Tuesday, May 7, 2013

History of Crocodiles

Crocodiles are large-bodied reptiles that live in water. Scientifically, covering all species of crocodile Crocodylidae tribal members, including the crocodile fish (Tomistoma schlegelii). However this name can also be worn loosely to refer to 'crocodile' alligators, caimans and gavial; crocodile relatives that different tribes. Crocodiles generally inhabit freshwater habitats like rivers, lakes, swamps and other wetlands, but there also live in brackish water such as the estuarine crocodile. The main food crocodiles are animals with backbones such as the nation's fish, reptiles and mammals, sometimes also prey on mollusks and crustaceans depend on the species. Crocodiles are ancient animals, which have changed little since the time because of the evolution of dinosaurs.

Also known as a local name to refer to crocodiles, such as buhaya (Sd.); buhaya (bjn); aged or pickpocket (Jw.); bicokok (btw.), bekatak, or aloe vera frogs to mention smallish fat; False, crocodile-weaned weaned (Mly.), or fated to be unlucky crocodile-fated to be unlucky to mention crocodile fish; crocodile pandanus, which crocodiles are greenish; copper alligator, crocodile brownish yellow, and others.


Distrubition of crocodiles

In English crocodile known as crocodile. The name is derived from the Greek for crocodile mention they have seen in the River Nile, krokodilos; said formation rooted kroko word, which means 'pebble', and deilos which means 'worm' or 'people'. They call it 'worm stone' because watching habits of crocodiles basking on the banks of the river rocky.


Behaviour

Outside the ancient form, the crocodile is actually a complex reptiles. Unlike the usual reptiles, crocodiles have four bears heart, diaphragm (the diaphragm) and the cerebral cortex. On the other hand, clearly shows the outer morphology of living aquatic predators. Her body is "streamlined" allows for a quick swim. Crocodile folding legs attached to the back of the body, to reduce drag and allow the water to pick up speed while swimming. Toes webbed hind pool, which although not used as a driving force when swimming fast, the membrane is very useful when he had to suddenly turn around or make sudden moves in the water, or to start the swim. Webbed feet is also an advantage when the alligator need to move or walk in shallow water.

Crocodiles can move very quickly over short distances, even out of water. These animals have very strong jaws that can bite with incredible power, making it an animal with the biggest bite force. Pressure bites crocodile is not less than 5,000 psi (pounds per square inch; equivalent to 315 kg / cm ²), compared with the bite force rottweiler that only 335 psi, great white shark of 400 psi, or hyena (hyena) approximately 800-1000 psi. Crocodile pointy teeth and sharp, very useful for holding prey. Crocodile attacks its prey by pouncing on its prey at once biting it, then pull firmly and suddenly into the water. Therefore, the muscles around the jaw so well developed that can be shut with very strong. Shut the mouth that has been so very difficult to open, similar to the gecko bite. But instead, the muscles which serve to open the crocodile's mouth is very weak. The researchers crocodile large enough wrapping adhesive tape (duct tape) a few times, or tie strap rubber inner tube at the muzzle end closing, for keeping his mouth shut while it remained observation and measurement, or when want to safely transport the animal. Alligator claws and nails were strong and sharp, but the neck is very stiff so it is not so easy to attack the crocodile to the side or to the rear.

Crocodiles prey on fish, birds, mammals, and sometimes also other smaller crocodile carcasses even adult crocodiles. This is an ambush predator reptile; she waits for prey animals or fish approaching land, then suddenly pounce. As cold-blooded animals, this predator can survive a long time without food, and rarely really need to move to hunt their prey. Although seemingly slow, crocodiles are predators peak in the neighborhood, and some species have been observed attacking and killing sharks. Except here is the Egyptian bird kettle, which is known to have a symbiotic relationship with the crocodile. It is said that this bird used to eat animals and leftover meat parasite that dwells in the crocodile's mouth, and to the river king opened his mouth wide and let the pot go to clean it.

Age

There is no convenient way to calculate the age of the crocodile, in addition to knowing penetasannya first time, although there are some techniques that have been developed. The most common method used to estimate the animal's age by counting circle is growing in bones and teeth. Each layer of the circle illustrates the change in the growth rate, which may be caused by changes in the dry and rainy seasons are repeated every year. While mindful of the opportunities imprecision of this method, which is the oldest crocodile is probably the largest species. The estuarine crocodile (C. porosus) is expected to live on average to 70 years, with a few individuals who proved to be beyond the age of 100 years. One of the oldest crocodiles recorded, died at a zoo in Russia about 115 years old.

A male freshwater crocodile at the Australia Zoo maintained was estimated to be 130 years old. The animals rescued Bob Irwin and Steve Irwin from the wild after being shot twice by hunters. As a result of the gunfire, the crocodile (which is now dubbed as "Mr. Freshy") lost his right eye


Size

Crocodile body size varies widely from species to species, from the dwarf crocodile to the saltwater crocodile giant. Large-bodied species can grow more than 5 m long and weighs more than 1,200 kg. However, babies crocodile measuring about 20 cm only when hatched from an egg. Largest crocodile species is the saltwater crocodile, which lives in the region up to northern Australia.

The size of the largest estuarine crocodile is still debated. The largest alligator ever recorded was a giant estuarine crocodiles along 8.6 m, which was shot by a school teacher in Australia. While the crocodile is the largest living crocodile 7.1 m in estuaries along the Bhitarkanika Wildlife Sanctuary, Orissa, India. In June 2006, his record is recorded in the Guinness Book of World Records.

Two other notes about the size of a trusted record two biggest crocodile crocodiles along the 6.2 m. The first crocodile was shot in the Mary River, Northern Territory, Australia in 1974 by a poacher, which is then measured by a forestry officer. While the second crocodile was killed in the Fly River, Papua New Guinea. The second crocodile size is actually derived from the skin, as measured by Jerome Montague, a wildlife researcher. And because of the size of the skin is always smaller (shrinking) of the size of the original animal, believed that this second crocodile measuring at least 10 inches longer when alive.

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