History of the Penataran Temple in Indonesia

Penataran temple is one of the historical relics of the temple which is very fascinating when viewed from the side of beauty and culture. Upgrading is the enshrinement of the temple complex is the largest in East Java . Based on the Department of Antiquities know 1914-1915 report number 2045 and Verbeek record number 563 , Temple kekunaan Upgrading a building consisting of multiple clusters of so -called complex enshrinement . The location of the temple is located in the southwestern slopes of Mount Kelud at an altitude of 450 meters above sea level , the village Upgrading , Nglegok Subdistrict , Blitar .

Penataran temple discovered in 1815 , but until 1850 had not been known. The inventor was Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles (1781-1826) , Governor -General of the British colonial power ever in the archipelago . Since the collapse of the Majapahit kingdom which was followed by the introduction of Islam , many sacred buildings associated with the Hindu and Buddhist communities simply abandoned by its adherents . Long sacred buildings are no longer used the forgotten people because most people have changed the trust . As a result, the building became derelict no longer take care of it , eventually buried in landslides and bush scrub . But over time , the temple complex that formerly had neglected Upgrading now starting to get the attention of the government . So for the time being has become the temple complex as a beautiful tourist destination and attractive .

Location the Temple Penataran

Penataran temple is the only temple largest in East Java . Upgrading location is situated in the village , subdistrict Nglegok , Blitar . Precisely in the southwestern slopes of Mount Kelud at an altitude of 450 meters above sea level . To arrive at the enshrinement location can be reached from the city center to the north of Blitar is to majors tomb Bung Karno . The distance between the city and up to an estimated 12 Km location . When taken from the town of Blitar , after reaching 10 km, after arriving at the village market Nglegok , then forwarded to the market Upgrading then turn left toward enshrinement . Upgrading from market junction up to the location just a 300 meter . For visitors coming from Malang can be reached via a T-junction and then turn right Garum village as far as approximately 5 Km 've arrived at the location of enshrinement .

The number of visitors of the temple Upgrading is high . According to the average number of visitors in a month to reach about 20,000 to 25,000 people . That is a considerable amount when compared to the other temple visitors . Every tourist as required to stop by the temple Upgrading and it is not valid if it traveled to East Java without a stop at the temple Upgrading. Those interested in kekunikan of the temple itself , which could be the object of shooting , a source of inspiration for artists and the land for the small traders for selling food or souvenirs vehicle care and tour guides to transportation agencies .

Penataran temple monuments including the dead ( dead monument ) means nothing to do anymore with the beliefs held today's society . The temple building no longer serves as a place of worship or as a place of meditation, but as a tourist . The pengnjung which comes in order to enjoy the art and culture of antiquity and science . Now 800 years have passed , the temple complex of Upgrading still standing in its original place with full of elegance and grandeur .

History of the Brahu Temple in Indonesia

Brahu is one of the temples that exist within the site Trowulan Majapahit Kingdom . Brahu existed before the reign of King Hayam Wuruk also estimated existing even before the time of King Brawijaya I. It could be argued that Brahu is the oldest temple in comparison to other temples in the area Trowulan site . Brahu established by MPU Sindok yet he is the king of the ancient Mataram kingdom in Central Java . It is described on the linked name Brahu thought to have originated from the word ' Wanaru ' or ' Warahu ' , which is the name of a sacred religious buildings mentioned in the copper inscription ' Alasantan ' found approximately 45 meters to the west of Brahu . This inscription was made in the year 861 Saka or , rather, 9 September 939 AD on the orders of King MPU Sindok of Kahuripan . Of narrative inscription was explained that Brahu period established by MPU Sindok temple is older than the other temples even older than the kingdom of Majapahit . At the time of the Majapahit Empire , Brahu used as a persembayangan or a sacred building that used to berdoa.Hal can be seen from the findings that were in the temple as some objects are often the tools of religious ceremonies such as ceremonial tools of metal .

According to some studies , Brahu expressed as Buddhist temples . This presumption arises because the temple stupa intensification Brahu has become characteristic for Buddhist temples . Besides the shape of Brahu more different than the other temples on the site Trowulan Majapahit Empire, body shape Brahu square indecisive but many angled , obtuse and notched . The middle part of her body curved into a waist like . Indentation is reinforced by the pattern of bricks on the west wall or front wall of the temple .

The roof of the temple is also not shaped prism -shaped or rectangular tiered , angular but many with a flat top , it gave rise to the notion that Brahu founded not in the kingdom of Majapahit , but the temple was built before the Majapahit Kingdom . In addition another assumption stating that Brahu a Buddhist temple is the discovery of some ancient objects . Around the temple complex Brahu 've found ancient objects , including ceremonial instrument of metal , jewelry and objects of gold , and metal statues where it shows the characteristic of Buddhism . Thus it can be concluded that the temple is a Buddhist temple Brahu .

History of the Rat Temple in Indonesia

Rat Temple is pertirtaan, made ​​of red stone , except fountains made ​​of stones. And building approximately 3.50 m below the ground surface , a square shape with a size of 22.5 mx 22.5 m . Named as the Rat Temple in 1914 in the area under attack Temon rat , so that residents have problems and crop failure . Then the public deliberation of how to overcome the rat . Then hold a public consensus pegejaran and nest excavation tikis mass . So that each nest to be excavated , the excavation there ternyta slah the findings terminatur temple , which at that time this location is where the tomb mound and local people .

Then the temple terminatur findings reported to the regents mojokerto named R. A. Kromodjojo Adinegoro . The permission of the archaeological department at that time was called Oudheldkundige dients . Excavations reveal the whole building was completed in 1916 , the establishment of which is estimated at VIII to XIV century . However , the function of the temple is not known for certain , by looking at the shape is a sacred bathing . The composition of the temple mountain symbolizing Mahameru dwelling place of the gods and the source of all life that is realized in the form of a flowing water fountains located along the foot of the temple .

Rat Temple is located in Temon village , District Trowulan , Mojokerto . Rat Temple is pertirtaan buildings . It is evident from the miniature temple in the middle bangunanya symbolizing Mount Mahameru dwelling place of the gods and the source of all life that is realized in the form of a flowing water fountains / jaladwara found along the foot of the temple 

History of the Stone Age

Stone Age is a period when humans are the dominant tools made ​​of stone even though there are tools supporting human life is made ​​of wood or bamboo . But the tools are made ​​of wood or bone does not leave a mark at all . This is because these materials are not durable . In this age of the tools produced are still very rough ( simple ) just because subsistence only. Old stone age is expected to last approximately 600,000 years ago , during the Pleistocene ( diluvium ) . At the time of this paleolithikum , the tools they produce is still very rough .

Paleolithic or old stone age is called so because the tools manmade stone still roughly trimmed , honed or polished no . When viewed from the corner of his living this period is called period of hunting and gathering food simple level . Human support today is Pithecantropus Erectus , Homo Wajakensis , Meganthropus paleojavanicus and Homo Soloensis . These fossils are found along the river Bengawan Solo . They have a culture and Ngandong Pacitan . 

Culture Pacitan in 1935 , Von Koenigswald finding stone tools and axes handheld Pacitan area . How it works gripped by hand . The ax in the kingdom is still very rough manner . Experts call tool at the time by the name Paleolithikum chopper . This tool is found in the layer Sandpipers . Besides in Pacitan , the tools of this era found in the area Paleplithikum Progo and Gombong ( Central Java ) , Sukabumi ( West Java ) , and Lahat ( South Sumatra ) .

History of Television in the World

Television is no longer a luxury for most people in the world. Almost all homes have this one thing. Various TV stations broadcasting with various programs presented with the picture quality and sound are slick, making television as a source of all information, news, and entertainment that takes us all.

The beginning of the discovery of television would not be separated from the basic discovery, namely Electromagnetic Waves law discovered by Joseph Henry and Michael Faraday (1831) which is the beginning of the era of electronic communication. In 1873 a telegraph operator discovered that light affects the electrical resistance of selenium. He realized it could be used to convert light into electrical current using a photocell silenium (selenium photocell) Then a student named Paul Nipkow in Berlin, Germany in 1884 discovered a small metal disc rotating with holes in it and is referred to as embryo birth of television.

Around 1920 John Logie Baird and Charles Francis Jenkins using the work of Paul Nipkow disc to create a system in image capture, transmission, and reception. In 1923 Vladimir Zworykin Kozma, register a patent in his name for his invention, kinescope, the world's first television tubes. Zworykin openness to criticism, again making new discoveries ie a camera tube called iconoscope. He was later referred to as the inventor of television. (1889-1982).

ELECTRONIC

Electronic television rather stagnant development in those years, this was due to less mechanical television and hardiness. Until Kosmo Vladimir Zworykin and Philo T. Farnsworth managed to find electronic TV. Both Farnsworth, and Zworykin, working separately, and both succeeded in making progress for a TV commercial with a very affordable cost.

In 1935, they began to broadcast using a fully electronic system. But unfortunately at that time all the people can only see it in black and white format. In those days the TV screen size is only about three to eight inches so the competition mechanics and electronics are not so real.

Decades later to the beginning of the 21st century, people are used to talking on a mobile phone and digital sending e-mail through the computer network world, but television technology at its core remains the same.

Of course there are a few developments such as stereo sound and a better color, but there is a big leap that is able to shake up our perceptions of television.

History of Sule a Comedy from Indonesia

Sule name would've been no stranger to your world of entertainment especially comedy lovers in Indonesia. Almost every day we see kocaknya action on the television screen. But not all people know how to fight this to the owner of the name Sutisna could become famous like now. Sule income in a month to reach Rp1 billion to acquire details of Rp20 million to Rp40 million once appeared in Opera Van Java.

Want to know Sule Brief History of Life? Will share the history of the collection of detailed information which you can read below. Since I was sitting in 3rd grade, Sule has often appeared in stage seventeen Agustusan, to dance. "Since the age of five years if I hear music jaipongan default always dancing. I'm happy to dance, "said long-haired man and the blonde.

Because that's the happy dance, parents finally enroll in studio Kandaga. "From there I so often can be a champion. Not only in West Java, but also to Jakarta, "said the man born in Cimahi who has the dream of being the news anchor. As with Oni, a friend of the group, Sule also been used to make money since childhood. To learn affairs, it turns out most lazy joy. Hoby Sule was a stop dancing in junior high school. New grow again when entering the ISMS

Sule admitted after struggling for years, since junior high school, only now sipping a result. He used to live in a rented tenement. "In the past, boro-boro to buy clothes, eat the same home pay just had to borrow from the neighbors," he said. Life felt concerned had long blond man. Her parents were merchants meatballs in Cimahi, in the evening a small Sule help sell corn on the cob around the complex. Sule married to Lina (32), 1997. Because of droll uncertain income, they trade and sell kebaya fried chicken. "She earns only Rp 20,000 a day. Shopping vegetables, some rice, soap, and for snacks kids, not enough, "he said.

Sule new shining star when he and two friends, Ogi Suwarna and Obin Wahyudin auditioned buffoonery API (Academy Comedian Indonesia) in TPI. A year later, Sule won Superstar Show, an event in the celebrity duet Indosiar, and the right to bring home a car. Peak when he starred OVJ.

Strong character he comedian

Sule appears as a multi-talented comedian through a TV show (reality-show) SuperStar Show which aired Indosiar, about 2 years ago. In the event a singing contest in pairs such, Sule eventual champion. At that time he was a duet with Jaja. Unique character, multy-talented, and humorous duet Sule-Jaja made easily liked and known to viewers of the show SuperStar. Proved later. Counted since the event after winning SuperStar, Sule began appearing frequently on television (TV). Of a presenter (MC), talk show guest star, musical performers, to be a comedian / comedian like today.

Tv shows are popularizing Sule

From the realm of comedy, Sutisna name alias Sule this year ruled the television. In addition to performing at comedy shows Opera Van Java (OVJ) in Trans 7, Sule also guides showBigShow reality in TPI. If not set, Sule fill a variety of events off the water. Special for 2009. Job received in the entertainment world Indonesia is quite a lot. You are often watching TV at night may already be familiar with the funny looks and behavior. Tv show is arguably popularized Sule (besides SuperStar) is OKB, Opera Van Java, and Awas There Sule. The first two aired in Trans7. While the latter (Caution There Sule) aired on Global Tv. If you are a fan of comedy shows or sitcoms, you'd have been quite familiar with the show's third.

Excess Sule

Sule did have talent alone makes it worth aligned with Tukul Arowana, Komeng, Eko Patrio, Parto, and Olga Syahputra who was named the Most Expensive Indonesian Comedian 5). That should be appreciated, not quite the comedian Sule also impromptu. He did start a career melawaknya of NOL Popularity is achieved today is not instantaneous, but thanks to the persistence and struggle. In addition to the unique talent that is indeed the Almighty bestowed him.

Like Komeng Sule has the ability spontaneity jokes classified as very responsive, fast, creative and good. In appearance on stage also got a hefty blocking ability. Sule peawak including one that has a strong character and unique funny. Sule presumably derived droll talent of his father, a traveling salesman meatballs. His father always membanyol and makes the buyers baksonya laugh. However Sule not start up stage with jokes, but as a music player. "But tell me why the audience even funny. Eh, even so comedy, "said Sule, who later founded the comedy group SOS with Ogi and Oni. After winning an audition droll in TPI, name Sule slowly skyrocketed. But only in the show Superstar Show, name Sule uphill until now. Although already very famous, Sule still harbored aspirations. He wants to go international, although could not speak English.

Simple Millionaire

Sule life is different now. Father of Rizki (12), daughter (8), and Rizwan (2), it has five houses in Bandung and Jakarta, two cars and two motorcycles. Although already wallowing in wealth, it was not all artists living luxuriously. Comedian Sule for example, who claim to want to always live bersahaja.Kini, father of three children being paid $ 4 million for one episode OVJ. By calculation 6 episodes every week, Sule pocketed more than Rp 90 million per month. Month of Ramadan to be the most favorable moment for Sule. OVJ aired twice a day. To show OVJ dawn, players get paid double. As a result, in a day Sule can collect Rp 12 million. That does not include fees presenter and so on. If calculated, more than USD 100 million into the account each month Sule.

Interestingly, immersed treasures make it glare. Drove the car every day shooting is still the same car he used four years ago, a Suzuki APV. For investment Sule prefer collecting home. Men who marry Lina 12 years ago has already had four homes in London who used his wife as a place of business. "I've had a salon, cafe, clothes shops and stores buying and selling mobile phones. Now we want to create music studio, "he continued. Men originator saying "prikitiw" was still at home occupies the former residence, a rented room in South Jakarta.

Like the children boarding, a number of relatively simple Sule belongings. Thin mattresses, 14-inch television, a place to drink gallons, and so forth decorate a dorm room. "It was a cave wall clock buy Rp 40 thousand," said Sule while. As a comedian, Sule there was no death. Yellow long-haired man was always joking and laughing it off. While on the set, he performs various stunts jail like surprising people, shaking the stairs, even the screenwriters throw into the pool. "Hahaha, here, here," Sule said as he tugged a film crew.

Solider Friend

The more famous, the thicker bags Sule. This income not only for his wife and children, but also to split her sisters. The second of four brothers also did not hesitate to help two friends who had both joined the comedy group SOS. In fact, according to Sule, not infrequently he secretly helped his Oni so it can fill an event at the television station. "Not only in the form of material aid, but also an opportunity for my friends to get into and engaged in a program. Thank God everything can happen. I also want to share the happiness to my friends, "he explained

History of Jade

Jade or jade stone is a kind of " green jewel " is one of a kind gemstone which consists of many elements of the mineral have been discovered and used by the east for thousands of years ago .

At this time many jade originating from Tibet region , China and Burma as an export commodity . Jade is also believed efficacious make peace , joy and health , safety .

Stone jewelry and health

Over the course of history after being discovered , jade has been known as an accessories and jewelry for thousands of years ago by human civilization . Even heralded as a " rock savior " even as the " stone of health " by tribes in East Asia and in Africa or America , including by the Mayans and Incas .

Even in today's medical world is also believed to improve health have also been used in human civilization thousands of years ago . It is widely noted in many ancient medical books and is recognized as a source of natural energy . In the medical world , this stone is widely used to improve blood circulation , anti-aging , improve immunity and eliminate fatigue . Jade is also widely used during CERAGEM massage therapy . Besides the investigation showed that jade contains many essential elements such as calcium , potassium , iron and magnesium .

Shapes and sizes

Jade being the most desirable stones in jewelry , medical and uniqueness that this stone also has a lot of models depending on when the stone was honed and shaped .

In its history , jade is the only type of gemstone that honed and shaped in many sizes and models . Honed and shaped jade ranging from the size of the table , a large sculpture to small sculptures , pendants , earrings , rings up of a small button . The shape is also varied , ranging from Buddha sculptures , statues of dragons and other sculptures , also shaped square, oval , oval , square three square up a lot . Besides the shape , the color of jade also varied , ranging from white , yellow , red to green the most popular .

History of Toxins

Toxins has been known since the time of Ancient. Hunted animals die from poison arrows smeared. Too many events, people die from poisoning. Even in Indonesia, human rights activist Munir also believed to have died of poisoning. How history poison? In English, the poisons are called toxins. The word is derived from the Greek term 'toxicon' which refers to poison arrows.

The early history of the poison, as written in wikipedia, is closely associated with myths and beliefs. 2500 BC, the Sumerians worshiped a goddess known toxin called sugar. a Greek mythology, there are few references on poisons, among which are kosah about Medea, granddaughter of Helios (the sun god). Medea wanted to kill her stepson, Theseus with wine toxin. but, the effort was thwarted by Aegeus, Medea husband. The oldest writings about the toxins found in Egypt and dates to the years around 3000 BC and documents about the poisonous plant research conducted by Menes, the king of Egypt.

In the history of Greece, the poison has been used as a so-called death penalty Country or State Poison Poison. One of the philosophers who ever put to death in this way is a Socrates. During the reign of the Roman Empire, poisoning at dinner time, especially among the upper classes became commonplace. [5] This is one way to get rid of family members who are not favored, as he had done by the 246-year Nero. in BC, Chinese developed a ritual drama called Chou, in which there are 5 kinds of ritual burning poison.

Entering the Middle Ages, in the year 8 AD, the toxin developed because Arab chemists managed to convert arsenic into powder which is odorless and tasteless so the detection of the toxin was difficult diketahui.Di that time, toxins commonly traded in pharmacies and obtained by the public with easy. A variety of academic texts about the poison was also written by the monks, one of which is The Book of Venoms (1424) by Magister Santes de Ardonis which contains toxins that are known at that time, the mechanism works, and how to cure.

In the 14th century and 15, Italian chemists trying to make poison stronger than ever and it spread from Italy to Paris.Usaha to restrict the sale of poisons made by Louis XIV in 1662 which introduced a rule banning pharmacies for selling toxic compounds, except to buyers who had registered their destination. In 1836 and 1841, Marsh and separately Riensch successfully developed a method for detecting arsenic so many people who commit crimes, especially murder by poison eventually be arrested. In the 20th century, the poison began to study to be used as a weapon. Also encourage the growth of the field of toxicology berkembangan control systems and the spread of toxic compounds. Not only in the archipelago, the use of poison has been widely applied to many centuries ago for a variety of purposes. Detikhealth revealed, some motive or purpose of use of toxins in the past include:

1. Get rid of opponents

In the Roman Empire, poison often used to kill political opponents, business competitors, or those who are considered dangerous. Because of the rampant practice of this dirty, poison scourge of the Roman Empire. And finally a dictator Lucius Cornelius reformers felt it needed a legal first in the world on a poison called Lex Cornelia.

2. Capital punishment

The use of injectable toxins for executions was implemented in some countries. The Greeks were the first to introduce the poison as a form of capital punishment. Ironically, Socrates was a great philosopher who undergo this execution. Unlike the death penalty in the modern era, Socrates 'requested' drank poison to end his life.

3. Motif Asmara

Suicide drinking poison insects because love is no longer a surprise. It could be the culprit inspired by the tragic story of Romeo and Juliet. Two lovebirds under the age of dying by drinking poison because her love was blessed each family.

4. Ritual

Since the period of 246 years before Christ, the Chinese have preserved the ritual drama called Chou. This ritual consists 6 using feather ceremonial dances accompanied by burning 5 types of toxins, which poison cinnabar or mercury, or arsenic realger, green vitriol or copper sulfate, lodestone and other toxins are not known.

5. Not Strong Bear the Shame or Defeat

In recorded history, narrated Queen Cleopatra of Egypt end his life by reaching into a nest of snakes poisonous. Cleopatra is the lover of Julius Caesar, the Roman leader. After Caesar died, he had a relationship with one of the later Roman leader, Mark Anthony.

Cleopatra accompany Anthony in battle in Greece. Unfortunately Anthony Roman defeat and went home to his country and then commit suicide. The Queen is also home to Egypt and followed her lover to the afterlife.

History Of Cartoon Movie

Before the cartoon known, there is only a cartoon. The word comes from the English cartoon cartoon or in Italian, cartoon which means heavy paper. Originally cartoon refers to the sense of drawing a plan, in the fine arts or cartoon is a rough sketch of the beginning of the canvas or on the walls of the building architectural ornament such as mosaic, glass and fresco (Marianto in Indarto, 1999:13). Arkeoleogis evidence has found a cartoon or caricature is found on the walls and flower vase in ancient Egypt and ancient Greece (Digest, January 1992).

The Renaissance period in the 16th century, Michaelangelo buo narotti fresco wear cartoon in working on the story of the creation of man is very well known and until now can be seen in the Sistine Chapel. (Marianto in Indarto, 1999:13). Leonardo da Vinci in his work entitled The Virgin and Child with St. Anne and St. John the Baptist, is a cartoon created by Leonardo da Vinci in the original meaning. A full-length cartoon drawn on paper as a study for further proceedings a artworks, such as paintings or tapestries. World-class collection of cartoons by Peter Paul Rubens for a large tapestry of a collection of John and Mable Ringling can be seen in the Museum of Art in Sarasota, Florida.

Cartoon, entitled Substance and Shadow by John Leech is an allusion prepared for the construction of fresco in the New Palace of Westminster (1843), and then created the modern sense of the word "cartoon" in the modern print media, a cartoon illustration usually aimed humor. Fresco himself is the art of drawing on glass with beautiful colors and illustrates a legend or myth in European society. This concept came into use from 1843 when a paper Punch applying the term to satirical drawings in one of its pages, particularly sketches made by John Leech. Beginning of a cartoon parody fresco seen in new historic palace of Westminster. The original title for the image created by the carpenters pencil (illustrator) Punch and new title "cartoon" meant for something that is ironic, with reference to the attitude of politicians enriching themselves from the west.

1900 editorial cartoonist, Sir David Law from New Zealand to make the character on himself "Colonel Blimp", the old reactionary military figure. Low began his career as a cartoonist in 1914 and in 1919, he moved to England. Associated with the development of the cartoons in chronological order, the period 1930-1940 is the popularity of comic books, whereas in 1935 to 1945 (post-World War II) represents the popularity of the comics humor.

Technical past in publishing the cartoons (before the development of printing and color separation) is the manual way in which cartoonists draw directly on top of the block box, after drawing can definitely pencil or pen, then carve carver fit line streaks. This process takes approximately 24 hours. The continued development of printing techniques cartoon creation process to be more effective and efficient especially after the development of digital techniques.

Along with the advancement of age innovations on hold cartoonists cartoons, which then led to cartoons. Early emergence of cartoons as cartoons cartoon drawings moves spearheaded by the shape of a horse which is produced from a photograph made by Edweard Muybridge in the 19th century. Simple picture is between comic strips and early animated movies. 'Cartoon' refers to the animation, where the term is a common thing in the next development.

Cartoons can be seen on television screens or in the cinema and was made by drawing illustrations are made as if it could move. The word cartoon (cartoon) is usually shortened to toon, it was popularized by the film starring Rogger Rabbit. Cartoons mostly into consumption program that includes children's fable, superhuman, adventure and cartoon theme type to another.

History of Aquarium

On this occasion yusro will share the history and benefits Aquarium. Friend before ever know all about the history of the aquarium or not anyone is interested but has not had time to have it, with a presence in our home aquarium is not only useful as a decoration, but there are other benefits behind it . Derived from the Ocean Aquarium and rium. Ocean derived from English, which means sea or ocean, while the word rium is a fragment of a word that means place an aquarium.

Based on the large Indonesian dictionaries, Aquarium is the place to maintain ornamental fish; Where Aquarium was similar to the one tangk ecosystem contains many components interact with each other so that the whole system running. Originally aquarium use began during the Romans and Egyptians, at the time put the fish in a container which will be aimed as a store of fresh fish supplies.

Selective breeding in China began about 2000 years ago. In the Song Dynasty in China, goldfish kept in the house began in large ceramic vessels (Boediono Mismail "Coral Reef Aquarium" UB Publisher Printing Press I, 2010).

At this time, Aquarium benefit right to decorate the room in which the presence of Aquariums can provide satisfaction and peace of mind as well as decorative home furnishings. Here are some benefits of aquariums in everyday life:

• Inspiring. because the aquarium in order to calm the mind with good people who see it, so that will increase the imagination and passion to create something.
• Optimizing hobby. In general, people keep the fish in a container in the aquarium hobby is because utilizing spare time or after doing the routine, but if in your field this hobby can provide income opportunities sideline.
• Regenerate naturally developed affection on us.
• Clear the mind, where the beauty of the aquarium with fish in it can neutralize the feeling that anything to do with health. Beauty and fish movement often gives away the main attraction capable of hearts and minds at peace.

Well from away to refresh our minds by going to a distant place and sometimes crowded we'd better set aside some money we are to have the aquarium, because then we can refresh our minds anytime without travel far away.

For yusro friends who are interested in having aquarium can find more information about the aquarium and ornamental fish in the market place nearby ornamental fish sales in the area around you, there is guaranteed we will get a lot of information about the aquarium and ornamental fish species. And friends all need to remember that life in the aquarium can provide valuable lessons that we still need a touch of nature to make life more beautiful and meaningful.

History Of Tom Cruise

Tom Cruise was born with the name Thomas Cruise Mapother IV was born in Syracuse, New York, son of Thomas Cruise Mapother III, an electrical engineer, and Mary Lee pfeiffer, a teacher. Cruise is English and German descent. When he was 12 years old, his parents divorced and he was with his mother and her three sisters left their father. Tom Cruise is an actor and film producer in the United States who was nominated an Academy Award, and won the award three times Golden Globe Award. He is also one of the most successful actors in Hollywood and began her acting career since the 1980s.

Cruise getting his first lead role in the movie Risky Business in 1983. Cruise is known through successful roles in various films such as Top Gun (1986), Mission: Impossible (1996) and the second sequel Mission: Impossible II (2000) and Mission: Impossible III (2006) Ethan Hunt, a secret agent. Cruise also played in successful films are Jerry Maguire Hollywood (1996), Vanilla Sky (2001), The Last Samurai (2003) and War of the Worlds (2005).

In 1990, 1991 and 1997 issue of People magazine crowned America Cruise as one of "The 50 Most Beautiful People in the World". In 1995, Empire magazine also named her as one of "the 100 Sexiest Stars in Film History". 2006 Cruise in Premiere magazine ranked the 13th as "Hollywood's Most Powerful Actor" and in the same year Forbes magazine named Cruise leading the top-ranked "The 100 Most Powerful Celebrities". Cruise entered the ranks of the top Hollywood actors highest paid.

Rogers on May 9, 1987 and divorced in February 1990. Both of them do not have children. Cruise later married an Australian top actress, Nicole Kidman, co-star in the film Days of Thunder, on December 24, 1990. Both have two children: Isabella Jane Cruise (born 1993) and Connor Antony Cruise (born 1995). But they divorced in February 2001 when Kidman was three months pregnant and had a miscarriage after that. Cruise also once dated actress bloody Spain, Penelope Cruz, but after 3 years together they split in 2004.

In April 2005 Cruise in a relationship with actress Katie Holmes and Cruise in June 2005 announced that it has applied for Holmes on the Eiffel Tower in Paris. On 18 April 2006 Holmes gave birth to their first daughter, Suri Cruise, at the hospital Saint John's Health Center in Santa Monica, California. The two later married on November 18, 2006 in Bracciano, Italy.

History of Life of Jackie Chan

A Brief History of Life-Make Jackie Chan action lovers name Jackie Chan certainly a familiar sound in your ear. Action kung fu martial  already established itself as the ranks of the world-famous actor. He gives color to the genre films he played with combining elements of humor in martial arts. For it was on this occasion I will tell you a little about Jackie Chan Brief History of Life for you all. Here's more information.

Jackie Chan

Jackie Chan was born in Hong Kong on 7 April 1954. His parents, Charles and Lee-Lee Chan is the Chinese civil war refugees. In his childhood, Chan received support from his parents. Jackie Chan, who has little name Chan Kong Sang, which means born in Hong Kong, spent his childhood in an elite neighborhood, District of Victoria Park. As a child, Chan earned the nickname Pao Pao which means the bullet boy. This naming is not without reason, because Chan as little known as a child who has a lively character.

Biography

Stage Name: Jackie Chan
Birth Name: Chan Kong Sang
Place, Date of Birth: Hong Kong, 7 April 1954
Occupation: Actor, Director, Producer, Martial Arts Choreographer, Singer

Early life

He learned martial arts from an early age and not many thought it was the best option for Jackie Chan in terms of discipline. At the beginning of his acting career, Jackie Chan is part of the Beijing Opera during the 10 years of her life, where she studied dance interpretation, continuous music and kung fu. He began little by little to play in the film while still being part of the Peking opera but it was only a secondary role, but he was the one who started his career well.

Career

Starting as a two-actor in two films of Bruce Lee, but the real opportunity came after the death of Bruce Lee and Jackie Chan get a chance to show his knowledge of martial arts and disciplines. At first only imitated Bruce Lee but he realized it was wrong. Mimic the martial arts master really could affect his career, then he tries to imitate not because he was looking for some originality and detail characteristics favorite actor. Successful career in Asia but when he wanted to introduce himself in the United States, it took skill to support the English fluency. At first he thought that so many of his films do not have success, so the movie is not sponsored in the U.S. (at the time). But in its development, it gradually gained popularity in the United States public.

Basically Opera

When Jackie was 7 years old his father worked as a head cook at the U.S. Embassy in Australia. Before leaving he took Jackie to the Peking Opera School. For 10 years she trained at the harsh rules of the game. He taught a variety of martial arts, acrobatics, singing, and acting. Subject matter at drama school for children is intended to prepare the boys into a life in China's famous Peking opera Opera. In the study period, Jackie first appeared at the age of 8 years in the Cantonese movie "Big and Little Wong Tin Bar" (1962).

Furthermore at the age of 10 years he had a role in "The Story of Qin Xianglian" (1964), two years back role in "Come Drink with Me" (1966) or what became known as the Big Drunken Hero. And before ending his education, he also appeared in "Master with kracked Fingers vs. Little Tiger From Canton (1971). All roles was done as a side job playing as extras or stunman in Hong Kong films.

At age 17, young Jackie graduated operas, unfortunately at that time (1970s period) opera is not popular anymore. Although already mastered the subject of opera, but it seems there is no more future in opera. It is precisely the one that the movie industry moving rapidly in Hong Kong.

Working odd jobs

Facing the reality that, Jackie Chan and contemporaries had hard work to find a job. It's quite difficult because for opera education, there is no learning to read and write. The only skill is the ability to work a stunt double. While, every year, a lot of films produced in Hong Kong. The film industry is always looking for "young leaf" to be involved as a stuntman. Jackie took this opportunity and register as a stuntman in many Hong Kong movies. He is a quick learner and is known as the youth who was never afraid. His reputation as a well-known stuntman film world. He dared to try different things and do the most dangerous scenes. From here he blended into the film world.

Reaping Success

When Hong Kong film industry doldrums, Jackie followed his parents to Australia. He works in a restaurant and so construction workers. But he does not like to live in Australia. When he gets a telegram from a man named Willie Chan, he then returned to Hong Kong and starred in the film "New Fist of Fury" (1976). But the real success of it when Jackie Chan was given the opportunity to participate in working on the script and the characters develop character.

Jackie contribution in working on the film proved fruitless. He gives color to the movie genre by combining elements of humor in martial arts. His first success proved through the film "Snake in the Eagle's Shadow" (1978). Followed by "Drunken Master" (1978). Then the first movie directed "Fearless Hyena" (1979) was really a great success. Hong Kong's success catapulted the name of Jackie Chan in the course of subsequent career to date. Just look at his performance in his new film Rob-B-Hood. Jackie condensed style looks so stunning!

Filmography

* Young Tiger (1973)
* Eagle Shadow Fist (1973)
* The meteors Killer (1976)
* Shaolin Wooden Men (1976)
* New Fist of Fury (1976)
* Countdown in Kung Fu (1976)
* To Kill With Intrigue (1977)
* Jackie Chan's 36 Crazy Fists (1977)
* The Magnicient Bodyguards (1978)
* Spiritual Kung Fu (1978)
* Snake in the Eagle's Shadow (1978)
* Snake and Crane Arts of Shaolin (1978)
* Half a Lot of Kung Fu (1978)
* Drunken Master (1978)
* The Fearless Hyena (1979)
* Dragon Fist (1979)
* The Young Master (1980)
* The Big Brawl (1980)
* The Cannonball Run (1981)
* Dragon Lord (1982)
* The Fearless Hyena II (1982)
* Winners and Sinners (1983)
* Wheels on Meals (1984)
* Jackie Chan's Crime Force (1984)
* Fantasy Mission Force (1984)
* Cannonball Run II (1984)
* The Protector (1985)
* Twinkle, Twinkle Lucky Stars (1985)
* Police Story (1985)
* Ninja Thunderbolt (1985)
* Heart of the Dragon (1985)
* Naughty Boys (1986)
* Project A II (1987)
* My Lucjy strass (1987)
* Police Story II (1988)
* Dragons Forever (1988)
* Miracles (1989)
* The Prisoner (1990)
* The Kid From Tibet (1991)
* Island on Fire (1991)
* The Best Of Martial Arts Films (1992)
* Supercop (1992)
* City Hunter (1992)
* The Armour of God (1994)
* Project A (1994)
* Once A Cop (1994)
* Crime Story (1994)
* Supercop (1996)
* Rumble In The Bronx (1996)
* Operation Condor (1997)
* Jackie Chan's Second Strike (1997)
* First Strike (1997)
* Gods (1998)
* The Operation Condor 2: The Armour of the Gods (1998)
* Who Am I? (1998)
* Rush Hour (1998)
* Mr. Nice Guy (1998)
* Hongkong Face Off (1998)
* Burn, Hollywood, Burn (1998)
* Twin Dragons (1999)
* Master of Disaster (1999)
* Jackie Chan's Project A (1999)
* Heikek Chi Wong (1999)
* Bolei Cheun (1999)
* The Legend of Drunken Master (2000)
* Shanghai Noon (2000)
* The accidential Spy (2001)
* Rush Hour 2 (2001)
* The Tuxedo (2002)
* The Medallion (2003)
* The Cin Gei Bin (2003)
* Snake in Eagle's Shadow 2 (2003)
* Shanghai Knights (2003)
* San Gingchat Gum (2004)
* Around the World in 80 Days (2004)
* Sen-Hua (2005)
* Legends of Martial Arts (2005)
* Come Drink With me (2005)
* Thunderbolt (2006)
* Bo Bui Ga Wak (2006)
* Rush Hour 3 (2007)
* The Forbidden Kingdom (2008)

History of Steam Engines

James Watt, the Scottish inventor who is often associated with the steam engine, the Industrial Revolution was a key figure. Actually, Watt was not the first to make the steam engine. Similar design composed also by Hero of Alexandria in early AD. In 1686 Thomas Savery make patents a steam engine used to pump water, and in the year 1712, an Englishman Thomas Newcomen, patents also make similar items with a more perfect version, but the creation of the Newcomen engine still low quality and less efficient, can only used to pump water from coal mines.

Watt became interested in the particulars of the steam engine in 1764 when he was fixing creation Newcomen engine. Although Watt only get a year of education as a tool builder, but he's got great talent creator. Improvements in machine-made has done to Newcomen so important, so it is worth consider actual creator Wattlah first practical steam engine.

Watt patented the first success in 1769 was the addition of a separate space that were reinforced. He also make insulating separator to prevent heat dissipation in the steam cylinder, and in 1782 he found the twin engines. With some minor improvements, this update increased efficiency resulted in a steam engine with a four-fold or more. In practice, the efficiency improvement is the result of an intelligence but is not so useful equipment, nor has exceptional usability judging from the corner of the industry.

Watt also found (in 1781) a set of serrations to change the engine so forth motion into rotating motion. This tool massively increase the use of steam engines. Watt also managed to create a circular motion controller automatic style (in 1788), which causes the engine speed can be automatically monitored. Also creates a pressure gauge (in 1790), speedo instrument, appliance instructions and vapor control equipment in addition to other repair equipment.

Watt himself had no business talent. However, in 1775 he did a fellowship with Matthew Boulton, an engineer, and an entrepreneur who deftly. For twenty-five years after that, the company Watt and Boulton to produce a large number of steam engines and both become rich.

It's hard to overstate the significance of the steam engine. Therefore, there are many other inventions which plays an important role encouraging the development of the Industrial Revolution. For example, the development of mining, metallurgy, and all kinds of machine tools. Lifeboats were sliding back and forth in a weaving machine (John Kay's invention in 1733), or the loom (the discovery of James Hargreaves in 1764) preceded the creation Watt all happen. The vast majority of these discoveries is simply a lack of meaningful improvement and none had a vital significance in relation to the Industrial Revolution bermulanya. As with the invention of the steam engine which plays an important role in the Industrial Revolution, the situation seems to be having another form.

Previously, although the steam is used to spin the windmill and water, the principal source of mechanical power lies in human power. These factors greatly limit the production capacity of the industry. Thanks to the invention of the steam engine, this limitation excluded. Large amounts of energy can now be channeled to productive things that uphill with very swift. Oil embargo of 1973 made us realize how miserable if reduced energy and material capable of crippling the industry. This experience, at some level, encouraging us to imagine the significance of the Industrial Revolution thanks to the invention of James Watt.

In addition to the benefits of power plant, steam engines also have a large order in the other areas. In 1783, the Marquis de Jouffroy in Abbans successfully used a steam engine to drive the ship. In 1804, Richard Trevithick created the first steam locomotive. None of the models that beginners succeed commercially. Within a few decades, then both ships and trains produce a revolution in the field of transportation of both land and sea.

The Industrial Revolution took place almost simultaneously with the American Revolution and the French. Though it seems trivial, it seems clear now how the Industrial Revolution as outlined meanings have far more important for the livelihoods of human significance rather than political revolution. James Watt, therefore, classified as one of those who had an important influence in the history.

History of Copy Machines

Flood Chester Carlson inventor of a photocopy machine was born on February 8, 1906 in Seattle, Washington, USA father contracted tuberculosis forced him to work hard to get the cost of treatment. By the time 17-year-old mother died, and four years after his mother died following Carlson's father. This does not make Carlson discouraged to learn. He could finish his education up to the college at the California Institute of Technology. after completing his studies, Carlson and then worked at a manufacturer of electronic goods. Chester Carlson began her work as a copyist in a patent document peruahaan patent analysis, Carlson thought to accelerate job is to create a tool that can print documents repeatedly. He also read the various references to the printing press. Finally, he found the concept of electrophotographic, which we now know as a copier.

In 1938, Chester Carlson made a small experiment that utilizes powder soot (carbon) and light exposure and move a post from a medium to another medium. He also uses a concept called photo-conductivity, an electron change when exposed to the light. In essence, with this process, the image can be coupled with process changes the electron. Most of the available literature, the findings of Carlson creates a copy process using electrostatic energy, ie xenography.

Xenography name comes from the Greek, radical Xeros (dry) and graphos (write). Because, in the process does not involve chemicals, unlike previous technology. Through this technique, Chester Carlson has found ways remodel paradigm replicates author a document, which later would be called the photocopying process. This technique is then patented in October 6, 1942. For several years, Chester Carlson trying to perfect his invention. Although very useful, electrophotographic machine is not

interest many people, because the machine is considered to have a promising future. Chester who managed to make a tool that must sell the concept for many years that the copier can be sold on the market. Large companies like Kodak is selling the equipment and the process of shooting, IBM and General Electric, rejected the findings. After almost desperate, Chester got the first Batelle Memorial Institute partners who are willing to capitalize the fund and then with the same effort and managed to persuade Haloid, a medium-sized company Haloid Corporation, New York that sells photo paper would be its partner to develop its findings later changed the name Haloid Company The first electrophotographic copying machines because they lack commercial value, then been proposed name with the name of xerography. Xerography became commercial after adopted by Xerox Corporation.

One of the initial product is a Xerox Xerox 914, the first automatic copier that uses xenography process. Named Xerox 914 to refer to the ability of the machine to copy paper with a size of 9 inches x 14 inches (229 mm x 356 mm). Xerox 914, which can copy up to 100 thousand papers per month, is very popular among people at that time. This product revenues accounted for up to 60 million U.S. dollars. The success made the company decided to change its name from Haloid became Xerox in 1958. Until now the company Xerox is a copier and printer in the world.

The resulting product companies are now headquartered in Stamford, Connecticut, USA in 2006 and recorded a 15.9 billion U.S. dollar revenue. The number of employees reached 53,700 people, spread across the world. Chester Carlson died on 9 September 1968, in Rochester, New York, due to chronic liver disease. Thanks to its findings through a copy machine, Chester Carlson has found ways remodel paradigm replicates a document writer. Until now, this process can hardly be left in modern life. By Chester Carlson's invention also present us with an easy, cheap and quick to duplicate a document.

History of Printing Machinery

The printing press is a tool used to double the use of artificial dokomen print letters that move. The first printing press was invented by Johannes Gutenberg (Mainz, Germany). Some mentioned that the printing press is the greatest invention throughout 2,000 years. Printing machine can print counterfeit documents more than just a few weeks that had been produced by hand for life. The printing press made a literate society and allow for education. Scientific revolution depends on the existence of many scientists who record and disseminate their findings. The printing press allowed the scientists and physicists to read the documents before the discovery of the inventors. The printing press has made significant and fundamental changes in the structure, ideas, and activities people.

History of Invention Machine Print

Copying documents has always been a hand job (usually done by the pastor). The books are produced with difficult and slow, and the price is too expensive. To make matters worse, a copy of which was made by hand is easy to make mistakes. Each new copy can be sure of an error.

The answer to the problem is mold. Mold begins in the land of the great wall of China. In 1040, Pi Sheng found the mold by using the letters of the original print made from a kind of soil. Pi Sheng was the actual inventor of printing letters that can move. More mengesankanya again, the West is only able to make prints that scored with 26 letters, while Pi Sheng has made more than 5,000 Chinese characters for cetakanya of land. In 1403, King Htai Tjong of Korea found the metal block letters (more robust and more efficient than the mold of the ground work of Pi Sheng). But he has not developed a printing system using the cetakanya letters.

How to Printing Machinery Found?

Unclear how Johannes Guttenberg found and how he assembles from others that already exist. Historians believe that he who developed the printing press in the world and believes that he has found a new technology.

Guttenber born in a beautiful city, Mainz, Germany. Around 1440, nearing the age of 50, he began to develop his ideas about the printing press. He spent the next decade for solving the three basic needs of the printing press.

First, he took presses. Guttenberg presses modeling of heavy presses used to squeeze the olives. He modify and strengthen the back pressure so he can squeeze into a horizontal bawh easily pass through the entire page.

Second, he needs ink. The pastors and ordinary painter using water ink. Guttenberg consult with renowned pelukasi (including Van Dyke) and decided to use the oily ink commonly used by painters and color pigments that have tested the new painters. With this new ink, Guttenberg get sharper lines and molds thicker than water ink.

Lastly, Guttenberg requires moving the metal mold. Guttenberg metal mold is the biggest donation in the world of printing. He spent many years experimenting with various types of metal, for metal that has a lower point so as to print the letters with ease. However, these metals also have to be strong to be able to withstand the pressure and produce thousands of prints. In 1450, he had a steady pick of tin mixed with a little silver antimony premises.

Around the year 1452, Guttenberg printing press was ready to work. He borrowed 800 guilders to buy paper, ink pigem, oil, tin, silver, antimony, and other needs. He started to print his first book entitled The Great Line 42 Guttenberg Bible (42 refers to the number of lines on each page of text). When the first page is ready and print tested to ensure that all of the letters have been fulfilled and the viscosity of the ink on the right, then he began to print 300 copies of that page.

The first page is completed. Guttenberg then unload 3,000 to 4,000 letters from the page. He cleans and letters that do not fit into the crate. Now he was ready to work to print the second page. This process was repeated 1,282 times and not take years to print 300 copies of each page of the Bibelnya. This copy if done manually by hand will be completed over 1,200 years, is not a very long time.

History of Dinosaurs

Dinosaurs were the dominant vertebrates in terrestrial ecosystems for over 160 million years, from the Triassic period until the end of the old lime many types of dinosaurs were already extinct ten thousand bird species living today have been classified as dinosaurs. In addition to the existence of fossilized feather impressions, Archaeopteryx was very similar to a small predatory dinosaurs. Compsognathus, since the research has identified theropod dinosaurs as the most likely direct ancestors of birds; most paleontologists today regard birds as the only surviving dinosaurs, and some suggest that dinosaurs and birds should be grouped in a biology class. Other close relatives of crocodiles dinosaurs survived until now .. Such as dinosaurs and birds, crocodiles are also members of Archosauria. group of reptiles that first appeared during the period of very old and dominate the middle of the Triassic period.

During the first half of the 20th century, many scientists believe dinosaurs community as a cold-blooded animals are dumb and slow. However, many studies conducted since the 1970s (called the dinosaur renaissance) have supported the view that dinosaurs were active animals with high metabolic and diverse adaptations for social interaction. The resulting changes in the scientific understanding of dinosaurs gradually filtered into popular consciousness.

Since the first dinosaur fossils were recognized in the early nineteenth century, which is woven into the framework of dinosaurs poluler performances in museums around the world. Dinosaurs became popular world culture and continue. They became a topic in the best-selling books and films (most known Jurassic Park), and new discoveries are regularly expressed in the media. Dinosaurs first appeared around 225 million years ago in the Triassic Period. The animal was kept alive until the Jurassic Period and grown into a giant in the Cretaceous period. About 65 million years ago, at the end of the Cretaceous period, dinosaurs disappeared from the face of the earth.

Dinosaurs in the Garden of Eden

Dino in Water. Eden Communications copyrighted. At the beginning of Creation, dinosaurs are not vicious or dangerous. When God finished making the animals, God says "it was good". If so what form? How different are the dinosaur skeletons were found killed by the Flood with the first dinosaurs were created by God? Unfortunately, no one knows what they look like humans or dinosaurs (or other animals) when God created time immemorial. Originally, dinosaurs must have been harmless - designed to please humans and beneficial to the world, like all other animals. When first created, all dinosaurs ate only plants and fruits.

Dinosaurs in the earth after the flood

leaf After the flood, dinosaurs and all other animals are made to be afraid of humans (Genesis 9:2). Animals stay away from people. They are no longer trusting and obedient. God probably did this to protect human and beast of the earth after the flood. Humans and dinosaurs live in separate areas - such as humans and wild animals at this time. Fossil bones, teeth and stomach contents of many dinosaurs were killed during the Flood have been found. So far, it shows that when the plant-eating dinosaurs and harmless - a few hundred years after mankind fell into sin. They may not be much different from an elephant or a giraffe.

Asteroid Killer Dinosaurs

Until now, astronomers have known more than 40 families of asteroids, fragments of a larger body, and calculate when the blast occurred. However, they have not managed to find an asteroid which is responsible for the great extinction.

Dinosaurs, large and small, once ruled the earth at least 120 million years to the Cretaceous period. Then they disappear within a few thousand years, according to fossil evidence, when the Tertiary period began about 65 million years ago. Disappearance of the dinosaurs was a mystery until 30 years ago, when Walter Alvarez, a geologist at the University of California-Berkeley, and his father, Luis, find the cause. They claimed an unidentified object from space hit the Earth and cause huge crater in the earth's crust in the coast of Yucatan, Mexico, and spread the pieces in the form of a rare element called iridium.

This theory is very controversial. But as time went on, began to gain support. Discovery of the so-called Chicxulub crater near the Yucatan Peninsula, plus the iridium and glassy shards thousands of kilometers around the crater, reinforce the idea.

Evidence supporting this theory increases with David Nesvorny and his discovery of the Southwest Research Institute in Bouklder, Colorado, United States. At the beginning of this year, they have identified a new group which they named Baptistina family, according to the name of the group was the largest asteroid, which has up to 40 kilometers. Dinosaur killer asteroid there is a possibility of missing members of this family, which is formed by the impact on the inside of the asteroid belt 160 million years ago.

Nesvorny team had calculated that the asteroid 10 kilometers it has collided with the earth. The asteroid is one of 300 that the original host rock fragments reach 170 kilometers. Other denominations likely hit Venus and is responsible for the formation of Tycho, the youngest craters on the moon. Baptistina composition is also compatible with the shards found in the earth. The scientists also calculated the possibility of another asteroid that hit the Earth is less than 10 percent. A recent study says mass collision in space 160 million years ago caused the extinction of the dinosaurs. Asteroid impact caused debris flying through the solar system including a large blob that hit the Earth and then sweeping the dinosaurs. The team of researchers from the United States and the Republic believe other fragments hit the Moon, Venus and Mars, and the impact of the punch then creates holes.

History of The Oprah Winfrey Show

Oprah Winfrey, the full name Oprah Gail Winfrey was born on January 29, 1954 in Kosciusko, Mississippi, he grew up on a farm by her grandmother harsh, Hattie Mae, for six years. Oprah began to speak in the church her grandmother when three years old. He has a natural talent for performing in public and become very popular.

Biography of Oprah Winfrey Biography Web

When he was six years old, her mother, Vernita, getting a job as a maid in Milwaukee, Wisconsin and finally take Oprah back from his grandmother. In Milwaukee, the same as in farms, Oprah is still very poor, he had to stay in a single room with his mother and two half-brothers, male - male and female. Every day Vernita left the children early in the morning and come home at night, so he did not have time for his family.

So his mother watched, Oprah often ran away from home. At the age of 9, he was sexually abused by a 19-year-old cousin who was on duty guarding it. Oprah believes it's his fault and not tell what he experienced to anyone.

Without guidance from no one, Oprah is getting out of control behavior. The age of 14 years, Oprah pregnant and the baby died shortly after birth. When Oprah escape for one week, his mother decided that he could no longer take care of Oprah. That's when his mother sent Oprah to live with her father in Nashville. Oprah really scared with his father the most disciplined people he knew, swore, if he is able to live with his father, he would change his life, he would show who he really is.

At the age of 14 years, Oprah lived with her father, Vernon Winfrey and her stepmother, Zelma, which is a respectable member of society Tennessee. Profession his father was a barber, shop owners, city council members, and church officials. Oprah's father could not tolerate negative attitudes Oprah or poor grades. Oprah earned value - the value of C in Milwaukee, but only the value of A that can be accepted by his father.

Besides his homework from school, every week Vernon and Zelma requires Oprah to write a book report and asked him the new vocabulary. Initially, Oprah hates the strict rules and high expectations of them. But, it turns out that was exactly what she needed, parents who make the rules and apply them to the firm, but also provide the love and attention he wants. Oprah also risen.

Not only school that values ​​skyrocket, Oprah also be more friendly and popular than ever. In high school, he was selected to represent her school at a youth conference in the White House, and won a scholarship of $ 1,000 for a speech he wrote, "The Negro, the Constitution, and the United States". His father was so supportive Oprah to dream big, and he did. At the age of 16 years, Oprah traveled to Los Angeles to speak at a church. When he returned, Oprah told his father that someday his palm prints will be printed next to a row of other stars palms outside Mann's Chinese Theatre.

At age 17, he obtained his first job in show business as a news anchor at a local radio station. They even paid him $ 100 per week, which is great for students starting high school in the 1970s. Oprah to keep their jobs, even after he obtained a scholarship to Tennessee State University and started college. At the age of 19, he was discovered by a television station in Nashille to be employed as a reporter and news anchor.

Success Era Oprah - The Oprah Winfrey Show

In 1976, Oprah hosted a TV in Baltimore and was later promoted as a companion guide morning talk show (talk show) called People Are Talking (People Start Talking). The talk show format is perfect for Oprah, the audience liked the joke, honesty, and down to earth personality and the show ratings soared.

In 1984, Oprah got his big break. He was asked to tour the show itself disebuah Chicago. Event A. M. Chicago airs at the same time to show the popular Phil Donahue Show. Phill is the king of daytime TV, but it did not take long for Phil and Oprah to lose his throne. In a short time he became a star in 120 major cities across America. The Oprah Winfrey Show made its first national debut in 1986, and quickly achieve success by becoming the most popular show on television, making it the black woman who rose from poverty and became the highest-paid star.

The Oprah Winfrey Show became the number one talk show at the time, produced by his own company Harpo Productions, Inc. (which is taken from the reverse of the name of Oprah). The event was watched by 48 million in viewers each week in the United States and broadcast internationally in 126 countries.

Magazine Founder and Editorial Director

In April 2000, Oprah Magazine and Hearts introduced O, The Oprah Magazine, a monthly magazine that became a lifestyle women at that time. The magazine became a successful magazines in publishing history with a circulation of 2.3 million readers each month. In April 2002, Oprah launched the first international edition of O, The Oprah Magazine in South Africa.

Actress and Producer

Oprah to realize his childhood dream to become a movie star, with her acting in the drama belongs to a brilliant writer, through his company, Harpo Productions:

• The Color Purple (1985)
• Native Son, The Women of Brewster Place (1989)
• Before Women Had Wings (1997)
• Beloved (1998)

Oprah is also a Broadway theater producer "The Color Purple", made his own website (oprah.com), and having Oprah and Friends satellite radio.

History Of Washing Machine

Created by the movement of the human hand on a washboard, washing machine first patented in the United States in 1846 and survived at the end of 1927. Initially, using a power washer motor rotated in the tube, but the motor is not shielded so frequent washing water dripping and causing short circuits and buffeting. In 1911, has been equipped with a washing machine cylinder made of metal and covered. Washer manufacturers face challenges related to the development of such technology, namely finding appropriate motor and ensures that users are not electrocuted. Early in its development, washing machines use chains, belts, shafts and gears.

To overcome the initial obstacles in the use of a washing machine, fractional horsepower motors into use. Motor power is usually only 1/8 or ¼ horsepower motors on the first machine, this machine manufactured by Westinghouse. To prevent electric shock, stator and curator machine wrapped and equipped to prevent heat fan. From the perspective of consumer satisfaction, the machine will wash clothes without shredding need to be developed. This means the engine must be operated at different speeds. To overcome these problems, fall into the water through the clothes on the washing machine agitation needs to be developed

Beatty Brothers of Fergus, Ontario is the first company to manufacture washing machine agitator, using copper tubing nickel-chromium or nickel-plated. In the U.S., the first company to adopt agitator technology was Maytag. Vertical orientation of these machines became the industry standard replacing the horizontal axis rotary previous machine. In the 1920s, the white enamelled metal sheets replacing copper tubing and angle iron legs. In the early 1940s, enamelled steel is used because it is cleaner, easier to clean and more durable, it is also designed to extend the life of the motor

The next development was the installation of a washing machine timer that allows the engine to operate in accordance cycle is set so that users do not need to continue to monitor the washing machine. In the early 1950s, many American manufacturers sell machines with dryers that feature replaces the squeezing process that led to sprained clothes. In 1957, GE introduced a washing machine equipped with 5 buttons to control the wash temperature, rinse temperature, speed wash and spin speed. Washing machine powered by a single phase electric motor. This motor can move both ways when rubbed in washing clothes. Motor is connected to the sink or with a belt and wheel agitator player (pully).

Washing process begins with washing machine with dirty clothes put into the wash tube. Control will detect the weight of clothes and set the water level, wash time, rinse time, drying time and load time incoming water valve (water inlet valve). Once the water level is reached, the valve will be closed and the water gets started rotating agitator to create a whirlpool.

When the control has detected endless washing time, the motor will stop rotating agitator and exhaust valve was opened to remove the water from the washing, then the tube will rotate to remove the remains of the water in the clothes. After the rinse valve inlet valve is closed and opened, the water goes into the tube until sufficient level then entered the water valve is closed and the engine started rinsing. If the rinse time is up, then the control will open the exhaust valve to dump the rinse water. The drying process will be carried out later by tube washing machine. If you have finished the washing machine will stop automatically and this indicates that the washing process has been completed.

There are some differences between the washing machine openings on 2 tubes and 1 tube. The process of washing and drying on a washing machine with 2 tubes made in the different tubes. Washing process is carried out on the type of propeller that spins in the bottom of the tube. While the washer 1 tube, washing and drying process is done in the same tube. This tube also rotates during the washing process.

In terms of water use, opening up the washing machines use more water than front opening washer. This is because the water in the opening of the washing machine should be filled to the brim. While on the engine front opening, the water will be released little by little during the washing process. In general, the power used at the opening of the washing machine or front opening almost the same, which is about 300 W. However, the washing machines are front opening additional facilities to wash with hot water and power needed to make use of this facility about 2000 W.

The most basic difference of these two types of washing machines is the technology used. Opening of the washing machine spinning horizontally, causing the water in it to form a vortex that causes clothes wrapped around each other. In contrast, washing machine resembles a vertical openings depanberputar rotation of the wheel and cause the clothes are always falling down. Results washing machine front opening also better than opening up the washing machine, because the technology used to apply the force of gravity method. The resulting level of drought this type of washing machine is also better, which reached 95% while the opening of the washing machine only produces 70% level of dryness.

Created by the movement of the human hand on a washboard, washing machine first patented in the United States in 1846 and survived at the end of 1927. Initially, using a power washer motor rotated in the tube, but the motor is not shielded so frequent washing water dripping and causing short circuits and buffeting. In 1911, has been equipped with a washing machine cylinder made of metal and covered. Washer manufacturers face challenges related to the development of such technology, namely finding appropriate motor and ensures that users are not electrocuted. Early in its development, washing machines use chains, belts, shafts and gears.

There are some differences between the washing machine openings on 2 tubes and 1 tube. The process of washing and drying on a washing machine with 2 tubes made in the different tubes. Washing process is carried out on the type of propeller that spins in the bottom of the tube. While the washer 1 tube, washing and drying process is done in the same tube. This tube also rotates during the washing process.

In terms of water use, opening up the washing machines use more water than front opening washer. This is because the water in the opening of the washing machine should be filled to the brim. While on the engine front opening, the water will be released little by little during the washing process. In general, the power used at the opening of the washing machine or front opening almost the same, which is about 300 W. However, the washing machines are front opening additional facilities to wash with hot water and power needed to make use of this facility about 2000 W.

The most basic difference of these two types of washing machines is the technology used. Opening of the washing machine spinning horizontally, causing the water in it to form a vortex that causes clothes wrapped around each other. In contrast, washing machine resembles a vertical openings depanberputar rotation of the wheel and cause the clothes are always falling down. Results washing machine front opening also better than opening up the washing machine, because the technology used to apply the force of gravity method. The resulting level of drought this type of washing machine is also better, which reached 95% while the opening of the washing machine only produces 70% level of dryness.

History of Fax Machine

Alexander Bain was born in October 1811, in Watten, Caithness, Scotland, and died in Kirkintilloch and was buried in the Old Aisle Cemetery. The basic technology behind the fax has been around for over 150 years. Alexander Bain created the first fax machine in 1843. He believes that the symbols used in Morse code can be applied visually, not just from hearing, and therefore will be used to send other types of information. Bain, watchmaker, used the knowledge to design and patent the basic concepts that form the basis of the modern fax machine. The idea of ​​using electrical signals generated by the telegraph operator was a big step in telecommunications. In Bain devices, signals will pass through type of paper soaked in a chemical.

The signal will then cause the chemicals to evaporate, leaving a sign of long or short in Morse code. This mark allows for faster information delivery and allow him to make a hit record-holes that allow for automatic transmission and reception. This device is known, although barely wide enough, as the telegraph "chemistry."

Of course, in the days of the fax can not be sent to the way they are now. Telegraph signal is the first successful fax machine that can send a message to set up an electric current. Continuing improvements in miniaturization, manufacturing and printing of electricity is the way to jump-start the technology that the fax machine is currently using millions, even billions, of times each day.

Because fax machines date back further than you might think, it really should be considered one of the greatest milestones in the history of communication. Technology of the fax machine is built on technology then-current telegraph. Telegraph wires are used to send their "chemistry first" fax. Transmission over telephone lines is not possible in 1843, due to the fact that the phone was not even invented for 30 years or more!

The basic concept behind the fax machine ("fax" senders document) is to send a fax, a copy of the "exact" technological advances and other discoveries have led to the evolution of our modern fax machine, which still maintains. The original concept of Alexander Bain. The idea is that you can scan an image, picture or text, and scanned images can be interpreted as a signal that the box is turned on or off. That is, the information will appear as light (off) and dark (at) point to a mechanical recipient in the recipient's fax machine, which will then print the image.

Fax machines started to become very popular in 1983 when the International Consultative Committee Telephonique et Telegraphique (or CCITT Group 3) establish a standard protocol for fax. The CCITT. is an organization that sets international communications standards, and certainly become the standard fax ahead of time. Fax machines quickly became commonplace in the business world. They immediately liked Bly to send legal documents and many businesses would not have it any other way. Although it has been reduced due to the use of email and other technologies, many businesses depend on technology to today's fax.

Even until the 1990s, fax machines were large, bulky and difficult to manage. This technology enables compact, fax machines are user-friendly and cheaper to appear. Ten years ago, $ 500 is considered cheap for a fax machine. These days, you can easily find a good, plain-paper one machine for about $ 50. In addition, fax technology is now part of "all in one" printer, so the device starts at the same price point now comes with the ability to fax, scan, print and copy, all for one low cost.

Although fax machines have been around for years and is used widely, it seems fax over the Internet has rapidly become a very popular means of transmitting information. The fact that the Internet can send information on the high rate of speed makes it more convenient and easier for people to utilize. These days, more and more offices and the people get rid of their fax machines to take advantage of Internet fax devices.

However, the fax machine is not a thing of the past used to be, and the ability for the computer to send and receive faxes with a fax machine means people can connect with users computer and fax users. Many people still use fax machines everyday and easy to see why. They offer a very rapid transfer of information and more accurate communication between people and businesses. Fax machines have certainly come a long way. It was once considered the center of modern technology because it is able to transmit and replicate reams of important documents from anywhere in the world.

Although more and more people turn to the internet fax, fax machines are still regarded as a very important part of technology. See how far we've come in the way we send and transmit information, it is interesting to note how our fax machine so far. It has become an important element in all aspects of international communication, both business and personal. Without it, and the internet-enabled version, we also send our documents via Pony Express.