History of Atomic Structure

Niels Bohr was a Danish physicist who considered the greatest physicist of all time, the inventor of the atomic theory of Bohr, inventor of the liquid drop model of the nucleus of the atom, physicists par with Einstein's theory. Bohr is not the first person in the world who discovered the atomic structure or model of the atom. Struktor atom discovered by Rutherford, English physicist, in 1911. But Rutherford atomic structure (structure by Rutherford's atom) is less clear. According to the Rutherford atom consists of a nucleus surrounded by electrons, such as the sun surrounded by planets. But Rutherford can not explain how much distance an electron from the nucleus. Bohr atomic model Rutherford fix. Bohr was the first in the world to apply quantum theory to solve problems of atomic structure. He made important contributions to the development of quantum physics for nearly 50 years.

Biography of Niels Bohr - Atomic Structure Inventor

Bohr was born in Copenhagen, Denmark, on October 7, 1885 and died in Copenhagen also on 18 November 1962 at the age of 77 years. His father Christian Bohr, professor of physiology at the University of Copenhagen. His mother was Ellen Adler Bohr and respected family in the world including Bank in Denmark. Since childhood, Bohr was seen as a bright child who loved to read and study the scientific books.

At the age of 22 years, while still a senior at the University of Copenhagen, Bohr received the gold medal of the Copenhagen Institute of Sciences for his work on the surface tension of water. At the age of 26 years he received a doctorate for his thesis on the metal electrons. Then he went to England to study the atom with Thomson, the discoverer of the electron. After that he went to Manchester to study the atomic structure with Rutherford. In 1922 at the age of 37 years he received the Nobel Prize for physics for his theory of the atom.

Bohr was a great teacher, doctor, director of the Institute of Theoretical Physics and author. Bohr wrote a book about the atomic theory. This book published in 1913. It uses the theory of light beam Planck and Rutherford atomic model to explain the light that appears on the hydrogen atom. According to Bohr, the electrons surrounding the nucleus in specific orbits. There are atoms in the outer orbit and the orbit. The orbit is an electron orbit near the nucleus. Outer orbits could hold more electrons. Electrons in the outer orbits determine the chemical properties of atoms. Sometimes electrons in outer orbit to orbit the jump. At the time of the electrons jump off light. Book by Bohr another example: Spectra and Atomic Structure Theory (1922), Atomic Theory and the Description of Nature (1934), Atomic Physics and Human Knowledge (1958).

Bohr married Margrethe Norlund in 1912. Bohr turned out not miscast. His wife is a suitable companion for him. Of marriage they were blessed with 6 sons but two people died. Managed so that the four gentlemen and even someone who got a position as Bohr and Bohr is changing as the institute director. Bohr was well aware of the dangers and benefits of the atom to mankind. He experienced World War II and how the Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bomb destroyed because of overtime. In 1950 he proposed to the United Nations in order to pursue a policy 'open world' to avoid war. The statesmen should exchange information freely, until the states can and will trust and mutual understanding. Bohr's suggestion indicates that in addition to the leading physicists, Bohr's noble spirit and thinking of the welfare of mankind.

History of Modern Theory of Quantum Mechanics

Physicist Max Born was a pure, original German citizen, then be a British citizen. In 1954, Max Born with Walther Bothe he Nobel Prize for physics for his work in the field of quantum. Quantum mechanics is a branch of mathematical physics which gives a description of the motion of electrons, protons, neutrons and subatomic particles (objects smaller than an atom). Born made a statistical study of the wave function. His work is found to replace the theory kuatum Max Plank, German physicist, in 1900.

Max Born - Inventor of Modern Theory of Quantum Mechanics

Born was born in Breslau, Germany, on December 11, 1882. Breslau city now called Wroclaw and including the territory of Poland. He died in Göttingen on the 5th of January, 1970, at the age of 88 years. 4 He was educated at the University of Breslau, Heidelberg, Zurich, and Gottingen. He received his doctorate from the University of Gottingen at the age of 25 years (1907). Later he taught in Berlin and Frankfurt am main. At the age of 39 years (1921), he was appointed professor at the University of Gottingen. He taught theoretical physics or pure physics.

In the same year Max Born reformulate the law of conservation of energy or the first law of thermodynamics. He made a precise definition of the quantity of heat. As such, it presents a mathematical statement which is very satisfying for the law. Three expert mathematics at the university of Gottingen Born affect thinking. Them it was David Hilbert, Felix Klein and Hermann Minkowski. In Berlin, Born acquainted and friends with Max Planck and Albert Einstein. As a teacher, Born to inspire the young men who are very intelligent, which later became a mathematician and physicist famous all over the world. They are Enrico Fermi, Werner Heinsenberg, and J. Robert Oppenheimer.

In 1924 Louis de Brogile, French physicist, noted that govern the motion of matter waves of atomic particles. After finding out that Erwin Schrodinger, Austrian physicist, developed a system of mathematical procedures and concepts of physics called wave mechanics. Primarily on the basis of the work of this Schrodinger, Born to conclusions that indicate the possible presence of matter waves elektrondi somewhere. Interpretation (interpretation) Born on Schrodinger wave equation is very important for the new kuatum theory.

At 1926 Werner Karl Heisenberg, Born student and assistant, first formulated the law of the new quantum theory. Born highly skilled in mathematics, soon developed a mathematical theory by using a careful and systematic. The new quantum theory is then known as quantum mechanics. Quantum mechanics is more perfect than the quantum theory of Max Planck.

Max Planck's quantum theory is more perfect than Newtonian mechanics. Newtonian mechanics can not be used to discuss objects as small as atoms. Born is not the person who discovered quantum mechanics. Quantum mechanics discovered by Erwin Schrodinger and Werner Heinsenberg. Born received the Nobel prize for perfect quantum mechanics. Besides perfect quantum mechanics, Born developed the theory of subatomic particle growth. This theory is used to solve problems in atomic particles are scattered. He can explain the dual nature of matter as particles and waves.

In 1933 Hitler become dictator in Germany. He ordered that all Jews be killed. Though Born a Jew, Not wanting to kill Hitler, Born fled to England, German enemy. Born in the UK to get a job as a lecturer at the University of Edinburgh. In 1939 World War II broke out, incoming Born a British citizen. Later he was appointed member of the UK Institute of Science. He retired in 1953 and returned to Germany, to Gottingen. Use for the rest of his life he wrote a book and write a lot of articles. Her work is recorded with the title of Work Choices and published in 1963. He condemned the misuse of science for the sake of war. He argues that the scientists responsible for the use of nuclear energy in war and in peace time.

History Inventors High Pressure Chemical Method

High Pressure Chemical Methods inventor (1874 - 1940) - Carl Bosch was a German chemist, industry entrepreneurs, engineers, chairman of the German Academy of Sciences. Company Bosch produces ammonia and methanol-made artificial. Together with Friedrich Bergius he received the Nobel Prize in chemistry for discovering high-pressure method kimia.Ia born in Cologne on August 27, 1874 and died in Heidelberg (now including the West German region) at the age of 66 years. At age 20 he studied at Charlottenburg for metallurgists and engineers so. Metallurgy is the science and technology that studies logom, metal structure, properties of metals, metal manufacturing processes and so on.

Biography Carl Bosch | Inventors High Pressure Chemical Method

In High school he was disappointed because the subjects which he received only by the sheer experience of the lecturers, not science in the sense now. Then two years later he moved to the University of Leipzig. Here metarlurgi but he did not learn chemistry. In 1889, at the age of 25 years working in Bandische Bosch Aniline-und Soda-Fabrik (BASF) in the city of Ludwigshafen. Manufacturer's name was later changed so l.G. Farbenindustrie AG.

In the company there are three properties that are very menojol Bosch. He studied had continued despite the title engineer. He pushed forward coworkers. He makes long-term plans. He is good at organizing group work. Position in the fast-emerging companies. Within 11 years he managed to occupy the top job at the company. He was chosen to be the president of the company at the age of 35 years (1935).

Approximately in 1900 the world shortage of fertilizer nitrogen. It is made of nitrate fertilizer imported from Chile, South America. But the Chilean nitrate can not meet the world's needs for fertilizer. Though plants need nitrogen or nitrogen. How to make a fertilizer that contains nitrogen?

In 1909 Haber, German chemist, successfully developed the manufacturing process of synthetic ammonia. Ammonia is made from nitrogen and hydrogen. Ratio of 1:3. Chemical formula NH3. But Haber synthetic ammonia can only be made in the laboratory. Then he handed the manufacture of artificial ammonia to Bosch. Bosch produces ammonia then made on a large scale. It happened in 1911. Four years later (1915) the company Bosch oxidize ammonia and nitric acid production. Nitric acid is widely used in the chemical industry to make medicines, dyes, and explosives. In 1923 the company Bosch produces massive artificial methanol. Methanol is the simplest alcohol liquid. Methanol is also called carbinol, wood alcohol, glass alcohol, or methyl alcohol. Synthetic methanol is made by reacting the mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide gases with high pressure.

The mixture is called synthesis gas. Synthesis gas can be made from a variety of waste, waste, waste products, any fuel containing carbon, such as brick, natural gas, and oil, and wood. Methanol is used for fuel, for the motor, as the organic solvent in the manufacture of lacquers and varnishes, in manufacture of formaldehyde for dyes, and as a mendenaturasikan ethanol. For his work with the Bosch Bergius in 1931 received the Nobel Prize. Six years later (1937) Bosch chosen as chairman of the Institute for German Studies, replacing Max Planck.

History of Soekarno, the President of the Republic Indonesia

If you hear the name Dr.. (HC) Ir. Soekarno everyone would remember the proclaimer and also the first president of Indonesia. President Sukarno's birth name is actually Koesno Sosrodihardjo, he was born in Surabaya, East Java, on June 6, 1901. If the views of its history, was Indonesia's first President Sukarno, who served in the 1945-1966 period, he also plays an important role for independence of Indonesia from Dutch colonialism. In addition, Sukarno also a digger Pancasila as he who first sparked the concept of the Indonesian state and he himself also is named Pancasila. He is also a Proclaimer of Indonesian Independence (along with Mohammad Hatta) which occurred on August 17, 1945.

Soekarno signed March 11, 1966 Warrant Supersemar controversial, the contents, based on a version of the Army Headquarters issued commissioned Lieutenant-General Suharto to secure and maintain the security of the state and the institution of the presidency. Supersemar the basis Lieutenant General Suharto to dissolve the Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI) and replace the members who sit in parliament. Having rejected accountable Provisional People's Consultative Assembly (MPR) at the fourth general assembly in 1967, President Sukarno was dismissed from his post as president of the Special Session of the MPR in the same year and appointed Soeharto as acting President of the Republic of Indonesia.

Biography Childhood & Adolescent Soekarno

Sukarno was born with a father named Raden Soekemi Sosrodihardjo and his mother Ida Ayu Nyoman Rai. The two met when Raden Soekemi who was an elementary school teacher was placed on Natives in Singaraja, Bali. Nyoman Rai is a descendant of a noble Hindu Bali and while Raden Soekemi themselves Muslim. They already have a daughter named Sukarmini before Soekarno was born. When small Soekarno lived with his grandfather, Prince Hardjokromo in Tulung Agung, East Java.

The first time he went to school at Great Tulung until he moved to Mojokerto, following her parents who were assigned in the city. In Mojokerto, her father Sukarno to enter Eerste inlandse School, the school where he worked. Then in June 1911 Sukarno moved to Europeesche Lagere School (ELS) to make it easier to be accepted in Hoogere Burger School (HBS). In 1915, Sukarno had completed his education at ELS and managed to continue to HBS in Surabaya, East Java. It can be accepted at HBS for the help of a friend of his father who named HOS Tjokroaminoto. Tjokroaminoto even gave shelter to Soekarno in the dormitory residence. In Surabaya, Soekarno many met with SI leaders, led Tjokroaminoto organization at the time, such as Alimin, Musso, Dharsono, Haji Agus Salim, and Abdul Muis. Soekarno then active in youth organizations Dharmo Tri Koro formed as an organization of Budi Utomo. Name of the organization then he change to Jong Java (Java Youth) in 1918. In addition, Sukarno also writes in the daily "Oetoesan Indies" led by Tjokroaminoto.

HBS graduate Soerabaja in July 1921, together with a colleague Djoko Asmo force at HBS, Sukarno continued to Technische Hoogeschool te Bandoeng (now ITB) in Bandung majoring in civil engineering in 1921, two months after he left college, but in 1922 signed back and graduated in 1926. Soekarno passed the test engineer on May 25, 1926 and on the 6th Anniversary of TH Bandung on July 3, 1926 she graduated with eighteen other engineers. Prof. Jacob Clay, chairman of the faculty at the time stated "Especially important events for us because there are 3 of them engineers Javanese people". [14] They were Sukarno, Anwari, and Soetedjo, other than that no one else from the Minahasa Alexander Johannes Henricus Ondang. When in Bandung, Sukarno lived at the residence Haji Sanusi who is a member of the SI and sidekick Tjokroaminoto. There he interacted with Ki Hajar Dewantara, Cipto Mangunkusumo, and Dr. Douwes Dekker, who was then the leader of the National Indische Partij organization.

Gait Political Biography of President Sukarno

1. Future National Movement

Soekarno for the first time became famous when he became a member of Jong Java Surabaya branch in 1915. For those organizations that Soekarno nature of Java-centric and just think kebudyaan be a challenge. In the annual plenary meeting held Sukarno Surabaya branch Jong Java tumultuous session with a speech using the Java language ngoko (rough). A month later he sparked a fierce debate by suggesting that Java Jong newspaper published in Malay only, and not in Dutch.

In 1926, Sukarno founded the Algemene Studie Club in London which is the result of inspiration from Dr. Indonesische Study Club. Atopic Dermatitis. This organization became the forerunner of the National Party of Indonesia was established in 1927. Sukarno's PNI activity in causing arrested Netherlands on December 29, 1929 in Yogyakarta and the next day moved to London, was sent to prison for Banceuy. In 1930 he moved to Sukamiskin and in that year he raised a phenomenal pledoi Indonesia Sues (plea), to be released again on December 31, 1931.

In July 1932, Sukarno joined the Party of Indonesia (Partindo), which is a fraction of the PNI. Sukarno was re-arrested in August 1933, and was exiled to Flores. Here, Soekarno almost forgotten by the national figures. But his spirit still burning as implied in every letter to a teacher named Ahmad Hasan Islamic Union.

In 1938 until 1942 Sukarno was exiled to Bengkulu province. Soekarno new free returns during the Japanese occupation in 1942.

2. The Japanese Occupation

At the beginning of the Japanese colonial period (1942-1945), the Japanese government had not noticed the movement of Indonesian figures mainly to "secure" its presence in Indonesia. It looks at the Movement 3A with characters and Mr. Shimizu. Shamsuddin is less popular. But ultimately, the Japanese occupation government attention and at the same time utilizing Indonesian figures such as Sukarno, Mohammad Hatta, and other organizations within each agency and institution to attract the hearts of the Indonesian population. Mentioned in various organizations such as Hokokai Java, Central People's Power (Putera), BPUPKI and PPKI, prominent figures such as Sukarno, Hatta, Ki Hajar Dewantara, KH Mas Mansour, and others mentioned and look so active. And finally national leaders to work together with the government to reach the Japanese occupation of Indonesia's independence, even though some are doing underground movement like Sutan Syahrir and Amir Sjarifoeddin because they think Japan is a dangerous fascist.

President Sukarno himself, during a speech before the opening of the reading of the text of the proclamation of independence, saying that even though we are cooperating with Japan in fact we believe and believe and rely on their own strength. He was active in the preparation of business independence Indonesia, among which are formulated Pancasila, the 1945 Constitution, and the fundamental basis of the Indonesian government, including formulating the text of the proclamation of Independence. He was persuaded to step aside to Rengasdengklok.

In 1943, Japanese Prime Minister Hideki Tojo invited the Indonesian leader Sukarno, Mohammad Hatta, and Ki Bagus Hadikoesoemo to Japan and received by Emperor Hirohito. Even the emperor gave imperial star (Holy Ratna) for the three Indonesian leaders. The awarding of the star makes the Japanese occupation government was surprised, because it means that the three Indonesian leaders was considered the Japanese imperial family itself. In August 1945, he was invited by Marshal Terauchi, the Army leadership in the Southeast Asian region Dalat Vietnam who later stated that the proclamation of Indonesian independence is a matter for the Indonesian people. But his involvement in the organization of agencies established by the Japanese to make Sukarno was accused by the Netherlands in collaboration with Japan, among others, in the case of romusha.

3. Revolutionary War period

Soekarno with national figures begin to prepare themselves before the proclamation of independence of the Republic of Indonesia. After hearing Investigation Agency Business BPUPKI Preparation of Indonesian Independence, Small Committee consisting of eight people (official), Small Committee consisting of nine / nine committee (which produces the Jakarta Charter) and the Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence PPKI, Soekarno-Hatta Indonesia State founded based on Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution.

After seeing Marshal Terauchi in Dalat, Vietnam, Rengasdengklok events happened on the date August 16, 1945; Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta were persuaded by the youth to go away to boarding troops Map Rengasdengklok Defenders of the Homeland. Youth leaders who persuaded among others Soekarni, Wikana, Singgih and Chairul Saleh. The youths demanded that Sukarno and Hatta proclaimed Indonesian independence immediately, because in Indonesia happened vacuum of power. This is because the Japanese had surrendered and Allied troops had not arrived. But Sukarno, Hatta and the figure declined on the grounds waiting for clarity about the Japanese surrender. Another reason is that developing the right moment to Soekarno establish the independence of the Republic of Indonesia which is chosen on August 17, 1945 when it coincided with Ramadan, the Muslim holy month which is believed to be the first month of the revelation of the Muslims to the Prophet Muhammad, Al Qur-an. On 18 August 1945, Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta PPKI be appointed by the President and Vice President of the Republic of Indonesia. On August 29, 1945 on the appointment of a president and vice-president confirmed by KNIP. On 19 September 1945 at Soekarno authority to settle without bloodshed Ikada Field event where 200,000 people of Jakarta will clash with Japanese troops were still armed to the teeth.

On arrival Allies (AFNEI) led by Lieutenant General. Sir Philip Christison, Christison finally recognized Indonesian sovereignty de facto, after a meeting with President Soekarno. President Soekarno also try to resolve the crisis in Surabaya. However, due to provocation launched by troops NICA (Netherlands) to hitchhike Allies (under the British), burst events 10 November 1945 in Surabaya and the death of Brigadier General AWS Mallaby. Because many provocations in Jakarta at the time, President Sukarno eventually move the capital of the Republic of Indonesia from Jakarta to Yogyakarta. Followed by the vice president and other senior state officials.

Position of President Soekarno in 1945 is the position of the President as head of government and head of state (presidential / single executive). During the revolution, the system of government changed to semipresidensiil / double executive. President Sukarno as head of state and Syahrir as Prime Minister / Head of Government. It happened because of the vice president's edict No. X, and the government announcement in November 1945 of a political party. It is taken to the Republic of Indonesia is considered a more democratic country.

Although the system of government changed, at the time of the revolution, the position of President Sukarno remains the most important, especially in the face of the Madiun Affair in 1948 and when the Dutch Military Aggression II that led to President Soekarno, Vice President Mohammad Hatta and several senior government officials detained the Netherlands. Although existing Emergency Government of the Republic of Indonesia (Emergency Government) with the chairman Sjafruddin Prawiranegara, but in fact the international and domestic situation still acknowledge that Soekarno-Hatta is the real leader of Indonesia, only policies that can resolve the dispute between Indonesia and the Netherlands.

4. Indonesian Independence period

After Sovereignty Recognition (Government of the Netherlands mentioned as delivery Sovereignty), President Sukarno was appointed as the President of the Republic of Indonesia (RIS) and Mohammad Hatta was appointed as prime minister of RIS. Office of President of the Republic of Indonesia submitted to Mr. Assaat, which became known as the Java-Yogyakarta Indonesia. However, due to the demands of the people of Indonesia who want to return to the unity of the country, then on August 17, 1950, RIS again changed to the Republic of Indonesia and President Sukarno became President. Mr Assaat mandate as acting President handed back to Ir. Sukarno. Official position of President Sukarno was president of the constitutional, but in fact government policy after consulting him.

Soekarno-Hatta Duet myth is quite popular and more powerful among the people compared to the prime minister head of government. Rise and fall of the cabinet which is famous as "fledgling cabinet" led President Soekarno less trusting multiparty system, even calling it a "disease of the party". Not infrequently, he also intervene to mediate conflicts within the military which also affected the rise and fall of the cabinet. October 17, 1952 such events and events in the Air Force. Sukarno and John F. Kennedy

President Soekarno also provides many ideas in the international world. Concern over the fate of the peoples of Asia and Africa, still not independent, yet have the right to self-determination, causing the president Sukarno, in 1955, took the initiative to hold the Asian-African Conference in Bandung, which produced Dasa Sila. Known as the Bandung Asian-African Capital. Inequality and conflict due to a "time bomb" that left the western countries are still concerned that branded imperialism and colonialism, inequality and fears of the emergence of a nuclear war that changed civilization, injustice international agencies in conflict resolution is also a concern. With President Josip Broz Tito (Yugoslavia), Gamal Abdel Nasser (Egypt), Mohammad Ali Jinnah (Pakistan), U Nu, (Burma) and Jawaharlal Nehru (India) he held Asian-African Conference that led to the Non-Aligned Movement. Thanks to the services, many Asian and African countries that gained independence. But unfortunately, there are still many who experience prolonged conflict until today because of the injustice in problem solving, which is still controlled by powerful states or superpowers. Thanks to this addition, many people from the African region will not be forgotten when Soekarno remember or know about Indonesia. To carry out an independent foreign policy-active in the international world, President Sukarno visited many countries and met with leaders of the country. Among them was Nikita Khrushchev (Soviet Union), John Fitzgerald Kennedy (United States), Fidel Castro (Cuba), Mao Tse Tung (PRC).

End of Life Biography of President Sukarno

Soekarno health has begun to decline since August 1965. [26] Previously, he was declared suffering from kidney problems and had undergone treatment in Vienna, Austria in 1961 and 1964. [26] Prof. Dr.. K. Fellinger of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Vienna suggests that Sukarno left kidney removed, but he rejected it and prefer traditional medicine. He still survive for 5 years before finally died on Sunday, June 21, 1970 at Army Hospital (Central Army Hospital) Gatot Subroto, Jakarta with status as political prisoners. Soekarno's body was moved from the guesthouse to the Army Hospital Yasso owned by Ratna Sari Dewi. Stated before his death, a routine inspection of Sukarno was performed by Dr. Mahar Mardjono which is a member of the presidential medical team. Not long later issued a communiqué signed by the Chairman of the Medical Prof. Dr.. Mahar Mardjono along with Vice Chairman Major General Dr. (TNI AD) Rubiono Kertopati.

Although Sukarno had requested that he be buried in the Palace Slate, Bogor, but the government of President Soeharto chose Blitar, East Java, as the burial place of Sukarno. It was established by Presidential Decree No.. 44 in 1970. The bodies were taken to Blitar Soekarno day after his death and was buried the next day next to her mother's grave. Soekarno funeral led by armed forces commander Gen. M. Panggabean as inspector of the ceremony. The government then set a seven-day mourning period.

History of BEMO in Indonesian

Bemo is short for "motor tricycles" and is a three-wheeled motor vehicle which is typically used as public transport in Indonesia. The minibus was adopted in Indonesia in early 1962, first in Jakarta in connection with Ganefo.

Later minibus presence is intended to replace rickshaws. However, this plan did not succeed because of the presence of minibus is not supported by a mature plan. Bemo is not only present in Jakarta, but also in other cities such as Bogor, Bandung, Surabaya, Malang, Padang, Denpasar, etc.. because these vehicles are very practical and able to reach the narrow streets, and can run much faster than rickshaws.

Minibus fleet that still operate in some areas of Jakarta

Bemo which initially operated as a taxi, later restricted area of ​​operation in certain routes only, and finally removed to thin these routes had been left untouched by city bus. In Jakarta, minibus started removed in 1971, followed by Surabaya and Malang in the same year. In 1979, the Regional Government of Surakarta take similar steps.

In their home country, Japan, is said minibus is not intended to be used as human transport, but as freight. As a result, when paired seating, room available was actually very narrow. Moreover, usually minibus used to transport at least 8 passengers, six in the back, two in front, including the driver. Because the passengers in the back of the knee often have to compete, sitting overcrowding. But consequently, minibus ride can cause its own sweet memories, especially for those who met his soul mate in the minibus.

When plant in Japan, the home of minibus, no longer produce spare parts, minibus in Indonesia is still able to survive because there are many workshops that are able to make this tiruannya.Saat minibus spares already eliminated many of the city transportation programs because they are too old, not safe again and smoke cause pollution. But in many places minibus still able to survive and indelible.

Original Japanese Bemo

Daihatsu Midget is a three-wheeled vehicle (one in front, two in back) that had produced the Japanese automaker Daihatsu. This small-sized vehicle that is named "midget" (dwarf). In Indonesia, Daihatsu Daihatsu Midget is the first production vehicle coming into the domestic automotive market.

In urban Indonesia, Daihatsu Midget generally more familiar with the title "BEMO". Daihatsu was once popular as a manufacturer of small three-wheeled trucks. After Toyota issued a four-wheeler in 1954 (later popular as Toyoace), the demand for three-wheeled truck Daihatsu continued to decline. Daihatsu then developed a three-wheeled vehicle that may be driven by the time the SIM holder compact cars in Japan. The result is the Daihatsu Midget which began to be marketed in 1957. Viewers apparently liked the ad Daihatsu Midget on Japanese television comedy starring Kon Omura and Midget sells.

DK Model

DK models go on sale August 1, 1957. Steering handlebar shaped like a motorcycle. The driver's cabin and cargo space has a roof of canvas.

Specifications:

• No driver's cabin door.
• Overall length: 2,540 mm
• Overall width: 1,200 mm
• Overall height: 1,500 mm
• 1 person maximum passenger. ZA type engine, two stroke, fan systems, cylinder capacity of 250 cc, petrol fuel. The maximum power of 10 horsepower. The maximum speed of 65 km / h (specification of the catalog). Maximum payload of 300 kg, 350 kg empty weight. Variations of the model based on the model DK: DKA (early models), DKII, DSV (the back is made boxes), DSAP (capacity 2 seats).

Time Line

• 1960 - Daihatsu introduced the MP4 type coupled with an overall length of 20 cm in order to carry more payload.
• 1961 - Midget begin production in Pakistan with a production system disassembly.
• 1963 - Daihatsu introduced a type MP5 with extended cargo space is 10 cm, and a maximum of 350 kg payload. This type of interference is no longer using gasoline, but gasoline and oil are separated.
• 1972 - Production halted Midget with total cumulative production of 336 534 units, and half of that number were sold in Southeast Asia.
• 1996-2001 - Daihatsu producing four-wheel compact car called the Daihatsu Midget II