the key ideas that enable major advances in chemistry since then.

Although the terminology is a bit different from what we use now, Dalton clearly put forward the concept of atoms, molecules, elements and chemical compounds. He was clear that although the total number of atoms in the world so much, but the number of different types of different kind of small. (The book originally recorded 20 elements or groups of atoms; currently a little over 100 elements are known).

Although different types of atoms of different weight, Dalton remains found by two atoms of the same group is the same in all qualities, including "mass" (the quantity of material in an object measured by resistance to change in motion). Dalton include in his list that records the relative weight of the various types of atoms are different, the first ever prepared a list of people and is the key to any quantitative theory of the atom.

Dalton also explained clearly that each of the two molecules of the same chemical combination consists of a combination of similar atoms. (For example, each molecule "nitrous oxide" (N2O) consists of two nitrogen atoms and one oxygen atom). From this particular chemical combination to form something no matter how prepared or where acquired always consists of the same elements in the same proportion that fully weight. This is the "law of definite proportions," which has been found experimentally by Joseph Louis Proust first few years.

Once convinced how Dalton presents the theory, so that within twenty years he has been accepted by the majority of scientists. Furthermore, chemical experts who follow the program proposed by the textbook 4: determine exactly the relative atomic weight; combined chemical analysis of weight; determine the right combination of atoms that make up each group of molecules that have characteristics in common. The success of this program, of course, incredible.

Results reflection refine Dalton's atomic theory of Democritus. Shadow Dalton and Democritus was that the object was shaped solid. In hindsight Dalton argued postulatnya about atoms.

a) Each element consists of particles with atoms ketch called

b) Atoms of the same element) Atoms of different elements have different properties

c) Atoms of an element can not be converted into atoms of another element with the chemical reaction, atoms can not be destroyed and atokan

d) Atoms can combine to form atoms called molecules combined

e) In the compound, the ratio of the mass of each element is fixed.

Dalton's atomic theory began to arouse interest in the study of atomic models. However, Dalton's atomic theory has shortcomings, which can not explain a solution to conduct electrical current. How could the ball solid dapatmenghantarkan electricity when electricity is electrons moving. Meaning there are other particles that can conduct electric current.

History Of Malin Kundang

The History of the prodigal son Malin Kundang - Before the set of History The story tells how the prodigal son Malin Kundang be it would be nice to know of the nature of Malin Kundang. Malin including a smart kid but a little naughty. He often chasing chickens and hit him with a broom.

A long time ago, there lived a small family on the coast of Sumatra. Families that have a child named Malin Kundang. Due to family circumstances at the time they are very short, the father malin decided to go overseas.

The prodigal son Malin Kundang

Malin great expectations and his mother, both of whom thought that someday his father would come home with a lot of money that will be sufficient for buying and daily necessities. After months and months malin father had not come, and finally pupuslah hope Malin Kundang and mother. Really sorry for the fate of Malin and her mother.

After Malin Kundang adulthood, he thought to make a living in the country side in the hope that when he returned to his hometown, he had become a wealthy man. And finally the Malin Kundang sailed with a merchant ship captain in his hometown that has been successful.

During his time on the ship, Malin Kundang lot to learn about seamanship on the crew that already have a lot of experience. Malin studied hard and diligent about shipping her friends who are more experienced, and she was very good in the shipbuilding and shipping.

There have been many islands he visited, until one day on the way, suddenly climbed Malin Kundang ship was attacked by pirates who are very cruel. All merchandise traders who were on the ship seized by pirates. Even most of the crew and the people on the ship were killed by the pirates. Malin Kundang very lucky he was not killed by the pirates, because when it happened, Malin immediately hid in a small room covered with wood.

Finally Malin Kundang living in limbo amid sea, until finally the host ship stranded on a beach. With the rest of the energy is still there, Malin Kundang walked to the nearest village from the beach. Arriving in the village, Malin Kundang helped by people in the village after previously telling what happened to him. Malin village where villagers stranded is very fertile. Malin started a new life in the village. With tenacity and perseverance in work, Malin gradually managed to become a very wealthy. He has a lot of merchant ships with men of more than 100 people. After becoming rich, Malin Kundang marry a girl to be his wife.

After some time after marriage, Malin and his wife set sail with a large and beautiful ship with the crew and bodyguards are many. Mrs. Malin Kundang every day waiting on her, looking very beautiful boat, went to the harbor. He saw that there were two handsome and beautiful people were standing on the deck of the ship. He believes that it was his son standing long wait that he and his wife Malin Kundang.

Malin Kundang were off the ship. He was greeted by his mother. Once close enough to the handsome rang her mother to see twelve injured dilengan right person, the more convinced his mother that he was approached Malin Kundang. "Malin Kundang, my son, why did you go so long without sending you doing?", The mother said, hugging Malin Kundang. But the Kundang immediately release his mother's arms and pushed it fell. "She did not know herself, as she carelessly claimed," says Malin Kundang on his mother proud. Malin Kundang pretended not to recognize her, shame her mother is old and wearing ragged clothes. "She's your mother?", The wife asked Malin Kundang. "No, he was just a beggar who pretended to be admitted as a mother in order to get my treasure," Malin said to his wife. Hearing the statement is very painful and treated arbitrarily by her son, Malin Kundang mother very angry. He did not suspect a child who is very dear to the prodigal son. Because of mounting anger, Malin's mother lifted her hand and said "Oh God, if he my son, I sumpahi he became a rock". Not long after strong winds and storms rumbled come to destroy the ship Malin Kundang. After that Malin Kundang body slowly becomes rigid and eventually finally shaped into a rock.

History of the band Blink 182

Blink-182 is a pop punk band from Poway, California. Blink 182 was formed in 1992 in Poway, California. At that time, Mark Hoppus just got a new bass from his father to help paint the house. Then the intermediary brother Mark met Tom DeLonge. With a desire to impress Why Tom, Mark behind Stand jump from the roof of the house until he broke his leg.

They then started making songs, but they realized that needed a drummer. So join Scott Raynor, and called the name of BLINK. At that time, Tom was 16 years old, Mark 19 and Scott 17. Their first recording, flyswatter, the quality is destroyed completely, as recorded in Tom's room just the make tape-recorder. This album contains four songs and there are only about 50 copies are then given to friends, boyfriends, acquaintances,

Thanks to the prayers of parents struggle and finally they became famous and their songs began to glance underground labels. At first, wear the name of their band Blink. Since there is also a techno band from Ireland who was also the make name Blink, so they add the numbers 182 behind, BLINK 182. Why 182? Why ...? because 182 is 182 times spoken umpetan F *** Tony Montana in Scarface, but Mark says 182 free random number that sounds cool.

In 1993 they released the Record Filter demo titled BUDDHA many as 1000 copies. In early 1994, Blink 182 signed with Cargo Records. They recorded their debut full album, CHESHIRE CAT in three days. Some of the content of the album is a new version of the song Strings and Carousel are included in the demo album Buddha.

In 1996, Blink 182 signed with MCA which later became Geffen Records. After moving to Encinitas, California, DUDE RANCH they recorded the album in 1996 produced by Mark Trombino, who was released a year later. This album was a success because it sold over 4 million copies worldwide. Dammit their single debuted on the U.S. modern rock charts.

Their first official tour decorated with unpleasant events. Scott Raynor dikeluarin band because of drugs and alcohol habit his already severe. When he started frantically looking for a replacement Scoot, coincidentally at that Blink 182 tour with opening band The Aquabats name. Then the drummer of The Aquabats offered him to join the band Blink 182. Drummer Travis Barker is.

Success BLINK 182

In 1999, in the making of the album Enema of the State, Blink 182 hired Jerry Finn as producer. Blink 182 album brings to the world of the mainstream with hit singles Whats My Age Again, All The Small Things and Adams Song most played on radio and aired on MTV. Sales reached 10 million copies worldwide and became the best selling album of 2000 when itu.Di Blink 182 released a live album titled THE MARK, TOM AND TRAVIS SHOW: THE Enema Strikes Back with the content of the previous albums and three additional studio tracks Man Overboard . Blink 182 went on its success with the release of the album TAKE OFF YOUR PANTS AND JACKET in 2001.

Having spent time in 2002, recording for the next album began on November 18, 2003 and produced the hit singles Feeling This, I Miss You, Down and Im Lost Without You. Barker says Blink 182 album without a title deliberately allowed (unlike self-titled) to represent the new Blink 182.

The dissolution of Blink 182

In mid-February 2005, Blink 182 cancel performnya in Music For reliefs Concert For South Asia, which later on February 22, 2005 is due to be announced bahwap embatalan Blink 182 will vacuum for a while. Geffen Records released GREATEST HITS on 1 November 2005 in the U.S., it includes unreleased tracks Another Girl Another Planet (a cover song from The Only Ones) and a bonus track Not Now. Many say that the song Not Now it's a new blink song. But it's Bulls ** t! Originally tau alone, the song was already recorded Not Now Blink 182 album specifically for areas UK!

Reportedly dated February 22, 2005, Blink 182 officially disbanded. But Who Know?? The trigger old problems between Tom with Mark about Box Car Racer, and a desire to focus more on Tom with his family. Dated May 23, 2006, Tom announced his new band Angels and Airwaves are then released the album WE DONT NEED TO WHISPER. Then, Mark and Travis also made a +44 band then released the album WHEN Your Heart Stops Beating on November 14, 2006.

Blink 182 Back Again

Exactly today Tuesday, September 27, 2011 Blink 182's latest album, "Neighborhoods" was officially released. Not just a proof of a reunion, the personnel Blink 182 make this album as the point where the power of the three of them have returned. This time it is not no more songs like All the Small Things and The Rock Show. But on this album they present a musical maturation from Blink 182 that gives the listener an experience different from all three of them.

Of all they have been through before. As Tom DeLonge busy with the clothing line and Angels & Airwaves, Mark Hoppus who became a producer and Travis Barker was busy with many musical side projects, they realize that Blink 182 is their primary vehicle.

"When we came back to make a song together, I and other personnel feel if Blink 182 is the most fun of all. Took us all to penetrate the deadline to remind us that growing up, "he said in an interview with PB Pulse.

"After the split, each one of us to build a sense of respect between each other and eventually we were reunited. This is what makes me happy and makes Blink 182 and now better organized. This is the form of the return of the three of us and the power of Blink 182 have actually been returned, "he added.

History of the Statue of Liberty in America

Statue of Liberty is the pride and symbol of the City of New York and the fact that the statue of liberty is not made ​​in New York. The statue, which was designed by French sculptor Frederic-Auguste Bartholdi was first built and developed in France in 1874. Statue of Goddess of Independence was presented by the French people to the American people, as a birthday gift to American independence-100.

after been made in France, the statue was disassembled and packed in 200 large cargo to be shipped to America. Statue of Liberty next reassembled at Bedloe's Island at the mouth of the harbor of New York. Packing process is so long, to the Statue of Liberty can only be inaugurated on October 28, 1886, ten years after the anniversary of American independence 100th. Dengantinggi 46 meters and weighing 204 tons, the Statue of Liberty stands as high as 46 meters above the ground. The inside is filled by a steel frame, while the exterior is made of copper plate. Steel frame Statue of Liberty, created and designed by Gustave Eiffel, who also designed and built the Tower Eiffel.

History of the Band Saosin

Who does not know with Saosin, Saosin is a rock band from the stream of Newport Beach, California, formed in 2003. The band consists of Cove Reber (vocalist), Beau Burchell and Justin Shekoski (guitarist), Chris Sorenson (bass) and Alex Rodriguez (drums). The band is known for its blend elements of Heavy Metal, Alternative Rock and Post-Hardcore.

Beginning Band Name Saosin

Anthony Green, former vocalist was they who initially suggested the name "Saosin". Saosin means "small heart" or "careful" in Chinese (xiao xin). The word comes from the XV century proverb about fathers telling their sons who got a mate for her to not get emotionally involving money their wives, (anyone can die at any time.) Green Explaining the meaning behind the name as a reference to the fact that nothing is eternal, and it is a mistake to be associated with each person, because sooner or later it will all end. Green interpretation of the word "xiao xin" is obscure, "xiao xin" is commonly used in Chinese as meaning to express concern. Green had previously used "Saosin" as the name of his high school band "I Remember When This All Meant Something".

Album-Album Band Saosin

Released: September 26, 2006

Recorded: 2003-2006

Genre: Post-hardcore

Alternative rock

1. "It's Far Better to Learn" 3:54

2. "Sleepers" 2:51

3. "It's So Simple" 2:48

4. "Voices" 3:37

5. "Finding Home" 3:09

6. "Follow and Feel" 3:19

7. "Come Close" 3:15

8. "I Never Wanted To" 3:29

9. "Collapse" 3:15

10. "You're Not Alone" 3:58

11. "Bury Your Head" 3:34

12. "Some Sense of Security" 4:00

13. "Let Go Control" 2:58

In Search of Solid Ground (2009)

Released: September 8, 2009

Recorded: 2008-2009

Genre: Post-hardcore

Alternative rock

1. "I Keep My Secrets Safe" 3:54

2. "Deep Down" 3:25

3. "Why Can not You See?" 2:39

4. "Changing" 3:47

5. "On My Own" 5:18

6. "The Alarming Sound of a Still Small Voice" 4:42

7. "Say Goodbye" 5:04

8. "The Worst of Me" 3:35

9. "It's All Over Now" 3:47

10. "What Were We Made For?" 3:33

11. "Is This Real?" 3:58

12. "Nothing Is What It Seems (Without You)" 4:25

13. "Fireflies (Light Messengers)" 8:30

14. "Changing" (Acoustic) 3:50

15. "Bury Me" (Pre-Order Only) 4:25

16. "You Never Noticed Me" 3:41

History and Inventors Tool Fighting Chance

Benjamin Franklin was a man of many types of work and expertise. He was a journalist, publisher, author, philanthropist, abolitionist, public servant (official), scientist, diplomat, and inventor as well! Franklin also was one of the leaders of the American Revolution, and one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. His words are well-known and much quoted. For example, "time is money" is likely to come from him. Because he was also a publisher and owner of printing, many words can still be read people until now because he was also a lot and writing. He is also famous for its percobaanya on electricity (lightning rods). He was the first Postmaster in the United States, making "public library" first, and the first to organize the ranks of the city fire department.

Benjamin Franklin was born in Boston, Massachusetts, the 15th child of 17 brothers. His father worked as a soap and candle maker. He learned to read in a very young age and attended regular school for a year and studied under the guidance of a private teacher for a year. Franklin only attended for two years. At the age of 12 years, Franklin worked in the printing brother. When Ben (Benjamin nickname) was 15 years old, Ben scored the newspaper "New England Courant", the first newspaper that is independent from British colonization.

At the age of 17, Franklin went to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to find a new experience in a new city. At that time he worked in a shop that sells printing machines. After several months, the governor of Pennsylvania recommends Benjamin to open a printing business newspapers in Pennsylvania and promised to help businesses Benjamin printing. Governor recommends Benjamin to go to London and buy printing supplies are required. But after Benjamin arrived in London, Benjamin realized that the governor promises to help only a dead letter, a letter of introduction from the governor was never sent to London. In London, Franklin quickly able to find a job. In 1726 Franklin was tired of staying in London, and by accident as it was a grain merchant offered him a job in Philadelphia with big commissions. For that Ben decided to return to America.

Benjamin Franklin and the kite-layangPada in 1740, electricity was a novelty. Benjamin Franklin and his friends began to investigate the phenomenon of electricity. In 1750, Benjamin was first who discovered the principles of electricity and also give positive and negative electricity. He then published his experiments to prove that lightning is actually electricity by flying a kite in a storm. In his writings, Benjamin Franklin wrote that he was aware of the dangers that can result from the experiments and offer an alternative that proves that lightning is electricity, which is then in the show by using the concept of electrical ground. Not as pictured person that Benjamin experiment done by flying a kite and wait until the kite was struck by lightning. Benjamin uses his kite just to collect electricity from storm clouds.

Experiments to electricity by Benjamin, directing him to the invention, the lightning rod. He wrote that the conductor (electric) with a sharp edge has the ability to draw an electrical charge and has a range of further withdrawals than conductors with a blunt tip. He concluded that this knowledge can be used to protect the house from lightning danger, by putting an iron bar seruncing pointy needles and anti-rust coating, which is directed to the sky, and the legs of iron, attached with wires leading to the ground. This will attract the lightning rod at electric charge cloud to the ground so that the charge is on the cloud is not enough to cause thunder and lightning.

Benjamin discoveries such as lightning rods, sunglasses, and others never patented it. In his biography, Benjamin writes: ".. the same as when we are enjoying the advantages of the invention of others, we should be happy to have the opportunity to provide service to others with our findings: for this, we must give freely and wholeheartedly. '

To commemorate Benjamin Franklin in the field of electricity, immortalized as physics unit franklin (Fr) or statcoulomb (statC) or electrostatic unit of charge (ESU). Fr is a unit of electrical charge in the centimeter-gram-second (cgs). SI system as we use, wear Coulomb force.

History Detik.com

Server seconds .. com is already ready to be accessed on May 30, 1998, but started online with a complete presentation on July 9, 1998. July 9th was finally set as the day of birth Detikcom established Budiono Darsono (former journalist DeTik), Yayan Sopyan (former journalist DeTik), Abdul Rahman (former Tempo journalist), and Didi Nugrahadi. Initially, the main headline coverage focused on politics, economics, and information technology. It was only after the political situation had eased and the economy starts to improve, AFP decided to also attach entertainment news, and sports.

From there then sparked a desire to form AFP that his update is no longer using print media characteristics of daily, weekly, monthly. Its sale is a breaking news headline. By relying on this kind of vivid description AFP shot as digital information site the most popular among internet users.

The number of visitors

In July 1998 AFP website receives 30,000 hits per day (a measure of the number of visitors to a site) with about 2,500 users (customers Internet). Nine months later, in March 1999, hits per day, up seven times, to be exact average of 214,000 hits per day or 6.42 million hits per month to 32,000 users. In June 1999, the figure rose again to 536 000 hits per day with 40,000 users. Lastly, hits AFP 2.5 million more per day.

In addition to calculating hits, AFP still has other gauges so far agreed as a measure of how close the potential of a site. Size is page view (the number of pages accessed). The view I'm reading now reached 3 million per day. now sec .. com occupies the fourth position of the notch another alexa.com for all content in Indonesia.

The story of the beginning of this Sec media the Internet as a base coverage, which begins with the story of the bitter experiences. When the New Order era, the media appeared in the weekly magazine format that explores politics as subject matter. However, the power of the New Order was closely watched news media, forcing the magazine to finish their work published in a magazine format.

This is because Seconds considered too hard in preaching is considered attacking the ruler at that time. Thus, the decision of the Minister of Information at the time, along Seconds magazine Tempo and Forum letter should be revoked business license issuance that is the mass media business license.

History of The Flying Dutchman

Many versions of this story. According to some, this story came from the Netherlands, while the other was to claim that it came from England play The Flying Dutchman (1826) by Edward Fitzball and the novel "The Phantom Ship" (1837) by Frederick Marryat, later adapted into a story Netherlands' Het Vliegend SCHIP "(The Flying Ship) by the Dutch priest AHC Römer. Other versions include the opera by Richard Wagner (1841) and "The Flying Dutchman on Tappan Sea" by Washington Irving (1855).

According to several sources, the Dutch captain Bernard Fokke the 17th century is an example of the ghost ship's captain. Fokke gain notoriety on the journey from Holland to Java with incredible speed and are suspected of having ties to the devil to increase speed. According to several sources, the captain is called Falkenburg in the Dutch version of the story. He was called the "Van der Decken" (meaning off the deck | Above Deck) in Marryat's version and "Ramhout van Dam" in Irving's version. Sources do not agree that the "Flying Dutchman" is the name of the ship or the nickname for the captain.

According to many versions, the captain promised that he will not back down in a storm, but will continue its efforts to find the Cape of Good Hope though until doomsday. According to some versions, a terrible crime has occurred, or the crew has been infected by the plague and not allowed to dock across the harbor. Since then, the ship and its crew doomed to always sail, never kedarat. According to some versions, this happened in 1641, the others guess in 1680 or 1729.

Many note the similarities of the Flying Dutchman with the Christian story of The Wandering Jew.

Terneuzen (Netherlands) referred to as the home of the legendary Flying Dutchman, Van der Decken, a captain who cursed God and was condemned to sail the seas forever, has been told in a novel by Frederick Marryat - The Phantom Ship and the Richard Wagner opera.

Some witness sightings of The Flying Dutchman:

1823 Captain of the ship HMS Leven Oweb; twice saw an empty vessel that floated down in the middle of the ocean, one of which may be the Flying Dutchman.

1835 A British ship The Flying Dutchman saw a speeding toward him but after close just disappear.

1879 Some of the crew of the SS Petrogia saw the ghost ship.

1881 three crew members of HMS Baccante which houses King George V saw. The next day saw the crew seornag tiba2 died suddenly.

Seen in Mulkenzenberg 1939, making orang2 see tiba2 just confused because the old boat just disappeared.

1941 There are reports from Glenclaim beach about an old ship that hit a reef. After the investigation is not an iota of wrecks in the vicinity.

1942 Seen by MHS Jubille ship near Cape Town, South Africa.

According to the fairy tale, The Flying Dutchman is a ghost ship that can never be anchored, but had to wade through the "seven seas" forever. Flying Dutchman is always visible from afar, sometimes illuminated with ghostly light.

History of Footwear in the World

Shoes may not be foreign goods to us. Each went to school / office we definitely wear shoes. In addition to protecting feet, shoes also made an appearance we become more rapi.Namun shoe store was also long and interesting history.

Historians estimate boots were first made in the ice age or five million years ago and were made from animal skin. Shoes primitive ever found in large numbers in rural Missouri, United States and is estimated to come from 8000 BCE (BCE).

Shoes have also been found in the mountains of France and comes from 3300 BC. Apart from animal skin there are shoes made of grass or shrubs to protect your feet from the hot sun or cold temperatures. In addition to the Missouri USA, was also found footwear that comes from ancient Egypt, Viking, and ancient China.

Never found a footwear that comes from Ancient Egypt and has a very beautiful image. Footwear is owned by the King of Egypt. Footwear when it is also used to indicate social status.

Ancient Greek society also has a very supportive footwear which their activity. His shoes have a lot of rope tied around the calf. Ancient Roman army also has a very distinctive shoes and called caligae. When the Roman soldiers returning from war and win, caligae will be given the spikes that come from bronze, silver and even gold.

A Brief History of The Origin of Shoes

In the Year 1800

The first rubber soled shoes created and named "Plimsolls."

1892

Goodyear rubber shoe company and division of the U.S. Rubber Company, began producing rubber boots and canvas in different names and finally decided that Keds is the best name.

1908

Marquis M. Converse founded the Converse shoe company, which revolutionized the game of basketball more than a century and became an American icon.

1917

Keds was the first athletic shoes are mass produced. Then the shoe will be called sneakers by Henry Nelson McKinney, an advertising agent for NW Ayer & Son, because the soles are quiet and no noise on certain conditions.

1917

Converse basketball shoe first issued, the Converse All Star.

1920

Adi Dassler, founder of Adidas, begins producing handmade training shoes in his mother's washroom without the aid of power tools.

1923

The All Star give to the Chuck Taylor All Star, to make branded shoes Chucks, Cons, Connies. These shoes are sold more than 744 million in 144 countries.

1924

Adi and Rudolph Dassler, with the help of 50 family members, register their business as Gebr der Dassler Schuhfabrik in Herzogenaurach, Germany. This became the beginning of the Adidas as they are now.

1931

Adidas produces its first tennis shoe.

1935

Converse releases the Jack Purcell with the logo of "Smile" on the front. The shoes became very famous in Hollywood and among juvenile delinquents, but in 1930, when the badminton and tennis to prominence, Jack Purcell only history.

1948

Schuhfabrik Puma Rudolf Dassler founded and the world was introduced to the PUMA Atom, PUMA's first football shoe used by the West German football team.

1950's

• Sneakers be a shoe option everywhere and became a symbol of rebellion. Cheap and easily available to all young people around the world. In the U.S., cheerleaders wear sweaters, short skirts and short socks with shoes and canvas top (or Keds). The fashion was officially introduced as James Dean photographed wearing jeans and white sneakers.

• high heeled shoes, aka "stiletto" a trend in the early 1950s.

1962

Phil Knight and Bill Bowerman launches high-tech athletic shoes (in the year) as Blue Ribbon Sports (BRS) and in 1968 along with design and new technology, changing their name to Nike.

1970

• Platform shoes with 2-5 inch heels to target men and women.

• Age 70 is also an initial model for the shoes clogs became popular.

1972

Adidas logo change by using the concept of "Trefoil Logo" the visual three-leaf logo kerangkai.

1979

Nike created the first series of Nike Air. Then in 1982 released Air Force One, and launched the legendary Nike Air Jordan (1985)-which is an achievement for the rookie of the Chicago Bulls' Michael Jordan to Nike Air Max 1987.

reebok-classic-nylon.jpg

1990

Earlier this era enlivened with the kind of flat-soled shoes, colored and square. However, again returned victorious platform shoes.

1995

Bata Shoe Museum in Toronto, Canada officially opened in May.

1996

Adidas to modernize the concept of "We knew then-we know now" that illustrates the success of the past and present glory.

1998-2001

Boots became one of the most popular symbol of the militaristic New Order.

2006-2008

Model wedges shoes (heeled grain) that is compatible with many types of outfit, warp and strappy shoes being sought after women.

History Of Bermuda Triangle

Bermuda Triangle (English: Bermuda Triangle), sometimes also called Satan's Triangle is an area of ​​ocean in the Atlantic area of ​​1.5 million or 4 million km2 mil2 that form a line between the Bermuda triangle, the territory of the United Kingdom as a point on the north , Puerto Rico, the territory of the United States as a point on the south and Miami, the state of Florida, the United States as a point on the west.

Very mysterious Bermuda Triangle. Often there is the issue of the paranormal in the area stating the reason for the loss of ships passing events. There are also saying that it is a natural phenomenon that should not be crossing the region. Some are even saying that it was all at the hands of extraterrestrials

At the time of Christopher Columbus' voyage, when it crossed the Bermuda triangle area, one of the crew reported seeing "strange lights glossy on the horizon". Some people say they have observed something like a meteor. In a note he wrote that the navigation equipment was not functioning properly while in the area.

Various events in the area of ​​loss was first documented in 1951 by EVW Jones of magazines Associated Press. Jones wrote an article about the events that befall the mysterious loss of airplanes and the sea in the area and called it "Satan's Triangle '. It is to be raised again in the next year by Fate Magazine with articles that made George X. In 1964, Vincent Geddis calling area as 'deadly Bermuda Triangle', after the term 'Bermuda Triangle' is a term commonly called. Bermuda Triangle is a place where the seabed is there is a huge pyramid may be larger than the existing pyramids in Cairo, Egypt. Pyramid has a distance between the tip of the pyramid and the sea level was about 500 m, at the end of the pyramid, there are two more large holes cavities.

History Formation BPUPKI

Entering the beginning of 1944, the position of Japan in the Pacific war increasingly desperate. U.S. Navy Adm. Nimitz led successfully occupy important positions such as Saipan Mariana Islands, and Guan Tidian providing opportunities for Allied direct attacks to the islands of Japan. Meanwhile, the U.S. Army, led by General Douglas Mac Arthur frog managed to jump through the stratagem Guinea coast and build a headquarters in Hollandia (Jayapura). From Mac Arthur Holland is going to attack the Philippines to fulfill his promise. On the other side of the Allied naval forces based in Biak and Morotai successfully rained bombs on the center of Japan's military defense in Maluku, Sulawesi, Surabaya and Semarang. These conditions led to the fall of the center of Japan's defense and declining morale of the Japanese army. The strength of the Japanese army who originally offensive (attacking) turned into defensive (defensive). To the people of Indonesia, the Japanese military government still touting heralding (convincingly) that Japan will win the Pacific war.

On July 18, 1944, Prime Minister Hideki Tojo was forced to resign and was replaced by Prime Minister Kuniaki Koiso. In order to attract the sympathy of Indonesia in order to further enhance its assistance both morally and materially, then the special session of the 85th Parliament of Japan (Teikoku Ginkai) on 7 September 1944 (there is a mention of 19 September 1944), Prime Minister Koiso announced that the States those under Japanese rule allowed independent "later in life". The promise of independence is often referred to as the Declaration of Kaiso. At that time, Koiso considered making peace with the Allies, but he could not find a solution that would appease the Japanese or American.

Since then the Japanese government gave a chance to the people of Indonesia to the red and white flag side by side with the Hinomaru (Japanese flag), as well as the national anthem Indonesia Raya song be sung after Kimigayo. On the one hand there is a bit of freedom, but on the other hand the Japanese government further increased the number of youth on defense tenga. Apart from the existing defense organizations coupled with other organizations such as: Barisan Student (Suishintai), Barisan Dare Dead (Jikakutai) consists of 50,000 people who were inspired by a Japanese Kamikaze troops number 50,000 people (death squads during the attack on Pearl Harbour) .

At the end of 1944, Japan's position increasingly squeezed in the Greater East Asia War the Allies occupied territories under Japanese, such as Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Marshall Islands, Saipan and even islands are located very close to Japan has been successfully occupied by the U.S. in July , 1944. Allied then attacked Ambon, Makassar, Manado, Tarakan, Balikpapan and Surabaya.

Faced with a critical situation, then on March 1, 1945 the government of the Japanese occupation of Java, led by army commander Lt. Gen. 16th Kumakici Harada announced the formation Dokuritsu Junbi Cosakai or Investigation Agency Efforts Preparation of Indonesian Independence (BPUPKI). The purpose of establishing the agency is investigating and gathering essential materials on economics, politics and governance in preparation for Indonesia's independence.

Despite long-standing membership in the preparation due to bargaining between the Indonesia and Japan, but eventually BPUPKI successfully inaugurated May 28, 1945 to coincide with the birthday of the Emperor of Japan, the Emperor Hirohito. The membership numbered 67 people formed by chairman Dr. K.R.T. Radjiman Widiodiningrat and R. Suroso and Japan as a representative Ichi Japanese Bangase plus 7 members who do not have a voice. Ir. Sukarno, who at the time was also nominated as chairman, rejected his nomination because they want to gain greater freedom in the debate, because it is usually the role of a moderator or chairman menegahi parties in a decision is not absolute.

On May 28, 1945 dilangsungkanlah BPUPKI inauguration ceremony held at the House of Cuo Sangi In, Jalan Pejambon Jakarta, attended by the Commander of the Japanese Seventh Area Army Commander General Itagaki and the Six Twelve in Java Lieutenant General Nagano. BPUPKI begin his duties by doing trials to formulate the constitution for Indonesia in the future. The main thing to be discussed is the basis for Indonesia's independence.

During his tenure BPUPKI only hold court twice. The first hearing took place on May 29 through June 1, 1945 in a building in Jalan Chou Sang In Pejambon 6 Jakarta is now known as Pancasila Building. In the first trial, Dr. KRT. Rajiman Widyodiningrat as chairman in his opening address the problem of fundamental concern to the Indonesian state which was formed on May 29, 1945.

There are three people who gave his views on the basis of the Indonesian state, namely Mr. Muhammad Yamin, Prof.. Dr. Supomo and Ir. Sukarno.

The first person to give his view is Mr. Muhammad Yamin.

In a short speech, he put forward the five principles are:

a. fairy nationality

b. elf to the deity

c. welfare

d. humanity

e. popular fairy

On May 31, 1945, Prof. Dr. Soepomo in his speech also proposed five principles are:

a. unity

b. consensus and democracy

c. social justice

d. kinship

e. discussion

On the third day of the hearing date of June 1, 1945, Ir. Sukarno proposed five basic independent state of Indonesia, namely:

a. Nationality Indonesia

b. Internationalism and humanitarianism

c. Consensus or democracy

d. Social welfare

e. Belief in one God.

The five principles of Ir. Sukarno was called Pancasila which according to him can be squeezed or Three Tri Sila Sila, namely:

a. Sosionasionalisme

b. Sosiodemokrasi

c. Belief in a culturally

Even according to Ir. Soekarno Trisila above can still be squeezed into the Eka sila sila Mutual Aid.

Although there are three proposals on the basis of the state, but until June 1, 1945 hearing BPUPKI not managed to agree on the basic state. It was decided to form a special committee tasked to review and reformulate proposals from members, both verbally and in writing of the results of the first trial. This special committee known as the Committee of 9 or subcommittee consisting of:

1. Ir. Sukarno (chairman)

2. Drs. Moh. Hatta (vice-chairman)

3. KH. Wachid Hashim (members)

4. Abdoel Kahar Muzakar (members)

5. A.A. Maramis (members)

6. Abikoesno Tjokrosoeyoso (members)

7. H. Agus Salim (members)

8. Mr. Achmad Soebardjo (members)

9. Mr. Muhammad Yamin (members).

On June 22, 1945, the Committee held nine meetings. The result of the meeting, the State direkomondasikan formula known as the Jakarta Charter (Jakarta Charter) containing

1. Deity with the obligation to carry out Islamic adherents;

2. Just and civilized humanity;

3. Unity of Indonesia;

4. Democracy guided by the inner wisdom of representative deliberation;

5. Social justice for all Indonesian people.

You just point formula Jakarta charter first, the concept is what ultimately changed because of criticism that the Indonesian people in the religious compound. On the other hand the concept is currently being sought was keen to back the effort to carry out Islamic law for followers of Islam since the majority in Indonesia.

Having successfully prepared Jakarta Charter, the Committee established designer BPUPKI Constitution. This is the 2nd session on July 10 to 16, 1945. The committee is chaired by Ir. Sukarno and consisted of 19 people. At its meeting on July 11, 1945, the committee established designer Constitution subcommittee consisting of 7 people.

a. Prof. Dr. Mr. Soepomo (chair and member)

b. Mr. Wongsonegoro

c. Mr. Achmad Soebardjo

d. A.A. Maramis

e. Mr. R.P. Singgih

f. H. Agus Salim

g. Dr. Sukiman.

Subcommittee task is to refine and restructure the draft constitution has been agreed. In addition to the above subcommittee, those committee members Smoothing language consisting of Prof. Dr. Mr. Soepomo, Prof. Dr. P.A.A. Hoesein Djayadiningrat.

Dated July 13, 1945, chaired the Constitution Committee designer Ir. Sukarno held a hearing to discuss the work of the designer Constitution subcommittee.

On July 14, 1945 in the plenary session of the committee received a report designer BPUPKI Constitution read by Ir. Sukarno. In the report three key issues, namely:

a. Indonesia's independence declaration

b. opening the Constitution

c. the body of the Constitution.

The concept of independent Indonesia statements prepared by taking the first three charter Alenia Jakarta. While the concept of the Constitution is almost entirely drawn from the fourth paragraph of the Jakarta Charter.

The work of the committee reported designers Constitution was finally accepted by BPUPKI. This event is a very important moment because this is where the future of the nation was formed.

On August 7, 1945, BPUPKI or Dokurtsu Junbi Cosakai disbanded by the Japanese for being too quick to realize the will of Indonesia's independence, and they denied any involvement in the preparation of the leader of the Japanese occupation of Indonesia's independence.

On that date also formed PPKI or Dokuritsu Junbi Inkai, with members totaling 21 people, consisting of 12 people from Java, 3 people of Sumatra, 2 people of Sulawesi, one man from Borneo, one person from the Nusa Tenggara, one of the Moluccas, 1 of the Chinese people.

History of the Chinese state

China in whatever aspect has been the new post-Cold War world. Attention people of the earth on her. If we look at history, we will be able to understand, that the country's bamboo curtain has forged many upheavals in the past, heavy and threatening.

China is one of the oldest cultures in the world's history. From archaeological and anthropological discoveries, the area was inhabited by the Chinese since ancient humans 1.7 million years ago. Chinese civilization originated from the various city states along the Yellow River valley in the Neolithic era. China's written history began in the Shang Dynasty (ca. 1750 BC - 1045 BC).

History has proved that China is a nation-state are managed through various episodes of life, with a tragic ending and happy. Of a great nation, led by various dynasties, China had to pass first "period contempt" by European powers since the mid-19th century before finally "freed" by the communist forces under the leadership of Mao Zedong in 1949.

China in the Mao was China's' hate but misses "to both the United States and the Soviet Union - a foreign policy posture that led to China should isolate itself from the international community. Meanwhile, trouble of the people in the country peaked due Mao political adventure in the Great Leap Forward (1958-60) and the Cultural Revolution (1966-76).

China in the Mao is a socialist state in which the state plays a major role in economic development. In the industrial sector, for example, the government-owned companies produce more than 60 percent of the gross value of industrial production. In the urban sector, the government is the only agency authorized to set prices of key commodities, determine the distribution of investment funds, allocated energy resources, set wage labor, and control of financial policy and the banking system. Foreign trade system is also a monopoly of the government since the early 1950's.

Since Mao "went to Marx" in September 1976, China began to open itself and adopt open market reforms. Since 1978 the role of the central government under the leadership of Deng Xiaoping in regulating the dwindling economy, coupled with the growing role of both private companies and other market forces. As a result, China's economy shows an astonishing dynamism: between 1978 and 1995, China's contribution to world GDP increased from 5% to 10.9%. Although China is still relatively poor in the context of per capita income, this result has fueled speculation about the future of China. In fact there are observers who say that the success of China to not be sucked into the waves of the Asian economic crisis, the Chinese economy is expected to be able to match the United States in about 2015.

China enters the 21st century with the remnants of socialist ideology in one leg and endeavor to be one of world power other leg. If during Mao ruled China still apply autocratic rules, excessive cult figure heads of state, the rigid orthodoxy and isolationism, it is in the era of the 1990s and beginning of the 21st century is the Chinese government is faced with a much more educated population and could articulate themselves.

China's communist revolution that was adored (which is closely related to working-class radicalism, egalitarianism, and hostile alisme imperi-West) has been replaced by a modernized China, with an integrated capitalist industrial economy to the world, the application of the concept of democracy, and human resource development through the education system advanced. This is evidence of rejection in the name of modernization or revolution, in other words, the rejection of socialism in the name of capitalism.

The transition from a centralized socialist economy towards a free market economy is making the most of the living standard of the Chinese people has improved. It is therefore not surprising that prosperity is no longer a luxury item in China. Economic boom has brought great progress in living standards most urban Chinese. Although China is not necessarily soon will be free and open society, but restrictions on pop culture and other harmful things from the West have started deducting three quarter capitalism has further evidence that the stick nails in China.

The transition was also raises acute issues that must be addressed immediately. Kenneth Lieberthal, a sinolog from the University of Michigan, make a list of five tergawat problems facing China today: (1) reduction in the degree of environmental quality, (2) unemployment, (3) separatist conflicts that lead to disintegration, (4) China's participation in the WTO, and (5) the endemic corruption.

With regard to the latter issue, China realized that a political and social environment that is stable is a necessity for maintaining a healthy economic development, including the fight against corruption. This is why the Chinese government since the beginning of the reform has been committed to making economic development as the primary task and with it also struggling against corruption to ensure stability and promote reform and development.

Given the importance of China today in many fields, it is no exaggeration when it is stated that we need to look at how the development of culture and history to be as current as a valuable reflection. This book complements the history of China in Indonesian paper titled China's Nio Joe Lan Sepandjang Century. At least this work will facilitate sinologi scholars and the general public in the study of Chinese history.

History The band Evanescence

The band Evanescence is a rock band from Arkansas, United States. Founders originally as vokalist Amy Lee and Ben Moody as gitarist. Evanescence means berpudar. Evanescence's Amy Lee loved the name because tedengar mysterious and dark.

Evanescence success through debut album, entitled Fallen has been a lot of controversy following them. Departure of Ben Moody as the initiator founder of Evanescence, many people will think this band's career will be over. The Open Door who became her second album to be the answer that without Ben, Evanescence can succeed despite not segemilang the album Fallen. But underneath it all through both previous albums, there is one thing that is very worrying. What? Yes, what else if not a lot of personnel who leave and re-assembling the personnel raises teradi back. After the album The Open Door, the only remaining personnel Amy Lee and Terry Balsamo on guitar position where he previously just a backup charger. Terry himself who joined since 2003 helped the tour Evanescence Amy Lee, Anywhere But Home before becoming a permanent member in the year to date, as well as engaging the album The Open Door.

As if do not want to drown, Amy rose through the third studio album, Evanescence. With logo Evanescence writing that shines through the little white lights, surrounded by the blue and black colors seem dark, dark as if to show and confirmed that Evanescence will remain there and can not be underestimated by anyone, so this is the era of the rise of Evanescence. With the merger of three new personnel that Troy McLawhorn on rhythm guitar, Tim McCord on bass and last Will Hunt on drums for Evanescence has established drove past behind. With a wide range of personnel from backgrounds different bands that enrich this third album material.

Still rely on alternative metal genre, combined with elements of gothic rock but on this third album, musical composition and lyrics are offered to sound heavy, gloomy and dark, although same fleeting second album, but musically it has the feel of different music than her previous album , as well as multiple tracks with up-tempo rhythms adorn this album. With Amy Lee's vocals are very distinctive and charming, and seemed to 'haunt' who could refuse to hear "What You Want", which became the single track as well as the opening where Will Hunt played very hard on beating drums and distorted guitar accompaniment continues with strong , but it sounded catchy and easy to digest bring listeners to see what the current Evanescence. "Made of Stone" "The Change", "The Other Side" and "Sick" still sounds more dark and gloomy and suggests desperation.

How to track balladnya? "My Heart Is Broken" which opened with a piano intro bit deceptive where the twenty-second of continuing with a stomping drum beats, plus lyrics containing the despair of post left by his lover adding more value to this track. "Lost In Paradise" ballad track which at first glance reminiscent of "My Immortal" invites the listener to enjoy the powerful vocals Amy. Through the "Erase This" and "End Of The Dream", Evanescence tried playing with the shades up tempo, as well as "Never Go Back" sounds more metal. But listen to "Ocean" which is directly related to my ears seemed reminiscent of the tracks on the album Fallen "Whisper" and closed with "Swimming Home" ballad track which is very much different from track to track Evanescence most perfect dessert.

Different, yes a little different or maybe a lot if listeners can still expect Amy will continue to play as the two previous albums. Evanescence itself is the third album where it can also be said proyect idealist with Amy Lee of Evanescence band members post some others go. Although not much of anything new to offer, and with a little formula and adds a touch of rhythm hand some new personnel, at least this album is a form of waiting is worth the wait after a span of five years after the release of the album The Open Door. Nick Raskulinecz appointed to producers previously worked with Foo Fighters, Alice In Chains emphasized musicality that carried through the album Evanescence. Regardless of success or failure, Amy Lee and Evanescence proved that under any circumstances, Evanescence will still be there, and nothing prevents to keep moving forward.

History of Germany

Country Germany is a country located in Central Europe. Countries with a long history of this, on the west border with the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, and France. In the south by Switzerland and Austria. On the east by Czech and Polish. In the northern border with Denmark.

German territory 357,021 square kilometers and is influenced by a winter climate. With 82 million inhabitants, Germany merupakannegara diantaranegara most populous member states of the European Union and the third largest number of adalahtempat migraninternasional in the world.

Early History of the German Standing

Germany has a long history and unique state. Initially, the German form of German Unity. In 1871, Germany stands, the form of the German Empire. After World War II, the German Empire was divided into two countries, West Germany (Federal Republic of Germany) and East Germany (German Democratic Republic). Both countries have different ideologies. Since unification (unification) of West Germany and East Germany in 1990, Germany had its name officially known as the Federal Republic of Germany. At present, Germany consists of 39 sovereign federation. Berlin is the capital of the country.

Germany is considered as prehistoric period before the arrival of the Romans who then wrote the notes on the region. The historical record of the area now called Germany started since the reports about the Roman and Greek barbarians ("Berbers"), which inhabits the northern Alps. This period can be termed as the era protosejarah.

The era of history began in the 5th century, commonly called the Middle Ages by European historians. At this time, the stage of history dominated by a feudal federasilonggar variety known as the Holy Roman Empire, which stretched for nearly 10 centuries, from the 9th century until the year 1806. In its heyday, the empire's territory covers the territory of modern Germany, Austria, Slovenia, Czech, Polish western, eastern France, Switzerland, and the modern Italiautara. After the mid-16th century, when the nation lost a lot of non-German territories, the empire is referred to as the "Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation".

Napoleonic Wars changed the course of history, from the orientation of feudalism into a militaristic state, with the formation of the German Confederation in 1815-1866, in 1871-1918 the German Empire and the Weimar Republic in 1919-1933. After the reign of Adolf Hitler's Nazi Germany in 1933-1945 that brought the destruction of this nation in World War II, came the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) and the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) as a symbol of the Cold War, until German reunification in 1990.

History Of Bubat War

Bubat war is a war where King Pajajaran come to talk about the marriage of King Hayam Wuruk of Majapahit and Princess Diah Pitaloka of Pajajaran. Bubat war makes the controversial historical events between Sundanese and Javanese culture, and spawned a variety of prejudices between the two.

There are many important information is actually from the Song of Sunda if we analisia, this book is a reference source in addition to reinforcing the war Bubat Pararaton book, although the book is the official book of Negarakertagama Majapahit kingdom, which did not mention the great event.

Canto I of the hymn book Sunda mentioned the name of king Hayam Wuruk Majapahit kingdom, the name Hayam Wuruk was raised also by Pararaton book, this relation and why it is said that the Song of Sunda and Pararaton are 2 books that reinforce each other in the event of war Bubat. Very strange that the public receives the title king of Majapahit Sri Rajasanagara with Hayam Wuruk, Hayam is a word that has meaning Sundanese Chicken, was Wuruk same in Sundanese word that has meaning more towards whiz whiz fights. This is great to promote the book so that the name Hayam Wuruk Pararaton as if the correct name designations or call and not half-hearted name of a great king of Majapahit empire. Even the government admits this title.

Other information like things are impossible, not in logic and mysticism, such as this excerpt:

"So he (red-Gajah Mada) impose any upakara (equipment) and do yoga samadhi ceremony. Thereafter he disappeared (moksha) invisible toward nothingness (noetic)"

The Song of Sunda views of the entire contents of a narrative for a story, more towards fantasy fiction means there is a utopian imaginary of the creator of the events narrated. Of course, the truth of history to narrative is highly doubtful there may be no historical value, may also take Bubat war is only engineered to follow the story before, because the Song of Sunda is diterbitan after the first book containing similar incidents of the war which first published Bubat Pararaton book.

Well in the case of initidak deepened further on the authenticity, the truth or falsity of the Song of Sunda and Pararaton, but rather focus analyzing the content presented by the Song of Sunda on events perng Bubat, let's look at the passage from the Song of Sunda:

Excerpts most of the Song of Sunda (translation) Canto I:

"So Madhu took the letter back to the Majapahit king Sunda reply and tell their arrival. Soon they departed with innumerable accompaniment. There are two hundred small boats and the total was 2,000 ships, small boats following. Junk boat. It is possible to board the Sundanese party of this kind. But when they boarded the ship, terlihatlah bad foreshadowing. The ship that rides the King, Queen and Princess of Sunda is a "junk Tatar (Mongolia / China) as widely used since the war Wijaya." (Verse 1. 43a.) ".

Important information obtained from a passage the Song of Sunda on one of them is on the fleet of the Kingdom of Sunda Galuh group, consisting of 200 pieces of small size vessels, the total fleet of about 2,000 boats comprised mostly of large number of vessels in plus sizes 200 ships in a small size.

Arithmetical simple, if we let 1 piece boat load average or carried a crew of 10 men, mean number of entourage around 20,000 people, this amount is too much to overdose or a wedding. Imagine further that the charge in 1 piece minimum boat crew transporting an average of 20 people, the group number can reach about 40,000 people, and it's also not a small amount, that amount was enough for a plan of attacking or invading a country or other kingdoms at that .

Sunda land sailing trip from the east end to Java using boats, certainly not the kind of small boats are used. These boats should be able to accommodate the number of personnel or the crew of more than 30 people in 1 boats, if counted again and summed average of 1 piece boat load crew of 30 people, the total number will reach a total range of more than 60,000 people, enough fantastic and ideal for a plan of attack, as well as the Majapahit kingdom incinerated in fact they were busy outside the territory invaded his kingdom.

Maritime technology or boat building technology, and then adapted to the presence of a future work Sunda Galuh perdamainya hundreds of years, of course, boat building and technology will be possible, it could be the result of buying from other countries as it is revealed that the large boats used are similar to boats attacked a Mongol army during the reign of the kingdom of Kediri Jayakatwang, even had close relationship with the history of the famous kingdom of Srivijaya maritime having superior technology, plus sufficient funding to purchase or make it a ship or boat.

Javanese tradition or wherever in marriage, men who have come to the bride, not the opposite. If Galuh Sunda king and his army on the story of the Song of Sunda is said to feel insulted as an excuse to go to war at the time, to be told that they must be defeated militarily and was asked by Gajah Mada, then logically the actual sense it was impossible, that the reason such It means from the beginning he was humiliating himself by coming escort the princess bride Citraresmi as king of Majapahit Hayam Wuruk (or Sri Rajasanegara), the story is a paradox, of course, unacceptable. While it is possible in certain areas or special conditions exist such that the candidate is the wife who came to the man but it can not be called a general truth.

In the Song of Sunda is also discussed about the Gajah Mada was blamed by the senior (Daha and Territory authorities Kahuripan) dikeraton Majapahit kingdom merpakan Hayam Wuruk uncle, when the end of the war Bubat, but why in the book of hymns Sunda Sunda stated that among the leaders Galuh including the murdered king, that they (the seniors) did. When the incident took place, something that no one else is singkron Hayam Wuruk participate in that war. Here too realistic, clearly the fantasy of the author, in fact any real war could kill each other not only with a magnifying magnifying, ordinary soldier can kill a king, or it could be they were not killed immediately but because of a long-distance arrow or spear.

Although there were no sentimental side of the Sunda Song said that regrets the death of Hayam Wuruk Dyah Citraresmi narrated Pitaloka or suicide. Yet such a death for those who are frequently at war is something common especially the teachings espoused enables the wife or the family or the husband sacrifices himself after his parents passed away, or is it humanity though war is an option, seeing thousands of people drifting soul, certainly as all warriors tribute to it themselves or the other party with a sense of deep sorrow.

In the Song of Sunda is also explained there envoy to the kingdom of Majapahit Galuh Sunda, who narrated and explained the purpose of bringing the king Hayam Wuruk to apply for a royal princess. The analysis was possible for the current event or events coming messenger of Majapahit, is that it's actually Majapahit kingdom envoy envoy to ask the king Sunda kingdom to bow down and surrender Galuh below of the Majapahit kingdom, the pattern of the messengers as the usual things that one desires for empire have conquer another kingdom, a sort of warning not to attack suddenly for no reason. In the end if acceptable means both sides come to terms with the conditions prescribed together, if instead the two sides have been preparing to go to war.

If the war had been intended by the King of Sunda Galuh, the question is why pramesuri and daughter participate palace. It is easy to answer, on the assumption that long trip, a planned military operation off the ground Sunda to Majapahit at least take a long time. Certainly there are major vessels convenient for them, the ship-ship was certainly able to perform activities of members of the royal family were not disturbed by the course of the war the condition of the soldiers, the other, can be made as comfortable as possible.

Their participation in the course of the fighting are common, like the Mongols who travel (long march) to other countries, they often bring along their families, as well as they can be used in preparation for a religious ceremony before the start of the war and so forth. In certain times may be to motifator for the troops and the king, adding to the spirit of combat soldiers.

Number of about 2000 pieces of the ship is an exceedingly grandeur, it makes sense for Galuh Sunda kingdom prosperous and extensively large territory, wants to show the superiority of the economy and their financial capabilities. Great army led by the king of Sunda Galuh it is natural, a combination of the colonies, the areas of power subordinate kingdoms Galuh Sunda kingdom at that time. That number is the sum of the combined army and certainly no confidence of their army defeated the Majapahit kingdom pasukanya most likely still come out on an expedition or invasion of the country or territory to the other kingdoms.

Other historical sources to support the story of the war Bubat Pararaton book (Book of the Kings), which is one excerpt of the event include:

"The Sundanese will present the king's daughter, but was not allowed by the noble lords, they are able to fall on the field of battle in Bubat, will not give up, will risk his blood."

Excerpts above provide information that the notice of the King of Sunda Galuh to the nobles, the daughter of the king of delivery options as an offering to the King of Majapahit. The nobles refused that option before, this means that the theory of planned submission or the motorcade to escort the princess to be married to the king of Majapahit Hayam Wuruk it never happened, that there was a king and his princes Sunda Galuh kerajaanya agreed to declare war on Majapahit. The conclusion that can be drawn is that this war was planned before, was chosen area Bubat is because the location and selection of their strategies they already charge for attacking or invading the kingdom of Majapahit.

Excerpts from the book Pararaton:

"Willingness noble nobleman blood flow, leading to the parties who are eager Sunda, was to: Disallow Court, Sohan Lord, Lord Gempong, Panji Melong, the people of Tobong Goods, Rangga Cahot, God Guts, God Sohan, People Pangulu, People Only , Rangga Kaweni, People Siring Satrajali, Jagadsaja, all Sundanese people cheered.

Mingled with the sound of bende, cheering hubbub was like thunder.

The King Maharaja had preceded fall, falling together with God Guts.

Majesty Parameswara headed to Bubat, he did not know that the Sundanese still many who do not fall, aristocratic nobles, leading their last strike, the Majapahit damaged.

As for the conduct of resistance and revenge, was to: Arya Sentong, Gowi duke, duke of Highways Lewih, Patih Teteg, and Jaran Baya.

All ministers araman was fought on horseback, terdesaklah Sundanese, and held a strike to the south and west, towards the Gajah Mada, each person who arrives upfront Sunda train, fall like an ocean of blood, carcass like a mountain, shattering the Sundanese people , no one was left behind, in saka: Nine Horses Wings Earth, or: 1279. "

Excerpts above as tit for tat, in tune or in accordance with the information provided regarding the number of the Song of Sunda Sunda kingdom Galuh troops in the war, with the scale of the number of troops enormous.

Additional information about the strengthening of the passage above bende statements that sound like the roar of cheers and fanfare, and also stated that the Sunda Galuh troops who died described the situation that the distribution of blood flow due to the many soldiers who died is like the ocean, dead bodies of human beings or forces such as mountains, and the total destruction without a trace.

If the number of bodies piling up small amounts and it is not such a death in the war era as it may be used, and often, because when troops attacked the empire of Genghis Khan Kwarizmi, a massacre can be outside the reach of millions of the human soul. It's said that time depiction of the situation, the decapitated head just at the time when digambarkankan hills forming the great pyramids, not bodies strewn and scattered everywhere. It was a terrible sight, but these historical facts and events can also occur at that time.

The question then is why the great army Galuh Sunda royal army can be defeated in the war, slaughtered out no trace. This is due to the hundreds of years Galuh Sunda kingdom never again fight in large scale and long, after a period of peace and prosperity-mas (10th century to 14th century AD), while it setatusnya great empire which was one of the superpowers Java ditataran even archipelago. The opposite condition for the kingdom of Majapahit troops at that time constantly making military invasions into other countries and that means always covered with war experience until then.

Majapahit troops at that time diasmunsikan still was keen to invade or expeditions to other countries, certainly most troops pasukanya no position empire. The logic of the amount of involvement at the time of Majapahit army itself is certainly reduced from the total amount of the overall work force, estimated at about 1/2 or 2/3 of the army Galuh Sunda kingdom is there. But with the number of such troops could defeat the Sunda Galuh, why? This is because the They are trained, accustomed, Forged and experienced in life during that war.

War scenario could be likened to three stages, namely:

Beginning of the war between the fleet sea, ocean fleet Majapahit troops were forced because of lack fleet, but that goal is not total war more toward disorder

War of the beach, here simply to weaken the royal troops Sunda Galuh because that can only be done by the Majapahit army can hold your arrows through the attack and that there is a limit supply of arrows, but is most effective in reducing the number of enemies.

Ground war going Bubat broad field, this is total war, with a variety of strategies, and a more dominant role in the war as it is the experience and strategy.

Gajah Mada and Hayam Wuruk have a prototype or a source of inspiration for a method of forming an army of war, from the Mongols to the warlord of the land at once Imparium Mongol emperor Genghis Khan ie, the Conqueror with kekaisarnya period also developed at that time as well, though at the time of their emperor Mongol held by his successors, namely I stroke Khan, is also a model for other countries around the world for an ideal unification of ethnic nations into a great nation.

The main idea or the idea of ​​unification was first pioneered by the Sri Rajasa Amurwabhumi (Ken Arok - Book Pararaton version of the name), founder of the dynasty Rajasa, which began as a sovereign duchy Tumapel, part of the kingdom of Kediri, then took over the kingdom of Kediri and form a new empire known by the name of kingdom Tumapel (Singhasari Pararaton book version). Death of the king of Sri Rajasa Tumapel with Genghis Khan's death in 1227 AD. The existence of the kingdom Tumapel already in the record of the Yuan Dynasty of China with sebutanatau chanting "Tu-ma-pen". This means that it has been done before trade relations between the kingdom archipelago with China region, and from this bleak world political map delivered to the archipelago.

King was a direct descendant of Majapahit dynasty Rasaja, whose founder is nothing more famous king Tumapel or designation Singhasari first, Sri Rajasa the Amurwabhumi. The idea or notion of territorial expansion Sri Rajasa then followed by the fourth derivative of the king Kertanegara, so more power Tumapel known as Singhasari at that time was widespread with the mission known as "Expedition Pamalayu".

The idea and the idea of ​​unification and expansion of the region is actually ultimately aims to counter the onslaught of great strength Mongol army itself, which is likely to lead to the southeast Asian region, without exception archipelago areas. The idea or the idea of ​​reunion was also made for the defense system and the formation of alliances or joint military troops throughout the kingdom in the archipelago facing major storm of the Mongol army.

Mongol armies devastated and could even slaughtered a number of troops that could be 5 times the amount pasukanya, this would yield fruit of their strategies and experience on land Mongol wars, wars between clans (tribes) led the They tested for the model of war as any.

So also in the army troops face the Sunda Galuh even brought so many soldiers, like a flood, maybe Majapahit troops collected only 30,000 to 45,000 people, but the position of the They who control the battlefield and experts from all wars, will easily make helter- Sunda Galuh devastated army formations.

War is definitely Bubat war is heroic and full of stories of heroism for both parties (if the assumption is really happening), because the evidence of inscriptions relic was never discussed about the heroism of war Bubat, logically, if it happens for a historical monument is established for both parties, because these events are not likely forgotten in the history of nationalities.

Majapahit troops would fight with proven strategies, while Sunda Galuh than strategies relying on the number of magnitude, although in the end there must be a defeat and surrender, Majapahit troops certainly will not receive, because it adopted a policy of war Genghis Khan, what the enemy struck first logic must be slaughtered if we are indeed in a war such emotions, events reversed if Majapahit troops if they are in a position to win, definitely turns Majapahit troops to be slaughtered.

But perhaps more striking is the nature of heroism Galuh Sunda troops themselves, who do not know the word surrender, they make war like a war models Puputan the war to the bitter end, in the spirit of war is blood sampa efflux alias autumn as a war hero.

Surely this heroic spirit of great pride and makes anyone touched including the opposition, and the tradition of war usually have a remarkable tradition of respect for the fallen opponent. That picture of king Hayam Wuruk who was touched by the conditions of such a war, saw heroism of all soldiers who died, including the entire royal family and the nobility.

Unlike the case when the king of Sunda Galuh escape from war, this course will mencedrai heroism that. War to the death will be the pride of the entire community as well Sunda Galuh at that time. Lost indeed but lost honorably and proud, there is no reason for them to feel humiliated or embarrassed.

If the method of war to the plenary by Majapahit troops, which is probably the kingdoms of the archipelago are treated equally well by such means is the total war to clean, terrorized in a similar way to the finish perfectly. It also, once again when it's in a state of war, for the They were declared not subject to and recognize the kingdom of Majapahit kingdom, so it is also fast in a short time and that cause can Nusantara kingdoms united and conquered.

What does the king of Sunda Galuh with an army is reasonable, as they try to defend themselves by attacking first kerjaannya, theories surprise attack, than they attacked first, but miscalculated and not endorsed or accompanied by troops of war experience.

At the end of the They had to admit defeat. The king Sunda Galuh along with the rest of the army and followers of Sunda kingdom Galuh into the fallen heroes who bravely face the risk of death as an end result in war.

Gajah Mada famous elite intelligence has named Bayangkara, which has telatih and educated nearly perfect, offensive information Sunda kingdom Galuh like this it would have been the They received earlier and prepared antisifasinya albeit with modest resources.

Mahapatih Gajah Mada, King Hayam Wuruk and military forces have to work hard and with a brilliant strategy for dealing with such a large number of enemies who, despite the victory achieved but the number of troops who survived only a few thousand people for sure.

After the war Bubat, the Majapahit Empire troops did not mobilize a large force to the center of the kingdom of Sunda Galuh after that win, it is because the calculations Galuh Sunda kingdom is no longer a force that can confront the future and they also need time to recover from induced by the great war.

The Song of Sunda stated Gajah Mada moksa (disappear swallowed by the earth in ways mystic), but in Negarakertagama of Gajah Mada was because he was already replaced uzhhur it time and enjoy the old times, and within its own Gajah Mada had had enough, what he helped forge the last with the royal army defeated a large army Sunda archipelago Galuh means all can be conquered, the conquest of a perfect journey.

Gajah Mada was 71 years old when finished serving Mahapatih in the kingdom of Majapahit in 1313 AD governor since he took office in Kediri kingdom, Majapahit kingdom subordinate to the year 1364 AD, accounting for 51 years shook it, plus he has served as a senior soldier Bayangkara squad leader, Assuming say 25-year mean age range of about 76 years, if only reasonable age Gajah Mada dies, or Gajah Mada with a man that age was older (red - aki-aki rempong), it is natural to retire and enjoy life let alone ideals and devotion is considered sufficient magnitude.

Hayam Wuruk when referring to the war years of the Book Pararaton Bubat the year 1357 AD, it is adjusted to the time served Hayam Wuruk reigned from the year 1334 until the year 1389 AD is calculated years earlier dinobatkannya called the young king, say age 10 at the time of annual , mean age at the time of the war Hayam Wuruk Bubat occurs is 33 years old and that age Hayam Wuruk is married and has a daughter aged 14 years who had an arranged marriage with a young cousin who will be king of Majapahit after the king Hayam Wuruk. Dyah Pitaloka rich offerings theory redundant, because the King King Galuh certainly do not want their children to be concubines were not lower crown.

Bubat war story is different from the stories that circulated in general. Wars between party candidates for the introduction of the royal princess bride Galuh Sunda to Majapahit king Hayam Wuruk. It is simply an analysis of the existence of the Song of Sunda is considered a reference to the event or events Bubat war.

The Song of Sunda itself as Sundayana Pararaton book and the book must be ensured to absyahannya, the truth content of the story. Because this history, not just stuck and glued to the story of the son of man, a certain group of people or parties that have an interest in not good for the nation of Indonesia, which later plot was considered a general truth. This means that we will be misguided and research the history of the Indonesian government alone should be responsible to straighten the truth of history, with a House of National History.

What I tell just based Asumi that if the war was really the case, please each dear readers to analyze their own book of Song of Sunda. Logic and conditions realistiklah that became the basis for the author.

One thing that so the big question in this Sunda hymn, the author does not mention the exact name prameswari and daughter of the king of Sunda Galuh Citraresmi or Dyah Pitaloka and even the name of the King of Sunda Galuh at that time was also not called, logically, those who authored the book (the book) Song of Sunda were those who were limited knowledge of history itself, or is it all fictional stories sebelumnyaan which Citraresmi daughter alone or Dyah Pitaloka Pararaton only exist in books, books that are considered true by the general public, even though the book is a lot of weirdness and Pararaton kebenarnya equally be proved.