In 1896, Antoine Henri Becquerel discovered radioactivity of uranium. In 1902, Marie and Pierre Curie isolate the radioactive metal called radium In 1905, Albert Einstein formulated the Special Theory of Relativity. According to this theory, the mass can be considered as another form of energy. According to Einstein, if we can somehow convert mass into energy, it would be possible to "liberate" a large amount of energy.
Over the next decade, a major step was taken by Ernest Rutherford and Niels Bohr explained more precise atomic structure. They say, from the positively charged nuclei and negatively charged electrons revolving around the nucleus. That is the core, the scientists concluded, that must be broken down or "explode" if atomic energy will be released. In 1934, Enrico Fermi Italian destroying heavy atoms with neutrons sprayed on. But he does not realize that he has acquired nuclear fission.
On December 1938, though, Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassman in Berlin performed similar experiments with uranium and a world achievement. They have produced nuclear fission, they have split the atom that is 33 years after Einstein said it could be done that mass turned into energy. On August 2, 1939, Albert Einstein wrote a letter to U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Over the last four months, he has made possible through the work of Joliot in France as well as Fermi and Szilard in America that allows to set the nuclear reaction in a large mass of uranium. ..
And this new phenomenon would also lead to the construction of bombs ... A single bomb of this type, carried by boat or exploded in a port, might very well destroy the whole port together with some surrounding areas. He urged Roosevelt to start a nuclear program without delay. Within 1 year later Einstein regretted the role he played in the development of such a destructive weapon: "I did a big mistake in my life," he told Linus Pauling, another prominent scientist, "when I signed the letter to President Roosevelt recommending that atom bombs be made" .
At December 1942 at the University of Chicago, Italian physicist Enrico Fermi succeeded in producing the first nuclear chain reaction. This is done by setting the natural uranium lumps distributed in a large stack of pure graphite, a form of carbon. In nuclear reactors, graphite moderator is used to slow down neutrons.
On August 1942, during World War II, the United States established the Project Manhattan.Tujuan of this project is to develop, build, and test a bomb. Many leading American scientists, including physicist Enrico Fermi and J. Robert Oppenheimer, and Harold Urey chemistry, associated with the project, which is led by an engineer of the U.S. Army, Brigadier General Leslie R. Groves.
On May 31, 1945, sixteen people meeting in the office of Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson. Sixteen people were there to make the decisions about weapons average American has never heard of, the atomic bomb. They pick targets for the future "The Bomb." What they are talking about is "new human relationship with the universe," as said by Stimson. Secretary seems to say, is the most critical turning point in the entire recorded history. On July 16, 1945, the first atomic bomb or A-bomb, tested in Alamogordo, New Mexico.
On 6 August 1945, the Enola Gay, the American plane, dropped the first atomic bomb ever used in warfare on Hiroshima, Japan, ultimately killing more than 140,000 people. On August 9, 1945, the United States dropped a second atomic bomb, this time in the Japanese city of Nagasaki. Although missed one mile of the target, but killed 75,000 people.
On August 29, 1949, the Soviet Union's first atomic bomb test. On December 1 November, 1952 trial, successfully performed full scale by the United States with the fusion-type. In 1946, the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC), civil institutions of the United States government, established the Atomic Energy Act to manage and regulate the production and use of atomic energy. Among the major programs of the new commission is the physical production of the bomb; accident prevention biological research, medical, metallurgy and electric power production of atomic, nuclear aircraft in production studies, and the declassification of data on atomic energy
No comments:
Post a Comment