It is inevitable that the existence of information and communication technologies contribute heavily in human civilization today. This proves that people will always try to obtain a more comfortable life and almost instantaneous. Practical! That word is appropriate in describing the life of an increasingly sophisticated, all the daily activities will be more practical when technology plays a role in it. But if my friends know how important historical existence of information and communication technology?
Information technology was originally developed in humans at this time serves as a system for the introduction of the forms that they know, they describe the information they find on the walls of caves, on hunting and prey animals. At this time they began identifying objects that exist around their living environment and represent it with benuk-form then they are painted on the walls of the cave where they live, Because of their ability to speak only about the form of voice grunts and hand gestures as a form of crew communisation them at this time. Subsequent developments are created and use the tools that produce sounds and cues, such as drums, trumpets made of animal horns, smoke signals as a means of giving warning of danger.
Historical Period (3000 BC s / d 1400's M)
At this time, information technology has not become a mass technology as we know it today, information technology is still used by a limited circles, used in times of special and expensive.
3000 BC
For the first time writing used by the Sumerians using symbol-symbol formed from pictograf as letters. Symbol or the letters in also has a form different sounds (Reference), so it can be a word, sentence and language.
2900 BC
All letters are hieroglyphs on ancient Egyptian hieroglyph symbol is the language in which every expression represented by each different symbol, which when combined into a single pronunciation and will have a different meaning, and language hieroglyph writing is more advanced than the Sumerian writing.
500 BC
Papyrus is used as paper fibers. Paper made from tree fibers Papyrus that grows around the Nile is a media writing / information media are more powerful and flexible than the slab of clay that was used as a medium of information.
105 M
The Chinese invented paper. Paper invented by the Chinese in this period is the paper we know today, this paper made from bamboo fibers are crushed, filtered, washed, dried and flattened kemudain, the present invention also allows the printing system is done by using a block of wood and covered ditoreh by ink or as we know it with a paint system.
Modern era (1400's M s / d now)
In 1455
The printing press that uses plate letters made of iron that can be changed in a frame made of wood was developed for the first time by Johann Gutenberg.
1830
Lady Agusta Byrn wrote the world's first computer program in collaboration with Charles Babbage Analytical engine its use. Which is designed to be able to enter data, process the data and produce output in the form of a card. This machine is known as the first form of digital computers lyang although how it works is more mechanical than digital in nature, 94 years before the first digital computer ENIAC was first formed.
1837
Samuel Morse developed the telegraph and Morse code language with Sir William Cook and Sir Charles Wheatstone who sent electronically between two distant parties through the cable connecting the two places. Sending and receiving of information is able to be sent and received at the same time time. This invention allows information to be accepted and widely used by the community unhampered by distance and time.
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Moving images are projected onto a screen was first used as a forerunner to the movie now.
1876
Melvyl Dewey decimal developed a system of writing.
1877
Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone and develop yan g was first used in general.
High-speed photography was invented by Edward Maybridge.
1899
Tape storage systems used in (Ribbon) first magnetic.
1923
Zvorkyn creating the first television tubes.
1940
Dumulainya scientific development in the field of information during World War II that dipergunakn for the benefit of sending and receiving documents - military documents that are stored in the form of magnetic tape.
1945
Vannevar Bush developed a coding system using hypertext.
1946
The world's first digital computer ENIAC were developed.
ENIAC, short for Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer, was the first fully electronic computer that is designed to be Turing-complete, which is able to be re-programmed by resetting the cord in order to resolve any kind of problem computation. ENIAC was developed and built by the U.S. Army Armament Research Laboratory for them in order to calculate the table gunfire. ENIAC conceived and designed by J. Presper, Eckert and John William Mauchly of Pennsylvania University. The computer was built on May 17, 1943 as a PX project and built at the Moore School of Electrical Engineering since mid-1944 and operated officially since February 1946 having cost almost $ 500,000. He then turned off on November 9, 1946 for a refurbishment and a memory upgrade. ENIAC was shown to the public on February 14, 1946 at Pennsylvania University and transferred to the Aberdeen Proving Grounds, Maryland in 1947. On July 29 the same year, was turned on and will continue to operate until at 23.45 on October 2, 1955.
A team of eight women programmed the ENIAC by manipulating thousands of cables and switch. ENIAC gain widespread publicity because of their large size. He had 17,468 vacuum tubes, 7,200 crystal diodes, 1,500 transmitters, 70,000 resistors, 10,000 capacitors and around 5 million hand-soldered connections. It weighs 27 tons and measure 2.4 mx 0.9 mx 30 m. ENIAC took an area of about 167 m2 and energy consumption of 160 kW.
But ENIAC was not actually a sophisticated computer dieranya. Unlike artificial Konrad Zuse Z3 and artificial MARK Howard Aiken. ENIAC had to be reset cord to run the new program (Z3 and MARK run the program from the cassette). Furthermore unlike the Z3 and the modern computer, ENIAC perform calculations in decimal rather than binary.
1948
Telephone diBell researchers developed a transistor.
1957
Jean Hoerni develop Planar transistors. This technology enables the development of millions and even billions of transistors incorporated into keeping a small silicon crystals.
USSR (Russia at that time) as the Sputnik launching the first artificial earth satellite that served as the eyes - the eyes. In return the U.S. formed Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) under the authority of the Department of Defense to develop Science and Information Technology in the military.
1962
Rand Paul barand, of the RAND Corporation, was commissioned to develop a network system capable of controlling the system Decentralization bombing and missile launches in a nuclear war.
1969
The first network system formed by connecting 4 nodes (points), the University of California, SRI (Stanford), University of California of Santa Barbara, and the University of Utah. With the strength of 50 kbps.
1972
Ray Tomlinson created the program E-mail first.
Year 1973 - 1990
INTERNET term was introduced in a paper on the TCP / IP protocol and then made the development of a network that became known as TCP / IP was developed by the group of DARPA, 1981 National Science Foundation to develop Back Bone called CSNET 56 Kbps capacity for each institution in the government . Then in 1986 the IETF to develop a server that serves as a means of coordination made between: DARPA, the ARPANET, DDN and Internet Gateway.
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