History of the Chinese state

China in whatever aspect has been the new post-Cold War world. Attention people of the earth on her. If we look at history, we will be able to understand, that the country's bamboo curtain has forged many upheavals in the past, heavy and threatening.

China is one of the oldest cultures in the world's history. From archaeological and anthropological discoveries, the area was inhabited by the Chinese since ancient humans 1.7 million years ago. Chinese civilization originated from the various city states along the Yellow River valley in the Neolithic era. China's written history began in the Shang Dynasty (ca. 1750 BC - 1045 BC).

History has proved that China is a nation-state are managed through various episodes of life, with a tragic ending and happy. Of a great nation, led by various dynasties, China had to pass first "period contempt" by European powers since the mid-19th century before finally "freed" by the communist forces under the leadership of Mao Zedong in 1949.

China in the Mao was China's' hate but misses "to both the United States and the Soviet Union - a foreign policy posture that led to China should isolate itself from the international community. Meanwhile, trouble of the people in the country peaked due Mao political adventure in the Great Leap Forward (1958-60) and the Cultural Revolution (1966-76).

China in the Mao is a socialist state in which the state plays a major role in economic development. In the industrial sector, for example, the government-owned companies produce more than 60 percent of the gross value of industrial production. In the urban sector, the government is the only agency authorized to set prices of key commodities, determine the distribution of investment funds, allocated energy resources, set wage labor, and control of financial policy and the banking system. Foreign trade system is also a monopoly of the government since the early 1950's.

Since Mao "went to Marx" in September 1976, China began to open itself and adopt open market reforms. Since 1978 the role of the central government under the leadership of Deng Xiaoping in regulating the dwindling economy, coupled with the growing role of both private companies and other market forces. As a result, China's economy shows an astonishing dynamism: between 1978 and 1995, China's contribution to world GDP increased from 5% to 10.9%. Although China is still relatively poor in the context of per capita income, this result has fueled speculation about the future of China. In fact there are observers who say that the success of China to not be sucked into the waves of the Asian economic crisis, the Chinese economy is expected to be able to match the United States in about 2015.

China enters the 21st century with the remnants of socialist ideology in one leg and endeavor to be one of world power other leg. If during Mao ruled China still apply autocratic rules, excessive cult figure heads of state, the rigid orthodoxy and isolationism, it is in the era of the 1990s and beginning of the 21st century is the Chinese government is faced with a much more educated population and could articulate themselves.

China's communist revolution that was adored (which is closely related to working-class radicalism, egalitarianism, and hostile alisme imperi-West) has been replaced by a modernized China, with an integrated capitalist industrial economy to the world, the application of the concept of democracy, and human resource development through the education system advanced. This is evidence of rejection in the name of modernization or revolution, in other words, the rejection of socialism in the name of capitalism.

The transition from a centralized socialist economy towards a free market economy is making the most of the living standard of the Chinese people has improved. It is therefore not surprising that prosperity is no longer a luxury item in China. Economic boom has brought great progress in living standards most urban Chinese. Although China is not necessarily soon will be free and open society, but restrictions on pop culture and other harmful things from the West have started deducting three quarter capitalism has further evidence that the stick nails in China.

The transition was also raises acute issues that must be addressed immediately. Kenneth Lieberthal, a sinolog from the University of Michigan, make a list of five tergawat problems facing China today: (1) reduction in the degree of environmental quality, (2) unemployment, (3) separatist conflicts that lead to disintegration, (4) China's participation in the WTO, and (5) the endemic corruption.

With regard to the latter issue, China realized that a political and social environment that is stable is a necessity for maintaining a healthy economic development, including the fight against corruption. This is why the Chinese government since the beginning of the reform has been committed to making economic development as the primary task and with it also struggling against corruption to ensure stability and promote reform and development.

Given the importance of China today in many fields, it is no exaggeration when it is stated that we need to look at how the development of culture and history to be as current as a valuable reflection. This book complements the history of China in Indonesian paper titled China's Nio Joe Lan Sepandjang Century. At least this work will facilitate sinologi scholars and the general public in the study of Chinese history.