History of Garuda Indonesia

As we all know that the airline Garuda Indonesia is the pride of the nation of Indonesia. Services have many services that he gave to the Indonesian nation. As to whether history to be the name of Indonesia's nation .Let's look at the history of airline Garuda Indonesia below.

DC-3 aircraft Garuda Indonesia

Garuda is a joint venture between the Government of Indonesia with the Dutch airline Koninklijke Luchtvaart Maatschappij (KLM). At first, the Government of Indonesia has a 51% stake and during the first 10 years, the company is managed by KLM. Because of nationalist coercion, KLM sold part of its stake in 1954 to the Indonesian government.

Many Burmese government helped the airline carrier at the beginning of this period. Therefore, when the airline inaugurated as the company on March 31, 1950, the Burmese government donated a Garuda DC-3 aircraft. At first, Garuda had 27 aircraft, educated staff, airports and flight schedules, as a continuation of KNILM. This is very different from other pioneering companies in Asia.

DC-3 aircraft cockpit

In 1953, the airline has 46 aircraft, but in 1955, they must retire Catalina aircraft. In 1956 they made the first flight path to Mecca. 1960s is when the airline rapid progress. 1965 Garuda gets two new aircraft are jet aircraft turboprop Convair 990 and Lockheed L-118 Electra. In 1961 it opened the path to Kai Tak International Airport in Hong Kong and in 1965 came the era of the jet, the DC-8 flight they make a point to Schiphol Airport in Amsterdam, Netherlands, Europe.

1970s Garuda took a small Jet DC-9 and Fokker F28 when the F28 Garuda had 36 aircraft and is the largest aircraft carrier in the world for this type of aircraft, while in the 1980s adopted the device of Airbus, such as the A300. As well as Boeing 737, McDonnell Douglas MD-also 11. In 1990, Garuda had some misfortune, and the airline is experiencing difficult economic period. However, in the 2000s the airline has been able to overcome the problems in the economy and in good condition.

Name Origin of Garuda Indonesia

On December 25, 1949, representatives of KLM is also a friend of President Soekarno, namely Dr. Konijnenburg, facing and report to the President in Yogyakarta that KLM interinsulair Bedrijf will be submitted to the government in accordance with the results of Round Table Conference (RTC) and ask him to give a name for the company because the plane that would take him from Yogyakarta to Jakarta will be painted according to the name it .

In response, President Sukarno responded by quoting a line from a poem Dutch spin-poet famous, Raden Mas Noto Soeroto in colonial times, ie Ik ben Garuda, Vishnoe's vogel, die zijn Vleugels uitslaat hoog boven uw Eilanden which means I'm a Garuda, Vishnu's bird spread its wings towering. Then on December 28, 1949, occurred the historic flight of the DC-3, registered PK-DPD-owned KLM flight carrying interinsulair Yogyakarta to President Sukarno of Kemayoran - Jakarta for his inauguration as President of the Republic of Indonesia (RIS) with a new logo, Garuda Indonesian Airways, the name given to the company's President Sukarno's first flight.

Began in June 2009, Garuda Indonesia has been using the new livery on a few planes that are on the latest Airbus A330-200 with registration PK-GPH, PK-GPI, PK-GPJ and PK-GPK, 6 pieces of the Airbus A330-300 with registration PK-GPA , PK-GPC, PK-GPD, PK-GPE, PK-PK-GPF and GPG, 1 Boeing 737-300 with registration PK-GHX, 4 Boeing 737-500 with registration PK-GGC, PK-GGD, PK -GGE, PK-GGF, Boeing 747-400 PK-2 and PK-GSG GSI, as well as 19 units of Boeing 737-800 with registration The aircraft has been updated several exterior appearance with new livery for Garuda Indonesia airline refreshing appearance.

Garuda Indonesia aircraft cabin is also equipped with a new PTV [Personal Television] including AVOD [Audio Video On Demand] on every seat, 11-inch to 8-inch business class and economy class. The blue color is dominant on the long seat aircraft also changed. Maroon red color used on business-class seats, while the combination of dark brown color with light brown used on economy class seats.

History of Lion Air in Indonesia

History of Lion Air domestic flight originated from the small. After 13 years of experience in the tourist business which is marked by the success of Lion Tours travel agency, brothers and Rusdi Kirana Kusnan determined to make their dream of owning a business flight become a reality. Equipped with high ambitions and an initial capital of 10 million U.S. dollars, Lion Air is legally established in October 1999 and started a new history in the world of commercial flight. But the operation has been running at start on June 30, 2000. Currently, Rusdi Kirana as one of the owners of Lion Air held the position as President and Director.

Based on the history of water lion we know that until mid-2005, along with other international airlines, Lion Air Terminal Two Sukarno-Hatta Airport, while local airline or domestic flights occupy Terminal One. These factors, in addition to providing the convenience of passengers connecting flights to Indonesia or from Indonesia to other international destinations, also giving more advantages in terms of prestige. Lion Air but then moved to Terminal One, until today.

In 2005, Lion Air has 24 aircraft flight consisting of 19 MD80 series aircraft and five DHC-8-301. To meet the low-cost services, fleet dominated by Lion Air MD80 for efficiency and comfort. In an effort to rejuvenate its fleet, Lion Air has ordered 60 Boeing 737-900ER that will be transferred gradually from 2007 to 2010. In June 2008, Lion water will turn into full-service. Lion Water also plans to compete favorably with the eagle and saudi arabia water to fly these routes Umrah pilgrimage even with 777 aircraft.

History lion water also noted that in 2011 the lion water will announce the book as much as 201 Boeing 737 MAX aircraft and as many as 29 Boeing 737-900ER aircraft. The airline currently has a lot of water lion route service flights even for a single service flights can reach 3 to 5 times a day flight. Branches and ticket sales lion water has now spread almost throughout the corners of Indonesia, we expect in addition to providing cheap and affordable ticket prices, lion water can also provide service and safety for passengers when traveling air using water lion.

History of Tablet PC in the World

Now this who is not familiar Tablet PC, this latest gadget is a trend among gadget freak and even the general public. Tablet PC is a laptop or portable computer shaped book. Having a touch screen or digital tablet technology that enables computer users to use a stylus or digital pen than a keyboard or computer mouse. The term was popularized by Microsoft in 2001, but tablet PCs now refer to any tablet-sized personal computer, even if you are not using Windows but another PC operating system. Tablets may use virtual keyboards and handwriting recognition for text input through the touchscreen.

The idea of ​​tablet computers is not new. Tablet history began in 1968, a computer scientist named Alan Kay noted that with advances in flat-panel display technology, user interface, miniaturization of computer components and some experimental work in WiFi technology. Alan Kay is not one - only because it previously had many names - big names who have contributed to the process of invention and perfected until now. The next tablet history, in 1972, he published a paper on the device and called it a "Dynabook". Sketch of the Dynabook showed a very similar device to the tablet computers that we have today, with some exceptions. On the Dynabook, both screen and keyboard * all * on the same plane. But Kay's vision even further. He estimates that with the right touch screen technology, you can display the virtual keyboard, the configuration on the screen itself.

Kay leading at that time. History proves that the tablet takes almost four decades before the tablet is similar to what he imagined taking public heart. But that does not mean there is no market for tablet computers in the fourth decade and the Dynabook concept in addition to the famous Apple iPad. Tablet first appeared on the market is GRiDPad. First produced in 1989, GRiDPad including monochromatic capacitance touch screen and stylus cables. Weighing just under 2.26 pounds. Compared to today's tablets, GRiDPad was large and heavy, with short battery life that lasts only three hours. And the people behind it are GRiDPad Jeff Hawkins, who later founded the Palm. Then there are also other pen-based tablet computers, but he did not receive much support from the community.

Apple was the first to enter the field with Newton tablet, a device that receives the amount of love and ridicule over the years. Most of the criticism of Newton focuses on handwriting recognition software. Until finally peaks tablet history began when Steve Jobs revealed the iPad first to market, and to assure the market that the tablet computer can be a viable consumer product. Currently, companies such as Apple, Google, Microsoft and HP are trying to predict consumer needs, while designing the next generation of tablet devices. The discovery of the tablet pc is a refinement and development of existing computer technology. Then is never mentioned specifically who find it.

History of Pens

Ballpoint pen or a pen or starting vulve (Dutch language) which means stationery. a sharp-pointed pen which has a grip that contains the ink bag can be filled again. Water-based ink with a pen filled through the eyes of a vacuum mechanism that includes a bottle of ink from the ink into the ink room. Unlike the pen, fountain pen does not need to be pressed when writing. The ink flows from the ink to the nib room with the help of capillarity and gravity. First time fountain pen / pen / ballpoint ink bag comes with a shape derived from the 10th century AD At 953, the caliph al-Mu'izz Ma'ād of Egyptians want a pen that does not contaminate the hands and clothes with ink. He was given a pen that has ink storage, and the ink flows into the pen with the help of capillarity and gravity.

In 1696 serorang German nationality, Daniel Schwenter make pen with feather edge and On May 25, 1827, inventor Romania, Petrache Poenaru received a French patent for his creation in the first pen with a cartridge that can be replaced. Design allows the pen to write smoothly without spilling ink or torn paper. Since the 1850s, numerous patents filed related to the pen, and the pen production continues to increase. However, a new fountain pen writing instruments are popular after the discovery of gold nib iridium tipped, hard rubber, and ink flowing smoothly.

In 1880 s / d 1920 Waterman fountain pen brands, the production of the United States dominate the market share and Wirt pens origin Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania finished second. At that time, most of the pen filled with ink holder opening section, and dripping ink into the ink room using eye dropper (pipette). How to fill inks are hard and sloppy. In addition, the ink leaked into the cap or on the connection with the ink room. Once the materials are suitable for making pens have been found, the remaining problem is the ink charging system that is simple, easy, and leakage.

A pen that can be filled without having to open the ink found room around the beginning of the 20th century, partly thanks to the discovery of A. A. Waterman, Walter A. Sheaffer and Parker. In Europe, the German supplier known as Pelikan, introduced their first fountain pen in 1929. Pelikan previously bought the patent for a pen with solid ink factory Slavoljub Penkala from Croatia (patented in 1907 and begin mass production since 1911), and patent ink filler piston models of Theodor Kovacs Hungarian origin.

Pens began to be produced in a variety of colors and models after Celluloid gradually replaced rubber as a material pen holder. Parker Duofold and Vacumatic from, as well as Pelikan 100 pens are models that were popular in the days between World War I and World War II. Although already found a pen, a pen is still very popular between the 1940s and 1950s. Still expensive pens, and ink still leaking or jammed, while ink technology is mature and mass produced. The models were popular in the 1950s are Parker 51, Sheaffer Snorkel from, and from the Eversharp Skyline.

In the 1960s, the technology is getting advanced pen and began to replace the pen for everyday use. Now, manufacturers are still holding pen, Pelikan terutamaMontblanc and further promote the collection of objects and a pen as a symbol of status rather than everyday stationery.

History of Rhoma Irama

In the seventies, Rhoma Irama has become famous singers and musicians after the band set up and downs in the music, ranging from band Gayhand 1963. Shortly thereafter, he moved in. orchestra Chandra Leka, until eventually formed his own band called Sonnet that since October 13, 1973 was hoisted. Sonnet with a group he leads, Rhoma recorded once gained 11 Golden Record of tapes.

Based on sales data tapes, and the number of spectators who starred in the films, fans Rhoma no less than 15 million or 10% of Indonesia's population. It records up to mid-1984. "There is no kind of cutting-edge art that has such a broad scope," wrote TEMPO magazine, June 30, 1984. Meanwhile, Rhoma himself said, "I'm afraid of publication. Apparently, I was dragged away."

Rhoma Irama is counted as one of the most successful entertainers in the mass gathering. Rhoma Irama not only appear in the country but he has also performed in Kuala Lumpur, Singapore, and Brunei with nearly the same number of viewers when she performed in Indonesia. Rhoma Irama often in concert, the audience fainted due to crowding. People call music is music dangdut Rhoma, while he himself would prefer if the music is referred to as the Malay rhythm. Let us refer to the following detailed information about Rhoma Irama.

Biodata

Real Name: Raden Oma Irama

Name Beken: Rhoma Irama

Birth: Tasikmalaya, December 11, 1946

Dad: Raden Burdah Anggawirya

Mother: Tuti Juariah

Wife: Ricca Rachim (11 April 1959)

EDUCATION

* SD Kibono Manggarai Jakarta

* SMP Negeri Jakarta XV

* SMA VIII Jakarta (to grade II)

* SMA PSKD Jakarta

* St Joseph Solo

* High School August 17 Tebet Jakarta

* Faculty STIR University August 17

ALBUM

* Wandering (1978)

* Dollar (1978)

* Staying up (1978)

* Human Rights (1977)

* Oma Irama Old Guitar (1977)

* Joget (1975)

* To Bina Ria (1974)

Filmography

* Oma Irama Curious (1976)

* Oma Irama Old Guitar (1977)

* Young Blood (1977)

* Rhoma Irama Wandering I (1978)

* Wandering Rhoma Irama II (1978)

* Staying up (1978)

* King of Dangdut (1978)

* Love Triangle (1979)

* Camelia (1979)

* Struggle and Prayer (1980)

* Melody Love Rhoma Irama (1980)

* Earlier Happy Hurricane (1981)

* Devotion (1984)

* Glimpses of Love at Orange Sky (1985)

* Reaching the Sun I (1986)

* Reaching the Sun II (1986)

* The tones Rindu (1987)

* Flower Village (1988)

* Jaka Swara (1990)

* Tone and Propagation (1991)

* Takbir Blue (1993)

Address: Jalan Pondok Jaya VI/14, Prapatan Mampang, South Jakarta

BIOGRAPHY

In the 1970s, Rhoma already become a singer and musician in the band's music, ranging from band Gayhand 1963. Shortly thereafter, he moved in. orchestra Chandra Leka, until eventually formed his own band called Sonnet group since October 13, 1973. Sonnet group together, Rhoma recorded once gained 11 Golden Record of tapes. On October 13, 1973, Rhoma proclaimed the motto "Voice of Moslem" (Muslim Voice) which aims to be a reformer agent Malay music that combines elements of rock music in the Malay music and improvise upon arrangements, poems, lyrics, costumes and performances on stage.

Rhoma also active in politics. During the New Order, he had become an important figure in the PPP, then moved to Golkar, and was elected a member of Parliament from the constituency in the 1997 general election Jakarta. In the 2004 election, Rhoma Irama also appear on stage MCC campaign. Rhoma Irama is known as a preacher and Muslim preacher and became chairman of the Muslim Forum (FUI), a religious organization that does not favor any party.

His success in the world of music and acting world had set up a company to make Rhoma Irama Rhoma Film Productions movie that succeeded in producing the film among Struggle and Prayer (1980) and Love Twins (1984). Now, Rhoma commonly called Bang Haji, much to fill his time with both through music and preaching sermons on television up to the archipelago. With his unique style and spirit, Rhoma together as a group Sonetanya Sound of actively expanding Moslem religious symbols.